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DCN Instructor Adeel Shabbir Inroduction to IP Address Adeel Shabbir CASE 1

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Page 1: IP data networking

DCN

•Instructor •Adeel Shabbir

–Inroduction to IP Address

Adeel Shabbir CASE 1

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Adeel Shabbir CASE 5

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Adeel Shabbir CASE 6

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DECIMAL

AND

BINARY

3.1

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Figure 3-1 Decimal system

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Figure 3-2 Binary system

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CONVERSION

3.2

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Figure 3-3 Binary to decimal conversion

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Page 12: IP data networking

Example 1

Convert the binary number 10011 to decimal.

Solution

Write out the bits and their weights. Multiply the bit by its corresponding weight and record the result. At the end, add the results to get the decimal number.

Binary 1 0 0 1 1 Weights 16 8 4 2 1

------------------------------------- 16 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1 Decimal 19

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Page 13: IP data networking

Example 2

Convert the decimal number 35 to binary.

Solution

Write out the number at the right corner. Divide the number continuously by 2 and write the quotient and the remainder. The quotients move to the left, and the remainder is recorded under each quotient. Stop when the quotient is zero.

0 1 2 4 8 17 35 Dec.

Binary 1 0 0 0 1 1

13 Adeel Shabbir CASE

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Figure 3-4 Decimal to binary conversion

14 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 15: IP data networking

Decimal to Binary Conversion

97 2 quotient = 48, remainder = 1 (LSB) 48 2 quotient = 24, remainder = 0. 24 2 quotient = 12, remainder = 0. 12 2 quotient = 6, remainder = 0. 6 2 quotient = 3, remainder = 0. 3 2 quotient = 1, remainder = 1. 1 2 quotient = 0 (Stop) remainder = 1 (MSB)

Result = 1 1 0 0 0 0 12

Adeel Shabbir CASE 15

Page 16: IP data networking

Binary to Decimal Conversion

101101012

127 + 026 + 125 + 124 + 023 + 122 + 021 + 120

= 128 + 32 + 16 + 4 + 1

= 18110

Adeel Shabbir CASE 16

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421

000 0

001 1

010 2

011 3

100 4

101 5

110 6

111 7 17 Adeel Shabbir CASE

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• Consider MSB as Batch Number and other 2 Bits as Roll

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• If we have 2 bits how many combinations are possible?

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Page 20: IP data networking

Combinations

• Two Bits

22=4 range 0-3

• Three Bits

23=8 range 0-7

• Four Bits

24=16 range 0-15

20 Adeel Shabbir CASE

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421

000 0

001 1

010 2

011 3

100 4

101 5

110 6

11 7

MSB LSBs LSB Dec.

0 000 0 00 0

1 001 0 01 1

2 010 0 10 2

3 011 0 11 3

4 100 1 00 0

5 101 1 01 1

6 110 1 10 2

7 111 1 11 3

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421

000 0

001 1

010 2

011 3

100 4

101 5

110 6

11 7

MSB LSBs LSB Dec.

0 000 0 00 0

1 001 0 01 1

2 010 0 10 2

3 011 0 11 3

4 100 1 00 0

5 101 1 01 1

6 110 1 10 2

7 111 1 11 3

How many Groups???

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421

000 0

001 1

010 2

011 3

100 4

101 5

110 6

11 7

MSB LSBs LSB Dec.

0 000 0 00 0

1 001 0 01 1

2 010 0 10 2

3 011 0 11 3

4 100 1 00 0

5 101 1 01 1

6 110 1 10 2

7 111 1 11 3

How many Groups??? 2

23 Adeel Shabbir CASE

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421

000 0

001 1

010 2

011 3

100 4

101 5

110 6

11 7

MSB LSBs LSB Dec.

0 000 0 00 0

1 001 0 01 1

2 010 0 10 2

3 011 0 11 3

4 100 1 00 0

5 101 1 01 1

6 110 1 10 2

7 111 1 11 3

How many Groups??? 2 How many Persons in each Group???

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421

000 0

001 1

010 2

011 3

100 4

101 5

110 6

11 7

MSB LSBs LSB Dec.

0 000 0 00 0

1 001 0 01 1

2 010 0 10 2

3 011 0 11 3

4 100 1 00 0

5 101 1 01 1

6 110 1 10 2

7 111 1 11 3

How many Groups??? 2 How many Persons in each Group??? 4 Total students are still 8

25 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 26: IP data networking

• Now lets have a 4 Bit Number

– 0000

2 MSB for Batch and 2 LSB for Roll #

26 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 27: IP data networking

2 MSB for Batch id so 4 Batch Possible

2 LSB for Roll

So 4 Roll in

Each Batch

Total students are still 16

MSB LSBs LSB Dec. MSB Dec.

0 0000 00 00 0 0 1 0001 00 01 1 0 2 0010 00 10 2 0 3 0011 00 11 3 0 4 0100 01 00 0 1 5 0101 01 01 1 1 6 0110 01 10 2 1 7 0111 01 11 3 1 8 1000 10 00 0 2 9 1001 10 01 1 2 10 1010 10 10 2 2 11 1011 10 11 3 2 12 1100 11 00 0 3 13 1101 11 01 1 3 14 1110 11 10 2 3 15 1111 11 11 3 3 27 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 28: IP data networking

No of Bits Bits for Batch

No of Batch Roll

BRRRRRRR 1 2 128 BBRRRRRR

2 4 64

BBBRRRRR

3 8 32

BBBBRRRR

4 16 16

BBBBBRRR

5 32 8

BBBBBBRR

6 64 4

BBBBBBBR

7 128 2

BBBBBBBB

8 256 0 28 Adeel Shabbir CASE

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421

000 0

001 1

010 2

011 3

100 4

101 5

110 6

111 7 29 Adeel Shabbir CASE

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Bitwise & AND

A B A&B

0 0 0

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1

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Bitwise | OR

A B A|B

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 1

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Bitwise | XOR

A B AXORB

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0

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101

111 &

Ans 101

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110

111 &

Ans 110

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Page 35: IP data networking

Conclusion

• If we AND any thing with 1, result is same

35 Adeel Shabbir CASE

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110

000 &

Ans 000

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111

000 &

Ans 000

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011

000 &

Ans 000

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110

011 &

Ans 010

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110

101 &

Ans 100

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Conclusion

• If we AND & any thing with 0, result is always 0

• If we AND & any thing with 1, result is same

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Page 42: IP data networking

Use of Bitwise AND

• So if we Want to off some bit we can simply AND this bit with 0.

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Page 43: IP data networking

Off the Third bit

1010110

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1010110

1111011 &

Ans 1010010

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Off the second bit

1010110

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1010110

1111101 &

Ans 1010100

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Off the first 3 bits

1010110

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1010110

1111000 &

Ans 1010000

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Off the first 4 bits

1010110

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1010110 86

1110000 & 112

Ans 1010000 80

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Off the last 3 bits

1010110

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1010110 86

0001111 & 15

Ans 0000110 6

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• MASK for 3 Bit BATCH number

• 11100000(remaning Bits are Zero)

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Page 54: IP data networking

• MASK for 4 Bit BATCH number

• 11110000( remaning Bits are Zero)

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Page 55: IP data networking

MASK

• If ID Is 4 Bit long(1010)

– Batch ID is 1 Bit

• Roll # is of 3 Bit

• To get Batch ID we need to bitwise &, ID with – 1000 MASK

– ID 1010

– MASK 1000

– ANS 1000

55 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 56: IP data networking

421

000 0

001 1

010 2

011 3

100 4

101 5

110 6

11 7

NUM MASK Result

0 000 100 000 0

1 001 100 000 0

2 010 100 000 0

3 011 100 000 0

4 100 100 100 4

5 101 100 100 4

6 110 100 100 4

7 111 100 100 4

BATCH ID is 1 Bit

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Page 57: IP data networking

• Lets Consider Batch ID composed of 2 Bits

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421

000 0

001 1

010 2

011 3

100 4

101 5

110 6

11 7

NUM MASK Result DEC.

0 000 110 000 0

1 001 110 000 0

2 010 110 010 2

3 011 110 010 2

4 100 110 100 4

5 101 110 100 4

6 110 110 110 6

7 111 110 110 6

BATCH ID is 2 Bit

58 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 59: IP data networking

2 MSB for Batch id so 4 Batch Possible

2 LSB for Roll

So 4 Roll in

Each Batch

Total students are still 16

MASK MSB

0 0000 1100 0000 0

1 0001 1100 0000 0

2 0010 1100 0000 0

3 0011 1100 0000 0

4 0100 1100 0100 4

5 0101 1100 0100 4

6 0110 1100 0100 4

7 0111 1100 0100 4

8 1000 1100 1000 8

9 1001 1100 1000 8

10 1010 1100 1000 8

11 1011 1100 1000 8

12 1100 1100 1100 12

13 1101 1100 1100 12

14 1110 1100 1100 12

15 1111 1100 1100 12 59 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 60: IP data networking

CONCLUSION

60 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 61: IP data networking

No of Bits Bits for Batch

MASK MASK Dec.

Result

BRRRRRRR 1 10000000 128 B0000000

BBRRRRRR

2 11000000 192 BB000000

BBBRRRRR

3 11100000 224 BBB00000

BBBBRRRR

4 11110000 240 BBBB0000

BBBBBRRR

5 11111000 248 BBBBB000

BBBBBBRR

6 11111100 252 BBBBBB00

BBBBBBBR

7 11111110 254 BBBBBBB0

BBBBBBBB

8 11111111 255 BBBBBBBB 61 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 62: IP data networking

• Now consider we have ID of 4 bytes

4 Bytes=32 Bits

Total Combinations??

62 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 63: IP data networking

• Now consider we have ID of 4 bytes

4 Bytes=32 Bits

Total Combinations??

2^32= 4294967296

63 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 64: IP data networking

• Lets Consider we Need two Batch ID

• How many students are Possible in Each Batch

• 2^31= 2147483648

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Page 65: IP data networking

• Lets Consider we Need 4 Batch ID

• How many students are Possible in Each Batch

• 2^30= 1073741824

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total Bits Bits for Batch No of Batch Bits for Roll total Roll

32 1 2 31 2147483648

32 2 4 30 1073741824

32 3 8 29 536870912

32 4 16 28 268435456

32 5 32 27 134217728

32 6 64 26 67108864

32 7 128 25 33554432

32 8 256 24 16777216

32 9 512 23 8388608

32 10 1024 22 4194304

32 11 2048 21 2097152

32 12 4096 20 1048576

32 13 8192 19 524288

32 14 16384 18 262144

32 15 32768 17 131072 66 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 67: IP data networking

total Bits Bits for Batch No of Batch Bits for Roll total Roll

32 1 2 31 2147483648

32 2 4 30 1073741824

32 3 8 29 536870912

32 4 16 28 268435456

32 5 32 27 134217728

32 6 64 26 67108864

32 7 128 25 33554432

32 8 256 24 16777216

32 9 512 23 8388608

32 10 1024 22 4194304

32 11 2048 21 2097152

32 12 4096 20 1048576

32 13 8192 19 524288

32 14 16384 18 262144

32 15 32768 17 131072

32 16 65536 16 65536

32 17 131072 15 32768

32 18 262144 14 16384

32 19 524288 13 8192

32 20 1048576 12 4096

32 21 2097152 11 2048

32 22 4194304 10 1024

32 23 8388608 9 512

32 24 16777216 8 256

32 25 33554432 7 128

32 26 67108864 6 64

32 27 134217728 5 32

32 28 268435456 4 16

32 29 536870912 3 8

32 30 1073741824 2 4

32 31 2147483648 1 2

32 32 4294967296 0 1

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total Bits Bits for Batch No of Batch Bits for Roll total Roll

32 1 2 31 2147483648

32 2 4 30 1073741824

32 3 8 29 536870912

32 4 16 28 268435456

32 5 32 27 134217728

32 6 64 26 67108864

32 7 128 25 33554432

32 8 256 24 16777216

32 9 512 23 8388608

32 10 1024 22 4194304

32 11 2048 21 2097152

32 12 4096 20 1048576

32 13 8192 19 524288

32 14 16384 18 262144

32 15 32768 17 131072

32 16 65536 16 65536

32 17 131072 15 32768

32 18 262144 14 16384

32 19 524288 13 8192

32 20 1048576 12 4096

32 21 2097152 11 2048

32 22 4194304 10 1024

32 23 8388608 9 512

32 24 16777216 8 256

32 25 33554432 7 128

32 26 67108864 6 64

32 27 134217728 5 32

32 28 268435456 4 16

32 29 536870912 3 8

32 30 1073741824 2 4

32 31 2147483648 1 2

32 32 4294967296 0 1

68 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 69: IP data networking

MASK

• BBBBBBBB.RRRRRRRR. RRRRRRRR. RRRRRRRR

• 11111111. 00000000. 00000000.00000000

• 255. 0. 0. 0

69 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 70: IP data networking

• Lets Consider ID as 4 Byte Long

– Batch ID is 1 Byte Long

– Roll # is 3 Bytes Long

– BBBBBBBB.RRRRRRRR. RRRRRRRR. RRRRRRRR

– MASK???

70 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 71: IP data networking

MASK

• BBBBBBBB.RRRRRRRR. RRRRRRRR. RRRRRRRR

• 11111111. 00000000. 00000000.00000000

• 255. 0. 0. 0

71 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 72: IP data networking

• Lets Consider ID as 4 Byte Long

– Batch ID is 2 Bytes Long

– Roll # is 2 Bytes Long

– MASK???

72 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 73: IP data networking

MASK

• BBBBBBBB. BBBBBBBB. RRRRRRRR.RRRRRRRR

• 11111111. 11111111. 00000000.00000000

• 255. 255. 0. 0

73 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 74: IP data networking

• Lets Consider ID as 4 Byte Long

– Batch ID is 3 Bytes Long

– Roll # is 1 Byte Long

– MASK???

74 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 75: IP data networking

MASK

• BBBBBBBB. BBBBBBBB. BBBBBBBB.RRRRRRRR

• 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.00000000

• 255. 255. 255. 0

75 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 76: IP data networking

• How many Bits for Network ID

Adeel Shabbir CASE 76

Page 77: IP data networking

MASK

• BBBBBBBB. RRRRRRRR. RRRRRRRR. RRRRRRRR

• 11111111. 00000000. 00000000. 00000000

• 255. 0. 0. 0

• 8

77 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 78: IP data networking

MASK

• BBBBBBBB.BBRRRRRR.RRRRRRRR.RRRRRRRR

• 11111111. 110000000. 00000000. 00000000

• 255. 192. 0. 0

78 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 79: IP data networking

MASK

• BBBBBBBB.BBRRRRRR.RRRRRRRR.RRRRRRRR

• 11111111. 110000000. 00000000. 00000000

• 255. 192. 0. 0

• 10

79 Adeel Shabbir CASE

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MASK

• 11111111. 111000000. 00000000. 00000000

• 255 .224 . 0. 0

• 11

80 Adeel Shabbir CASE

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MASK

• 255 .255 . 192. 0

• 18

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MASK

• 255 .255 . 224. 0

• 19

82 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 83: IP data networking

Conclusion

• Now You Know what is ID

• Now You Know what is Batch ID

• Now You Know what is Roll

• Now You Know what is MASK

• Now you Know How to calculate MASK

• Now You Know how to Get the Batch ID

• Now you Know How to get roll Number from an ID.

83 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 84: IP data networking

IP addressing: introduction

84 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 85: IP data networking

IP addressing: introduction

A

Q

K

I D

B

r

85 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 86: IP data networking

IP addressing: introduction

A

B

C

D E

F

G

86 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 87: IP data networking

IP addressing: introduction

1.1

1.2

1.3

2.1 2.2

3.2

3.1

2.3 2.4

3.3

3.4 1.4

87 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 88: IP data networking

• 3 networks

• Each has 4 Nodes

• So we need at least 2 bits to represent Network ID and 3 Bits to represent nodes

88 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 89: IP data networking

what is Possible Range

•00XX

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Page 90: IP data networking

• 0000 0

• 0001 1

• 0010 2

• 0011 3

90 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 91: IP data networking

what is Possible Range

•01XX

91 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 92: IP data networking

• 0100 4

• 0101 5

• 0110 6

• 0111 7

92 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 93: IP data networking

what is Possible Range

•10XX

93 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 94: IP data networking

• 1000 8

• 1001 9

• 1010 10

• 1011 11

94 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 95: IP data networking

what is Possible Range

•11XX

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Page 96: IP data networking

• 1100 12

• 1101 13

• 1110 14

• 1111 15

96 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 97: IP data networking

Class Leftmost bits Start address Finish address

A 0xxx 0.0.0.0 127.255.255.255

B 10xx 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255

C 110x 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255

D 1110 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255

E 1111 240.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

97 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 98: IP data networking

Class A

0. 0. 0. 0 = 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000

127.255.255.255 = 01111111.11111111.11111111.11111111

0nnnnnnn.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH

Class B

128. 0. 0. 0 = 10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000

191.255.255.255 = 10111111.11111111.11111111.11111111

10nnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH

Class C

192. 0. 0. 0 = 11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000

223.255.255.255 = 11011111.11111111.11111111.11111111

110nnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.HHHHHHHH

Class D

224. 0. 0. 0 = 11100000.00000000.00000000.00000000

239.255.255.255 = 11101111.11111111.11111111.11111111

1110XXXX.XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX

Class E

240. 0. 0. 0 = 11110000.00000000.00000000.00000000

255.255.255.255 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111

1111XXXX.XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX 98 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 99: IP data networking

Class A Network In a Class A Network binary address start with 0, therefore the decimal number can be anywhere from 1 to 126. The first 8 bits (the first octet) identify the network and the remaining 24 bits indicate the host within the network. An example of a Class A IP address is 102.168.212.226, where "102" identifies the network and "168.212.226" identifies the host on that network.

99 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 100: IP data networking

• Class B Network

• In a Class B Network, binary addresses start with 10, therefore the decimal number can be anywhere from 128 to 191. The number 127 is reserved for loopback and is used for internal testing on the local machine. The first 16 bits (the first two octets) identify the network and the remaining 16 bits indicate the host within the network. An example of a Class B IP address is 168.212.226.204 where "168.212" identifies the network and "226.204" identifies the host on that network.

100 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 101: IP data networking

• Class C Network

• Binary addresses start with 110, therefore the decimal number can be anywhere from 192 to 223. The first 24 bits (the first three octets) identify the network and the remaining 8 bits indicate the host within the network. An example of a Class C IP address is 200.168.212.226 where "200.168.212" identifies the network and "226" identifies the host on that network.

101 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 102: IP data networking

• Class D Network

• In a Class D Network, binary addresses start with 1110, therefore the decimal number can be anywhere from 224 to 239. Class D networks are used to support multicasting.

102 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 103: IP data networking

• Class E Network

• In a Class E Network, binary addresses start with 1111, therefore the decimal number can be anywhere from 240 to 255. Class E networks are used for experimentation. They have never been documented or utilized in a standard way.

103 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 104: IP data networking

10.12.12.12

• What is class of this IP address

104 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 105: IP data networking

• Class A

105 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 106: IP data networking

110.12.12.12

• What is class of this IP address

106 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 107: IP data networking

• Class A

107 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 108: IP data networking

130.12.12.12

• What is class of this IP address

108 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 109: IP data networking

• Class B

109 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 110: IP data networking

199.12.12.12

• What is class of this IP address

110 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 111: IP data networking

• Class C

111 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 112: IP data networking

127.12.12.12

• What is class of this IP address

112 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 113: IP data networking

• Class A

113 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 114: IP data networking

128.12.12.12

• What is class of this IP address

114 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 115: IP data networking

• Class B

115 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 116: IP data networking

191.12.12.12

• What is class of this IP address

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Page 117: IP data networking

• Class B

117 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 118: IP data networking

192.12.12.12

• What is class of this IP address

118 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 119: IP data networking

• Class A

• Class C is the true answer

119 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 120: IP data networking

223.12.12.12

• What is class of this IP address

120 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 121: IP data networking

• Class c

121 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 122: IP data networking

224.12.12.12

• What is class of this IP address

122 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 123: IP data networking

• Class D

123 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 124: IP data networking

239.12.12.12

• What is class of this IP address

124 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 125: IP data networking

• Class D

125 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 126: IP data networking

240.12.12.12

• What is class of this IP address

126 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 127: IP data networking

• Class E

127 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 128: IP data networking

10.12.12.12

• What is MASK of this IP address

128 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 129: IP data networking

• Class A

• So MASk

• 255.0.0.0

• 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000

129 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 130: IP data networking

135.12.12.12

• What is MASK of this IP address

130 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 131: IP data networking

• Class B

• So MASk

• 255.255.0.0

• 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000

131 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 132: IP data networking

193.12.12.12

• What is MASK of this IP address

132 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 133: IP data networking

• Class C

• So MASk

• 255.255.255.0

• 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

133 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 134: IP data networking

11111111.11111111.00000000.0000000

• THIS MASK IS FOR WHICH CLASS

134 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 135: IP data networking

• CLASS B

135 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 136: IP data networking

11111111. 00000000.00000000.0000000

• THIS MASK IS FOR WHICH CLASS

136 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 137: IP data networking

• CLASS A

137 Adeel Shabbir CASE

Page 138: IP data networking

11111111. 00000000.00000000.0000000

• THIS MASK IS FOR WHICH CLASS

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Page 139: IP data networking

Adeel Shabbir CASE 139

Page 140: IP data networking

Subneting

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