ireland - part 5 : anglo-norman in ireland

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ANGLO-NORMAN conquest of IRELAND Part 5

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ANGLO-NORMAN conquest of IRELAND

Part 5

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ENGLISH come to IRELAND

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A thousand years ago, Ireland had many kings

and they often fought each

other.

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In 1152 one Irish king, DERMOT Mac MURROUGH attacked another Irish king,

TIERNAN O’ROURKE, and took his wife.

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TIERNAN O’ROURKE, was the friend of a third king,

RORY O’CONNOR..

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In 1166

RORY

O’CONNOR

was made

king of

all Ireland.

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At this time, TIERNAN and RORY attacked DERMOT MAC MURROUGH,

but DERMOT escaped to England.

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DERMOT then asked the king of England, HENRY the SECOND, to help

him to fight RORY and TIERNAN.

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So in 1169 HENRY’s men came to Ireland and fought RORY

and TIERNAN, but HENRY’s men did not go home again.

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King HENRY’s men took more and more of the land

for themselves.

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They built cities by the sea, and big castles.

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HENRY

the SECOND

called

himself

King of England

and Ireland.

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But many Irish did not acceptthis situation.

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For the next four hundred years, English kings tried to rule Ireland from

Dublin. But it was very difficult.

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Many Irish didn’t accept to be ruled by a king and many

of them were killed.

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In 1536 the English Church changed

from Catholic to Protestant under

HENRY the VIII.

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So England became a Protestant country, but Ireland was still Catholic.

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For the Protestant English,

their King was the most important man in the Church,

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but for the Catholic Irish, the most

important man was the Pope –the leader of the Catholic Church- in Rome.

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Pope Clement VII refused to annul the first marriage of Henry VIII.

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Inspite of the refusal Henry VIII married Anne Boleyn.

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The Pope responded

to the marriage by

excommunicating Henry VIII

from the Catholic Church.

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Henry VIII led the English Parliament to pass the Act of Supremacy (1534)

that established the independent Church of England and broke the relations with the Catholic Church.

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England became protestant.

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There was a lot of fighting in Ireland about this, and usually the English won.

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The kings of England took more land from the Catholic Irish, and gave it to Protestants Englishmen and Scotsmen.

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This plan was calledthe PLANTATION of ULSTER (1609),

because much of the land was in Ulster, in the north of Ireland.

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Englishmen from London built a new town in a place called DERRY,

and called it LONDONDERRY.

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The Catholic Irish were angry about this and wanted their land back.

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In 1641 the Catholics attacked the Protestants in Ulster. They took their

houses and belongings and killed thousands of people.

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Eight years later, in 1649, OLIVER CROMWELL

took an English army to Ireland.

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OLIVER CROMWELL

was the leader of the English

after the death of

King CHARLES the FIRST.

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The English soldiers killed thousands of Catholics in a town called DROGHEDA.

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In 1685

the people

of England

and Scotland

got a new king:

JAMES the

SECOND

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JAMES the

SECOND was a

Catholic, and he was not very popular.

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Many people wanted a

different king, and in 1688 WILLIAM

of ORANGE, a Dutch

Protestant, came to England.

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WILLIAM of ORANGE was married to JAMES’s daughter MARY.

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WILLIAM

of ORANGE

wanted

to be king

of England,

Scotland

and Ireland.

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In those three countries people who wanted JAMES to be king fought

against people who wanted WILLIAM to be king.

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Most of JAMES’s friends were Catholics in Ireland. With his help,

they tried to get their land back again.

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They got most of it, but they could not get LONDONDERRY.

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When they attacked it , the Protestants ran inside the city walls

and closed the gates.

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For 105 days, the Catholic soldiers tried to get inside and kill them.

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The Protestants were cold and afraid and hungry. They ate cats and dogs and horses, but they did not open the gates.

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15,000 people died during this time, which was called

the SIEGE of DERRY.

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At last , Protestant ships came to LONDONDERRY with food and soldiers,

and the siege was over.

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After that the new Protestant English King,

WILLIAM of ORANGE, won two very important battles against the Catholics:

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The Battle of the BOYNE in 1690,and the Battle of AUGHRIM in 1691.

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The Catholic Irish didn’t fight a big battle again for 100 years.

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So for the next hundred years life was very difficult for the Catholic Irish.

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Keeping their land or going to Catholic schools or Catholic churches

was very difficult and they could not speak or vote in Parliament.

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All the important people in Ireland were Protestants, and all the big,

beautiful houses and the best farms belonged to Protestants.

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In most countries , people read about history in books;

in Ireland, history is alive today.

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Every year, Protestants in Londonderry march to remember 1688.

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In Belfast, on 12 July, Protestant Orangemen march with music and songs

about King WILLIAM of ORANGE – often called “King Billy”-

and the Battle of the BOYNE.

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Every year, Catholics are angry about these marches.

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There are many wounds. Peace is difficult to conquer.

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This striking bronze sculpture of two men reaching out to each other symbolises the spirit of reconciliation

and hope for the future

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ANGLO-NORMAN conquest of IRELAND

End of part 5