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IOT BASED AUTOMATIC DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Ameya Bhale, Suryakant Sawant, Surya Durbha, J.Adinarayana
Centre of Studies in Resources Engineering
IIT Bombay, Powai,
Mumbai-400076,
1. INTRODUCTION
Irrigation is heart of agriculture, and is used to assist growing crops in the fields during the
inadequate rainfall period. Irrigation is one of the areas in agriculture domain where
Information, communication and dissemination technologies (ICDTs) can be employed to
open up new exciting directions for research and business [1]. Drip irrigation in particular has
the potential to change the way the farms are irrigated if employed with ICDTs [2]. For this
purpose design and development of IoT middleware for remote, anytime monitoring and
management of smart drip irrigation system is proposed. The system calculates the crop water
requirement for the farm based on soil moisture, humidity and other sensor values. These
values are used to decide and control the amount of water required to supply through valves
and then to drippers. The smart automatic drip irrigation system based on Internet of Things
is a new mode to ensure smart farming practices for irrigation purpose. Drip irrigation is an
irrigation method that saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots
of plants, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root zone through a network of
valves, pipes, tubing and emitters [3]. The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm aims to bring
intelligent interconnection of objects in the physical world through information gathering and
dissemination devices such as sensors connected to internet using network protocol and
information systems [4]. Drip irrigation by automation helps the farmers to apply right
amount of water at right time and place regardless of availability of labour. IoT technology
has diverse applications for connecting devices and making smart decision that have societal
applications. Implementing drip irrigation through IoT technology has a wide potential to
improve the way farms are currently irrigated. Making use of open hardware system for
implementing smart drip irrigation enables changes in the system easily if needed. An IoT
prototype testbed has been developed to demonstrate precision irrigation.
Objective: 1.) Design and development of a prototype IOT test bed for automated smart drip
irrigation system using open hardware platform (Arduino, Xbee, Raspberry-pi) for citrus crop
water management.
2.) To design and develop middleware and android based client application for remote,
anytime monitoring and management of the drip irrigation system.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Smart drip irrigation system consists of numerous hardware devices communicating with
each other: Base station communicating with actuator node to turn it ON/OFF. Actuator node
has relay and electromechanical valve connected to microcontroller unit that is used for
actuating the valves. This microcontroller unit as a thing communicates with base station as a
thing in smart irrigation system. Hardware devices used in the framework are Arduino board,
Raspberry-pi, relays, solenoid valves and irrigation equipments consists of drippers, laterals,
pipes, pressure gauge are used. Software tools required to implement the smart irrigation
system are arduino IDE, serial libraries of arduino JAVA for android, Sensor modelling
language and postgreSQL for database.
The overall system architecture is depicted in figure 2.1
Figure 2.1 Overall architecture of the system
The overall system architecture depicts the idea of smart drip irrigation system. The
actuator/node is controlled by the microcontroller being placed at irrigation system. That in
turn communicates with the base station through Xbee module wirelessly.
3. IOT TESTBED
The proposed test bed is a platform for experimentation and will serve for large development
project in future. In future it will allow transparent and replicable testing of scientific
theories. Figure 3.1 depicts the IoT test bed for smart irrigation system.
Figure 3.1 IoT Testbed
It consists of base station, actuator node and irrigation module. Base station has battery
enabled single board computer that communicates with node/ actuator device through XBee
radio. The actuator node consists of microcontroller and a battery. This microcontroller is
programmed to perform actuation of valves based on input from the base station. Base station
has the database that stores the information regarding status of all the valves and is also
equipped with decision support system that calculates crop water requirement for the region
to be irrigated. The decision for actuating the electromagnetic valves is based on when some
area of the field is found to be in stress condition due to soil moisture, temperature, humidity,
solar radiation or combination of them.
4. PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Preliminary result includes controlling the solenoid valves through computer wirelessly using
zigbee modules. Solenoid valves can be operated wirelessly and can be opened up for any
time interval based on arduino code written on the microcontroller.
5. FUTURE WORK
Future work includes developing a decision support system that will take sensor values as
input and would trigger the electromagnetic solenoid valves based on crop water requirement
equations. Further this decision support system can be accessed through an android phone.
6. REFERENCES
[1] Sanbo Li, Application of the internet of things technology in precision agriculture
irrigation systems, 2012 International Conference on Computer Science and Service System
[2] Simon Berkovich, Physical World as an Internet of Things, The George Washington
University Department of Computer Science Washington, DC 20052 USA
[3]Yuxi Liu,Guohui Zhou , Key technologies and application of Internet of Things. 2012
Fifth International conference on Intelligent Computational Technology and Automation
[4] Chonggang Wang, Mahmoud Daneshmand, Mischa Dohler, Xufei Mao, Subhas Chandra
Mukhopadhyay, Guest Editorial Special Issue on Internet of Things (IoT): Architecture,
Protocols and Services, IEEE SENSORS,JOURNAL, VOL. 13, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2013
.