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© 2010 WWW.SKYSAILTRAINING.CO.UK Collision Regulations IRPCS

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International Regulations for

Preventing Collisions at Sea

IRPCS - Colregs Assessment

Collision Regulations Exam

Test yourself – online quizRYA Day Skipper and Yachtmaster

ICC / BSAC SeamanshipMouse click or Page Down to start

Feedback is welcome.click on www.skysailtraining.co.uk

for more tests on Weather and CEVNI, and to buy IRPCS/Colregs, Weather, VHF, Safety,

CEVNI and Navigation skills charts.

8th May 2010

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SKYSAIL SKILLS CHARTS

http://www.btinternet.com/~keith.bater/navigation_skills_charts.htm

Day Skipper

ChartworkWeather

VHF

Extracts from Skysail Skills Charts on the essential navigation subjects

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Day Skipper Colregs Quiz

The full text of IRPCS is here:http://www.btinternet.com/~keith.bater/irpcs_colregs_complete.htm

Before the detailed Yachtmaster Collision Regs questions, there is a short section on what you need to know for the RYA Day Skipper course.

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Day Skipper – Colregs 1

Basic Rules The rules apply anywhere on the sea or connected to it (subject to local

by-laws). Keep a good lookout at all times by all means available (sight, sound,

radar). Maintain a safe speed for the conditions:

waves, hazards, tide, traffic, visibility, depth, manoeuvrability, background lights

The words 'Right of Way' do not occur in the rules.A ‘Stand on' vessel should maintain its course and speed until it is clear that the ‘Give way' vessel is not taking avoiding action.Then all vessels must keep clear.

Action taken to avoid a collision shall be positive, early and safe. A risk of collision exists if a bearing by compass, radar or transit stays

constant. Navigate on the starboard side of a channel. When crossing a shipping lane or traffic separation scheme, keep your

heading at right angles to the traffic.

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Day Skipper – Colregs 1

Special rules apply in fog:

There is no ‘Give Way’ vessel, everyone must keep clear.

If you hear any vessel ahead: sound your signal slow down but keep steerage way on stop if necessary navigate with extreme caution till danger is past.

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Day Skipper - Colregs 2

General Rules for Priority:

1. Not Under Command

2. Restricted Ability to Manoeuvre

3. Constrained by Draught

4. Fishing

5. Sail

6. Motor (including motor sailing) Tugs

are treated as motor vessels, unless

they are also RAM or CBD

Exceptions to General Rules:

Narrow channels

Traffic Separation Schemes.

Overtaking boats keep clear - sail and

power.

Sailing Rules

1. Starboard tack boat

2. Port tack boat

Sailing boats on the same tack:

Windward boat keeps clear.

Motoring Rules

Boats meeting head on - both turn

to starboard.

If two power vessels are crossing,

the boat which has the other on

her own starboard side shall keep

out of the way.

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Day Skipper Colregs Quiz 3

What is the meaningof this day shape?

Vessel at anchor Keep a good lookout at all times by all possible means

What are the rules concerning lookout?

Do the words ‘Right of Way’ appear in the Rules?

What is the meaningof this flag ?

Diver down

Keep well clear at slow speed

No

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Day Skipper Collision Regulations

Sailing vessel

Motor sailing

What is the meaningof this sign?

What is the meaningof this sign?

Vessel fishing

Head on:Turn to StarboardKeep to Starboard side of channel

Converging:Boat on right stands onB goes behind, slows down or stops

Two motor boats meet head on, what action is required?

Two motor boats converge

B

A

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Day Skipper Colregs 4What action should each vessel take?

Windward boat Bgives way

Port tack boat Agives way

One boat overtakes another

Two sailing boats on same tack

Two sailing boats on opposite tack

Wind

A B

B

Wind

A

Overtaking Boat keeps clear

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Day Skipper Colregs 5give type of vessel, size and aspect

What vessel carriesthese lights?

Motor vessel

What vessel carriesthis light?

SailingPort side

What vessel carriesthis light?

• Stern light - any vessel

• Vessel at anchor

• Small craft

Over 50m long

From ahead

What vessel carries this light?

Under 50m long

Motor vessel

Starboard side

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Yachtmaster Assessments

The RYA assessment requires that you achieve 80% in the Collision Regulations assessment.

You need to know all that follows in this test

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Application - IRPCS Rule 1

Do the Collision Regulations apply on Lake Geneva?

No. This is not the high seas, or navigable water connected with the high seas

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Responsibility – IRPCS Rule 2

Do the words ‘right of way’ appear in the collision regulations?

No.

It is everyone’s responsibility to avoid a collision, there is no exoneration.

There are ‘give way’ vessels and ‘stand on’ vessels.

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General Definitions - Rule 3

Does a sailing yacht which is motor-sailing count as a sailing vessel or a power-driven vessel?

What is the definition of “under way”?

A power-driven vessel, it is being propelled by machinery

Underway: not anchored, or made fast to the shore, or aground.

Vessels ‘making way’ are moving through the water by power, sail or oars, but this is not defined in the IRPCS.

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Look-out - IRPCS Rule 5

What do the colregs say about the maintenance of a look-out?

May this rule be relaxed by single handed sailors?

At all times, by all available means,including sight, sound, and radar if available.

No

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Safe Speed – IRPCS Rule 6

What is a safe speed?At a safe speed a vessel can take proper and effective action to avoid collision, and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.

Consider:1. Stopping and turning ability of

your vessel2. Visibility3. Draught of your vessel and Depth

of water4. Weather5. Sea State6. Traffic7. Hazards8. Background lights at night

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Risk of Collision - Rule 7

How do you determine that a risk of collision exists?

Take bearings of an approaching vessel.

If the bearings stay constant and the distance is closing there is a risk of collision.

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Action to avoid Collision - Rule 8

What are the rules about action to avoid a collision?

Your action should obvious to another vessel.

Your action should be safe

Action should be early, in ample time.

At night, show another aspect of your lights.

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Narrow Channels - Rule 9

What are the rules for any sailing vessel, and vessels less than 20m in length, in narrow channels?

They must not impede the passage of a vessel which can navigate safely only in the channel.

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Traffic Separation Schemes – Colregs Rule 10

When you cross a Traffic Separation Scheme, do you make Heading or Ground Track at right angles to the lane?

Your heading should be as nearly as practicable at right angles to the traffic flow.

This is the quickest route and shows the maximum aspect of your boat to vessels using the lane.Also you have the best view of traffic.

TideGround track

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Sailing Vessels – IRPCS Rule 12

When two sailing vessels on opposite tacks meet, which gives way to the other:

The vessel with the wind on the port side

(on port tack)

Port tack boat A gives way

Wind

A B

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Sailing Vessels – IRPCS Rule 12

When two sailing vessels on the same tack meet which gives way to the other:

The vessel to windward of the otherWindward boat Bgives way

B

Wind

A

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Sailing Vessels – Colregs Rule 12

A sailing vessel on port tack sees another sailing vessel ahead to windward but is not certain whether the other vessel is on port or starboard tack.

Does she: stand on or give way?

She gives way

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Overtaking – Colregs Rule 13

When is a vessel overtaking?

A planing sailing dinghy is overtaking a motor cruiser.Which keeps clear?

Any overtaking vessel must keep clear

When it is approaching from an angle more than 22.5º abaft the beam of another vessel(ie in the arc of the stern light).

22.5º

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Overtaking - IRPCS Rule 13

Assume you are overtaking and act accordingly.

Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules, or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.

What should you do if you are not sure you are overtaking?

What happens if you change your course or speed to come out of the overtaking sector?

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Head-on Situation - Colregs Rule 14

When two power-driven vessels meet head on, what action should they take?

Both vessels alter course to starboard and make

a sound signal (1 short blast)

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Crossing situation – IRPCS Rule 15

Two power-driven vessels are crossing.

Who keeps clear, and what action should she take?

The vessel with the other on her starboard side.(At night, she could see a red light on the other vessel). She must slow down, or alter course to starboard to

clear the other vessel’s stern, and make a sound signal

(1 short blast).

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Action by give-way vessel - Rule 16

What kind of action should be taken by the vessel required to keep clear?

It should be

and

early, in ample time

substantial

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Action by stand on vessel - Rule 17

What is the ‘stand-on’ vessel required to do?

What should the ‘stand on’ vessel do if a collision appears imminentMaintain her course

Take action to avoid the collision

and speed

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Responsibilities betweenvessels - Collision Regulations Rule 18

List the following in order of priority Vessel restricted in ability to manoeuvre

Power driven vessel

Fishing vessel

Sailing vessel

Vessel Not Under Command

Vessel Constrained by Draught

Vessel Not Under Command

Vessel Restricted in Ability to Manœuvre

Vessel Constrained by Draught

Fishing vessel

Sailing vessel

Power vessel

1

2

3

4

5

6

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Conduct of vessels inrestricted visibility – Colregs Rule

19In restricted visibility what must all vessels ensure regarding their speed and means of propulsion?

A safe speed suitable for the prevailing circumstances.

Engines are ready for immediate manoeuvre.

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Conduct of vessels inrestricted visibility - Rule 19

In restricted visibility, you hear the fog signal of vessel ahead of you. What must you do?

Sound your fog signal.

Reduce speed to the minimum while maintaining steerage way. Stop if necessary.

Navigate with extreme caution until danger of collision is over.

1

2

34

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Collision Regulations – Under Way

Which vessels can you distinguish as either ‘under way’ or ‘making way’ at night?

1. Not Under Command

2. Restricted Ability to Manœuvre

3. Fishing

All other vessels can only be identified as ‘under way’ at night.

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Collision Regulations:Under way/ Making Way

How do vessels at night indicate they are making way?

Not Under Command:shows side and stern lights NB no steaming light at masthead.

Restricted Ability to Manœuvre, and Fishing: show side lights, stern lights and masthead (steaming) lights.

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Collision Regulations

Which vessels can only be distinguished as ‘under way’ at night?

1. Sail2. Power3. Constrained By Draught4. Pilot

Define Tugs as ‘Towing’.

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Definitions – IRPCS Rule 21

Match the lights listed to their arcs of visibility:Masthead light, Sidelight, Stern light, All round light360º 112.5º on each side of bow 112.5º on one side of bow only67.5º on each side of stern

All-round lightMasthead light

Side light

Stern light(overtaking sector is 22.5 º aft of the beam)

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Collision Regulations Rule 24

What lights are shown by a tug with:

length of tow 200m or less

length of tow greater than 200m?

One additional masthead light. Yellow towing light at the stern

Two additional masthead lights Yellow towing light at the stern

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What lights are shown by a vessel being towed?

Sidelights and a Sternlight

(Same as a sailing vessel, ie no power)

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Fishing Vessels – Colregs Rule 26

At night, what lights are shown by a vessel engaged in trawling ?

What is its day shape?All-round green over all-round white

Two cones, apex together

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IRPCS Rule 26

At night, what lights are shown by a vessel engaged in fishing, not trawling,?

If its gear extends more than 150m to the side, what additional light and shape must it show?

All-round white light in the direction of the gear

All-round red over all round white

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IRPCS Rule 27

What lights are shown by a vessel not under command?

What day shape must it show?

Two all-round red lights

Two balls in a vertical line

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Vessels not under command orrestricted in ability to

manoeuvre – Colregs Rule 27

What lights are shown by a vessel when it is restricted in its ability to manœuvre?

What day shapes must it show?

All-round red, white, red in a vertical line

Ball, diamond, ball in a vertical line

1 metre apart

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IRPCS Rule 27

When a vessel is carrying out dredging, how does it indicate the safe side to pass?

The unsafe side?

Unsafe: two 360º red lights vertical Two vertical balls

Safe: two 360 º green lights verticalTwo vertical diamonds

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IRPCS Rule 27

What lights are shown by a vessel engaged in mine clearance?

What shapes by day?Three all-round green lights, one at the masthead and one at the end of each yard

Three balls

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IRPCS Rule 28

What lights are shown by a vessel constrained by her draught?

What day shape?

Three all-round red lights

A cylinder 1m x 2m

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What lights are shown by a vessel on pilot duty?

What will the pilot vesselshow by day?

What sound signals are made by a pilot vessel on duty

All-round white over all-round red

Flag ‘H’

Four short blasts (Morse ‘H’)

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What lights are shown by vessels less than 50m in length at anchor?

What shape by day?

What additional light is shown at anchor by avessel > 50m long?

All-round white light forward

A ball forward

An all-round white light low down near the stern

> 50 m port aspect

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What lights are shown by vessels aground?

What day shape?

Three balls in a vertical line

Anchor lights plus two vertical all-round red lights

Port side > 50m)

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Manœuvring and WarningSignals - Rule 34

When a vessel makes the following sound signals in good visibility what do they mean?

One short blast

Two short blasts

Three short blasts

Five or more short rapid blasts

I am altering course to starboard

I am altering course to port

I am operating astern propulsion

What are your intentions

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What do the following signals mean when made between vessels in a narrow channel?

One long blast

Two long followed by one short blast

Two long followed by two short blasts

One long, one short, one long & one short

I intend to overtake on your starboard side

I intend to overtake on your port side

‘Affirmative’ (by vessel being overtaken)

Vessels approaching blind bend (here I come sounding one)

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Manœuvring and WarningSignals – Colregs Rule 35

What sounds should the following vessels make in restricted visibility?

A vessel not under command

A vessel restricted in ability to manoeuvre

A vessel constrained by draught

A fishing vessel

A sailing vessel

A tug

One long followed by two short blasts every 2 mins

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What sounds should the following vessels make in restricted visibility?Power vessel making way

Power driven vessel stopped, not making way

A vessel constrained by draught

A sailing vessel

A Pilot boat on duty

One long blast every 2 minutes

Two long blasts every 2 minutes

One long followed by two short every 2 mins

One long followed by two short every 2 mins

Four short blasts(in addition to one long blast for a motor vessel)

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Manœuvring and WarningSignals – IRPCS Rule 35

In fog , you hear one long blast followed by three short. What is it?

In fog, you hear a bell rung rapidly for 5 seconds, then a gong, every minute. What is it? A vessel under tow (last vessel in tow)

A vessel >100m long at anchor

Forward Aft

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Distress Signals - Rule 37

What are the International Distress signals?

D y e M a r k e rR a d io t e le p h o n e A la r m S ig n a l / D S C

R a d io t e le g r a p h A la r m s ig n a l / D S C

S A R TS e a r c h & R e s c u e R a d a r

T r a n s p o n d e r

E P I R BE m e r g e n c yP o s i t io nI n d ic a t in gR a d ioB e a c o n

A S q u a r eS h a p e a b o v eo r b e lo w aB a l l S h a p e

C o d e F la g s

‘N ’ a n d ‘C ’

R o c k e t s o r s h e l lst h r o w in gr e d s t a r sa t s h o r tin t e r v a ls

F la m e s o r S m o k eC o n t in u o u s s o u n d w i t h f o g s ig n a l

G u n o r n o is e a t1 m in u t e in t e r v a ls

M o r s e S O S b y r a d io o r a n y o t h e r s ig n a l l in g m e t h o d

O r a n g e S m o k eR e d P a r a c h u t eo r H a n d F la r e

W a v e o u t s t r e t c h e d a r m s s lo w ly u p a n d d o w n

T h e s p o k e n w o r d ‘M A Y D A Y ’ s e n t b y

r a d io t e le p h o n y

D y e M a r k e rR a d io t e le p h o n e A la r m S ig n a l / D S C

R a d io t e le g r a p h A la r m s ig n a l / D S C

S A R TS e a r c h & R e s c u e R a d a r

T r a n s p o n d e r

E P I R BE m e r g e n c yP o s i t io nI n d ic a t in gR a d ioB e a c o n

A S q u a r eS h a p e a b o v eo r b e lo w aB a l l S h a p e

C o d e F la g s

‘N ’ a n d ‘C ’

R o c k e t s o r s h e l lst h r o w in gr e d s t a r sa t s h o r tin t e r v a ls

F la m e s o r S m o k eC o n t in u o u s s o u n d w i t h f o g s ig n a l

G u n o r n o is e a t1 m in u t e in t e r v a ls

M o r s e S O S b y r a d io o r a n y o t h e r s ig n a l l in g m e t h o d

O r a n g e S m o k eR e d P a r a c h u t eo r H a n d F la r e

W a v e o u t s t r e t c h e d a r m s s lo w ly u p a n d d o w n

T h e s p o k e n w o r d ‘M A Y D A Y ’ s e n t b y

r a d io t e le p h o n y

I n t e r n a t io n a l D is t r e s s S ig n a ls

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More IRPCS Test Questions

In the questions that follow, give all possible information:

Type of vessel (NUC, RAM, CBD etc)Power or sailUnder way or making wayLengthAspect (starboard, port, stern, bow)Length of tug and Length of tow

It can help to draw up a table like this, and complete all possible items

Vessel type Power / sail Length Aspect Underway Making way

Tug Tow

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You see a single white light.What is it? (3 answers)

1. The stern light of another boat

2. An anchor light

3. A light shown by a vessel < 7m and < 7 knots

eg a small motor boat or dinghy with a torch

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When does a sailing vessel on starboard tack give way to another vessel?

1. When it is overtaking boat

2. When it is to windward of another boat on starboard tack

3. When it meets another vessel which is NUC, RAM, CBD, Fishing.

4. When it meets a motor vessel which can only navigate within a narrow channel, or in a Traffic Separation Scheme.

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More Colregs Test Questions

What vessel shows the following lights?

Motor vessel

> 50m long

Bow aspect

Constrained by Draught

Under way

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Length not known

VesselNot under command

Starboard aspect

Making way

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Length not known

Vessel Trawling

Stern aspect

Making way

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Sailing Vessel

Under way

Starboard aspect

Length < 20m

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Vessel at anchor

Length > 50m

Starboard aspect

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More Collision Regs questions

Vessel towing. Length over 50m.Port side.Tow less than 200 metres long

Vessel towing, length under 50m.Starboard side

Tow over 200 metres long

What vessel carries these lights?

What vessel carries these lights?

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What is meant by the following sound signals??

Motor vessel – stopped in restricted visibilityAdditional warning – vessel anchored in restricted visibility

My engines are in astern propulsion

Pilot vessel – making way in fog

I intend to overtake to starboard

I intend to overtake to port

Affirmative

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Colregs, IRPCS

International Regulations forPreventing Collisions at Sea

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irpcs colregs test online

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