irrigation engineering. & water management

IRRIGATION ENGINEERING IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENTAND MANAGEMENT

IMRAN AZIZ TUNIOIMRAN AZIZ TUNIOB.E (Civil), M.E (Hydraulics & Irrigation)B.E (Civil), M.E (Hydraulics & Irrigation)

Assistant Director EngineeringAssistant Director EngineeringWater Sector Improvement Project Phase-I, SIDA. Water Sector Improvement Project Phase-I, SIDA.

Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan.Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan.Email: Email: [email protected]

Cell No. +92-300-9373953Cell No. +92-300-9373953

Introduction:Introduction:

IrrigationIrrigation is an artificial is an artificial application of water to the soil application of water to the soil usually for assisting in growing usually for assisting in growing crops. In crop production it is crops. In crop production it is mainly used in dry areas and in mainly used in dry areas and in periods of rainfall shortfalls, but periods of rainfall shortfalls, but also to protect plants against also to protect plants against frost.frost.

Additionally irrigation helps to Additionally irrigation helps to suppress weed growing in rice suppress weed growing in rice fields. In contrast, fields. In contrast, agriculture that that relies only on direct rainfall is relies only on direct rainfall is referred to as rain-fed farming. referred to as rain-fed farming. Irrigation is often studied together Irrigation is often studied together with with drainage, which is the natural , which is the natural or artificial removal of surface and or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given sub-surface water from a given area.area.

Introduction (continueIntroduction (continue…)…)

Irrigation is also a term used in Irrigation is also a term used in the Medical/Dental fields and the Medical/Dental fields and refers to flushing and washing out refers to flushing and washing out anything with water or another anything with water or another liquid.liquid.

Introduction (continue..)Introduction (continue..)

Irrigation in a field in Irrigation in a field in New Jersey in the United New Jersey in the United States States

Necessity:Necessity:

Pakistan is basically an agricultural Pakistan is basically an agricultural country. water resources country. water resources development provides the development provides the infrastructure for the growth infrastructure for the growth economy of the country and the economy of the country and the large investment has been made large investment has been made the purpose in our country. water is the purpose in our country. water is normally supplied to the plant by normally supplied to the plant by nature through rains.nature through rains.

It is an essential to supply the It is an essential to supply the optimum quantity of water, and optimum quantity of water, and to maintain correct timing of to maintain correct timing of water water

Irrigation is an art and application Irrigation is an art and application of water to soil for crop of water to soil for crop production constructing production constructing headworks across a river.headworks across a river.

Necessity (continue…)Necessity (continue…)

Necessity (continue…)Necessity (continue…) Our country also needs irrigation Our country also needs irrigation

to pace with of its huge population to pace with of its huge population which has crossed one billion mark which has crossed one billion mark in this millennium.in this millennium.

This is possible only through a This is possible only through a systematic irrigation system by systematic irrigation system by collecting water during the periods collecting water during the periods of excess rainfall and to release it of excess rainfall and to release it to crop as and when it is neededto crop as and when it is needed

Thus the necessity of irrigation Thus the necessity of irrigation can be summarized in the can be summarized in the following four points.following four points.

1.less rainfall1.less rainfall 2.non-uniform rainfall2.non-uniform rainfall 3.commercial crops with 3.commercial crops with

additional water additional water 4.controlled water supply4.controlled water supply

Necessity (continue)Necessity (continue)

SCOPE OF IRRIGATIONSCOPE OF IRRIGATION

Irrigation is not limited to the Irrigation is not limited to the application of water to the soil. It application of water to the soil. It deals with all aspects and deals with all aspects and problems extending from the problems extending from the watershed to the agriculture farms.watershed to the agriculture farms.

It also deals with design and It also deals with design and construction of all works, such as construction of all works, such as dams, weirs, head regulators etc dams, weirs, head regulators etc


Most commercial and residential Most commercial and residential system are “in ground” system, system are “in ground” system, which means that everything is which means that everything is buried in the ground.buried in the ground.

With the pipes, sprinklers, and With the pipes, sprinklers, and irrigation valves being hidden, it irrigation valves being hidden, it makes for a cleaner,makes for a cleaner,


an irrigation engineer also an irrigation engineer also required to have the knowledge required to have the knowledge of cultivating various crops, their of cultivating various crops, their maturing and protection from maturing and protection from pests.pests.

Sources of irrigation water can be Sources of irrigation water can be groundwater extracted from groundwater extracted from springs or by using wells. springs or by using wells.


Scope of irrigation can be divided Scope of irrigation can be divided into two heads:into two heads:

1.Engineering aspects1.Engineering aspects 2.Agricultural aspects 2.Agricultural aspects

Engineering aspectsEngineering aspects

1.storage, diversion, or lifting of water1.storage, diversion, or lifting of water 2.conveyance of water to the 2.conveyance of water to the

agricultural fieldsagricultural fields 3.application of water to the 3.application of water to the

agricultural fields.agricultural fields. 4.drainage and relieving water logging4.drainage and relieving water logging 5.development of water power5.development of water power

Agricultural aspectsAgricultural aspects

Following points:Following points: Proper depth of water necessary in Proper depth of water necessary in

single application of water for various single application of water for various crops.crops.

Distribution of water uniformly and Distribution of water uniformly and periodically.periodically.

Capacities of different soils for Capacities of different soils for irrigation water and flow of water in irrigation water and flow of water in soils.soils.

Agricultural aspectsAgricultural aspects

A multipurpose river valley A multipurpose river valley project also includesproject also includes

IrrigationIrrigation Water supply for public health Water supply for public health Soil conservationSoil conservation Inland navigationInland navigation Fish cultureFish culture

BENEFITS OF BENEFITS OF IRRGATIONIRRGATION All the irrigation schemes are All the irrigation schemes are

designed that they increase the designed that they increase the food production of the country. food production of the country. Apart increase in the food, there Apart increase in the food, there are many indirect benefits are are many indirect benefits are advantage of irrigationadvantage of irrigation

increase in food productionincrease in food production protection from famine protection from famine cultivation of cash cropscultivation of cash crops

BENEFITS OF BENEFITS OF IRRGATIONIRRGATION Addition to the wealth of the Addition to the wealth of the

country country Increase in porosity of peopleIncrease in porosity of people Generation of hydroelectric power Generation of hydroelectric power Domestic and industrial water Domestic and industrial water

supplysupply Inland navigation Inland navigation Improvement of communicationImprovement of communication

BENEFITS OF BENEFITS OF IRRGATIONIRRGATION Canal plantationsCanal plantations Improvements in the ground Improvements in the ground

water storagewater storage Aid in civilizationAid in civilization General development of the General development of the

countrycountry

irrigation engineering. & water management

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