Invertebrates

Porifera (Sponges)

CIRCULATION: NoneRESPIRATION: NoneDIGESTIVE: Collar cells and amebocytesREPRODUCTION: Budding, Regeneration, GremmulesEXCRETION: NoneNERVOUS: NoneSKELETAL: SpiculesMUSCULAR: None

FEEDING: Filter feederGROUPS: Demospongiae Calcarea Hexactinellida

CnidariansCIRCULATION: NoneRESPIRATION: NoneDIGESTIVE: Gastrovascular cavityREPRODUCTION: Budding, Regeneration, Production of sperm and eggsEXRECTION: NoneNERVOUS: Nerve net found in the mesogleaSKELETAL: NoneMUSCULAR: Muscle Cells

FEEDING: Nematocyst penetrate prey and digestion happens in the gastrovascular cavityGROUPS: Hydrozoa (Jellyfish) Scyphozoa (Jellyfish) Cubozoa (Jellyfish) Anthazoa (Anemone)

Polyp & Medusa

Platyhelminthes

CIRCULATION: NoneRESPIRATION: NoneDIGESTIVE: Mouth, pharynx and a gastrovascular cavityREPRODUCTION: Regeneration, HermaphroditicEXCRETION: Flame cells & mouthNERVOUS: Ladder-like nervous systemSKELETAL: NoneMUSCULAR: Muscle Cells

FEEDING: Heterotrophic-eat dead or slow moving organisms.GROUPS: Turballarians (Nudibranch) Tremadotes (Tapeworm) Cestodes (Flatworm)

Nematoda (Roundworms)

CIRCULATION: NoneRESPIRATION: NoneDIGESTIVE: Mouth, intestine, anusREPRODUCTION: Separate sexesEXCRETION: Excretory tubules and excretory poreNERVOUS: Circular brain and several longitudinal nerve cordsSKELETAL: NoneMUSCULAR: Longitudinal muscles

FEEDING: Heterotroph, Parasitic (most are parasitic), Detritivore GROUPS: Trichinella (trichinosis-

eating raw/uncooked pork or wild game)

Hook worms Ascarid worms Pinworms Filarial worms Nematodes

Annelida (Segmented Worms)

CIRCULATION: Closed system Aortic arches Dorsal and ventral blood vesselsRESPIRATION: SkinDIGESTIVE: Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard (sac with hard particles that grind soil), intestine, anusREPRODUCTION: HermaphroditicEXCRETION: Nephridia: 2 per segmentNERVOUS: Ventral nerve cord with a small anterior brainSKELETAL: NoneMUSCULAR: Longitudinal and circular muscles

FEEDING: Heterotrophic & Parasitic GROUPS: Earthworms Marine Annalids Leeches

MolluscaCIRCULATION: Open System with a dorsal heart and sinusesRESPIRATION: GillsDIGESTIVE: Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, intestine, anusREPRODUCTION: SexualEXCRETION: NephridiaNERVOUS: Brain and ventral nerve cordSKELETAL: Some contain shellsMUSKULAR: Anterior and Posterior adductor muscles

FEEDING: Herbivore (use radula), Carnivorous, & Filter Feeder GROUPS: Gastropods (Snails) Bivalves (Oyster, Clam,

Mussel) Cephalopods (Octopus,

Squid, Cuttlefish)

ArthropodaCIRCULATION: Open system with a dorsal heart and sinusesRESPIRATION: Gills, Tracheal system, book lungsDIGESTIVE: Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, intestine, anusREPRODUCTION: Sexual: hermaphroditic, separate sexes, some parthenogenicEXCRETION: Malpighian tubules, green glandsNERVOUS: Anterior brain and a ventral nerve cordSKELETAL: Exoskeleton made of chitinMUSCULAR: Complex muscular system

FEEDING: Herbivores, Carnivores, Filter Feeders, Omnivores, or Parasitic GROUPS: Crustaceans (crab, lobster, shrimp) Spiders Ticks, Mites, Scorpions Horseshoe Crab Insects

Metamorphosis

Echinodermata

Invertebrate Chordates

Vertebrates

FishCIRCULATION: Single loop; two-chambered heartRESPIRATION: Breathe with gillsDIGESTIVE: Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Cecum, Gall Bladder, Liver, Pancreas, Intestine, AnusREPRODUCTION: Have either internal or external fertilizationEXCRETION: Kidneys and cloacaNERVOUS: Developed brain & nervous systemSKELETAL: Bone and/or Cartilage

ECTOTHERMSEXT. COVERING: ScalesEVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT: Jaws & paired finsFEEDING: Herbivores, omnivores, parasites, filter feeders, detritivoresMOVEMENT: Motile Many bony fish have a swim bladder

that adjusts their buoyancy Have paired fins & lateral line

system to detect movement & vibration

GROUPS: Jawless fish: lampreys & hagfish Cartilaginous fish: (Chrondrichthyes)

sharks, skates, rays Bony fish: (Osteichthyes) most fish

species

AmphibiansCIRCULATION: Double loop; 3-chambered heartRESPIRATION: Gills to lungsDIGESTIVE: Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Pancreas, Large Intestine, CloacaREPRODUCTION: Rely on water for breeding & egg development

Most go through metamorphosis

EXCRETION: Kidneys and cloacaNERVOUS: Developed brain & nervous system.

Nictitating membrane: protects eyes. Tympanic membrane: located on side

of head; picks up vibration & sends to inner ear.

SKELETAL: Bone

ECTOTHERMSEXT. COVERING: Thin moist skinEVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT: Ability to live out of water; Efficient movement; Lungs & breastbone (adults).FEEDING: Herbivores (tadpoles) & carnivores (adults).MOVEMENT: Motile; 4 legs, 2 legs, & leglessGROUPS: Caudata – Newts & salamanders Anura – Frogs & toads. Apoda – Legless caecilians.

Metamorphosis

ReptilesCIRCULATION: Double-looped; 3-chambered heart; except crocodiles, 4-chambered heartRESPIRATION: All have lungsDIGESTIVE: Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Liver, Small Intestine, Pancreas, Large Intestine, CloacaREPRODUCTION: Amniotic egg provides nourishment to embryo & protects it from drying outEXCRETION: Kidneys; water conserving excretory systemNERVOUS: Developed brain & nervous systemSKELETAL: Bone

ECTOTHERMSEXT. COVERING: Dry, scaly skin & clawed toesEVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT: Internal fertilization & lay eggsFEEDING: Herbivores, carnivores, & omnivoresMOVEMENT: Motile; 4 legs somewhat under body (except snakes)GROUPS: Squamata: Lizards & snakes Crocodilians: Crocodiles Testudines: Turtles & tortoises Tuataras: Lizardlike

Amniotic Egg

BIRDS (AVES)

CIRCULATION: Double-loop, 4-chambered heart

RESPIRATION: Multiple air sacsDIGESTIVE: Beak, Esophagus, Crop, Stomach, Liver, Gizzard, Intestine, Pancreas, Cloaca

REPRODUCTION: Lay amniotic eggs & incubate their eggs

EXCRETION: Kidneys, similar to reptiles

NERVOUS: Developed brain & nervous system

SKELETAL: Hollow Bones

ENDOTHERMEXT. COVERING: Feathers keep birds warm (down) & streamline them for flight (contour)EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT: Endothermy; FeathersFEEDING: Herbivore, Carnivore, DetritivoresMOVEMENT: 2 legs for walking & perching;

front limbs modified into wings Strong chest musclesGROUPS: Birds of prey: hawks, Song

birds: canary; Flightless birds: ostriches; Aquatic birds: herons & pelicans; Parrots; Cavity-nesting birds

MammalsCIRCULATION: Double-looped; 4-chambered heartRESPIRATION: Diaphragm beneath the lungs to help deliver O2

DIGESTIVE: Insectivore, Nonruminant herbivore, Ruminant Herbivore, & Carnivore REPRODUCTION: Internal fertilization; live birthsEXCRETION: Kidneys maintain homeostasis; cloaca no longer presentNERVOUS: Developed brain & nervous system; some color visionSKELETAL: Bone and Cartilage

ENDOTHERM

EXT. COVERING: Most have fur or thick blubber for insulation

EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT: Hair/fur; Mammary glands: feed young

milk; Complex lower jaw; Distinctive limbs and backbone

FEEDING: Mammals can be classified by the number & type of teeth

MOVEMENT: Motile: 4 legs, 2 legs, some fly, some swim

GROUPS: Monotremes: mammals that lay eggs; duck-

billed platypus. Marsupial: mammals young complete 2nd

state of development in a pouch; kangaroos & opossums.

Placental mammals: Placental mammals carry their young inside the uterus until development is nearly complete. Young nourished through placenta

Endotherm

Ectotherm