inventures technologies overview of site remediation technologies gas infusion systems for...

inVenturesTechnologies

Overview of Site Remediation Technologies

Gas inFusion Systems for Groundwater Remediation

Jim Begley

inVentures Technologies Inc. (iTi)

“Offering you the finest environmental contracting services, products & remedial technologies available”

Contact: Craig Marlow 8248 Hidden Forest Drive, Holland, Ohio 43528

Phone 419.867.8966 Fax 419.867.8976Cell 419.349.7970 Email [email protected]

Represented By:

mailto:[email protected]

www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com TechnologiesinVentures

Presentation

• Introduction to Gas inFusion technology

• Bioremediation Alternatives

• iSOC system design

• gPRO Systems for active gas infusion and enhanced

NAPL recovery


iTi Gas inFusion™ Technology

Mass-transfer of gasses to groundwater w/out sparging

Microporous Hollow Fiber


Mass Transfer- Gas to Liquid

• Solubility– Driving force unique to each gas

• Interfacial Surface – Pathway for gas molecules to contact

liquid

Gas inFusion Technology Provides Large Interfacial Surface


Dissolved Gas Conditions

• Saturation– The condition of a liquid with the maximum possible

stable quantity of a solute at a specific temperature and pressure

• Supersaturation– An unstable condition of a solution with a solute at a

concentration exceeding saturation

Gas inFusion Technology can achieve saturated and supersaturated conditions


iSOC® Technology

iSOC® – in situ Submerged Oxygen Curtain—innovative gas delivery technology

Microporous Hollow Fiber

iSOC provides large interfacial surface area as a pathway for gas molecules to contact and dissolve in groundwater


iSOC Unit

Gas inFusion Well

Typical iSOC Well Schematic

Contaminated GroundwaterTreatment Zone

Groundwater Flow

Gas Supply

Regulator and Manifold

inFusion Well Screen(High Flow Screen) typically 0.010 to 0.030 slot width

Water Table

Well Sump (~ 1 ft below iSOC)

Filter

Valve BoxTubing

Lifting Line

Grout Seal

Sand/Gravel Pack


iSOC System


HiSOC® Hydrogen Gas Hose Connection


gPRO HP Active Dissolved Gas Substrate Delivery


gPRO HP w/ Oxygen Generator


Mobile gPRO HP Setup


gPRO Gas inFusion SystemWater Supply

Gas Supply

gPRO HP Modules (multiple modules in series and parallel)

Injection Pump

Injection Wells


Remedial Applications• Passive and Active in situ bioremediation

– Oxygen for aerobic treatment– Oxygen and cometabolic substrates (alkane and alkene gases)

for lower chlorinated compounds, 1,4-dioxane, NDMA– Hydrogen for reductive dechlorination of chlorinated solvents,

denitrification and perchlorate reduction

• Abiotic Geochemical Fixation of metals (H2 and O2)

• pH adjustment with CO2

• NAPL recovery enhancement with CO2 Saturated Water

Injection (SWI)


Bioremediation –Microbes at WorkConceptual The Real Thing


Direct Aerobic Groundwater Bioremediation

• Soil microorganisms are stimulated to degrade

contaminants of concern

• Oxygen is the preferred electron acceptor

• Contaminant is the food

• Products are biomass, carbon dioxide and

water


CO2 and energy

O2H2O

Direct Aerobic Treatment

Breathing

EatingHydrocarbons solvents e.g. VC

Gas


Aerobic Treatment of Petroleum in Groundwater

• Process requires a balanced source of

macronutrients carbon:nitrogen:phosphate

(C100:N10:P2)

• Hydrocarbon is the carbon source for energy

and growth of biomass

• Every gram of BTEX requires 3.14 grams

oxygen for complete degradation


Anaerobic dehalorespiring bacteria (Dehalococcoides ethenogenes) use H2 as electraon donor (food) and chlorinated solvents (e.g. PCE) as an electron acceptor (breathing PCE)

20 grams of PCE can be degraded with 1 gram of H2

Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination


Most Oxidized

Most Reduced

C=CHH

CLCL

C=CHCL

HH

C=CCLCL

CLCL

C=CHH

HH

C=CCLCL

CLH


Energy Electron donor (H2)

Ethene

Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination

Eating

BreathingPCE, TCE


Aerobic Cometabolic Oxidation of Lower Chlorinated Solvents (TCE,

DCE, VC)

• Bacteria use a continuous supply of oxygen as the electron acceptor

• A cometabolic substrate (e.g. alkane gas) is supplied as a growth substrate (electron donor)


Aerobic Cometabolic Oxidation

• Cometabolic substrate induces the production of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of TCE, DCE and VC (lower CAHs)

• Bacteria gain energy from the cometabolic substrate, not from the chlorinated solvent


From EPA July 2000

Aerobic Cometabolic Treatment

Eating

Breathing

CO2 and energy Cometabolic substrate(Alkane gas)

O2H2O

Alcohols and organic acids

inVenturesTechnologies

Example DesigniSOC Plume Biobarrier

System

`

Con

cent

ratio

n

Distance

MW-X

MW

-X

MW-Y

MW

-Y

iSOC Treatment Zone

GW-Flow


iSOC Area of Influence and Treatment Zone

0 mg/L

5 mg/L

10 mg/L

Hi O2effect

Low O2effect

Oxygen Demand Satisfied (blue)

High Oxygen Demand (red)

0 mg/L

5 mg/L

10 mg/L

Hi O2effect

Low O2effect

Oxygen Demand Satisfied (blue)

High Oxygen Demand (red)


Key Design Information

• Site hydrogeologic data

• Contaminant concentration and distribution

• Groundwater geochemistry and nutrients

• Biological parameters

• Remedial objectives

• Access limitations


Site Groundwater Flow


Extent of Groundwater Contamination

Source Area

Receptor Stream


Problem Statement

• Wells containing dissolved petroleum constituents exceeding their respective RBSLs (MW-1, MW-4, MW-8, MW-11, MW-15, MW-17, and MW-19)

• Surface water samples from Salt Creek downgradient indicated the presence of MTBE (main concern)


Evaluation of Oxygen DemandArea and Hydrogeology

1. Treatment Zone Physical Dimensions Values Range UnitsLength (Perpendicular to predominant groundwater flow direction) 70 1-10,000 feet

Width (Parallel to predominant groundwater flow) 140 1-1,000 feet

Saturated Thickness 15 1-100 feet

Treatment Zone Cross Sectional Area 1050 -- ft2

Treatment Zone Volume 147,000 -- ft3

Treatment Zone Total Pore Volume (total volume x total porosity) 329,956 -- gallons

Treatment Zone Effective Groundwater Volume (total volume x effective porosity) 329,956 -- gallonsDesign Period of Performance 1 .5 to 5 year

2. Treatment Zone Hydrogeologic PropertiesTotal Porosity 0.3 .05-50Effective Porosity 0.3 .05-50Average Aquifer Hydraulic Conductivity 5 .01-1000 ft/dayAverage Hydraulic Gradient 0.025 0.1-0.0001 ft/ftAverage Groundwater Seepage Velocity through the Treatment Zone 0.42 -- ft/dayAverage Groundwater Seepage Velocity through the Treatment Zone 152.1 -- ft/yrAverage Groundwater Flux through the Treatment Zone 358,435 -- gallons/yearSoil Bulk Density 1.7 1.4-2.0 gm/cm3

Soil Fraction Organic Carbon (foc) 0.005 0.0001-0.1


Evaluation of Oxygen DemandAqueous and Sorbed CoCs

3. Initial Treatment Cell Oxygen Demand (one total pore volume)

A. Aqueous-Phase Inorganic Demand Concentration MassStoichiometric

demandOxygen Demand

(mg/L) (lb) (wt/wt O2) (lb)

Dissolved Manganese ( Mn (II)) 0.000 0.00 1.0 0.00Dissolved Iron (Fe II) 0.000 0.00 1.0 0.00

Aqueous Phase Inorganic Oxygen Demand Demand (lb.) 0.00(kg) 0.00

B. Aqueous Phase Organic Oxygen Demand Demand (lb.) Concentration MassStoichiometric

demandOxygen Demand

(mg/L) (lb) (wt/wtO2) (lb)

Benzene 0.150 0.41 3.5 1.45Toluene 0.018 0.05 3.5 0.17

Ethylbenzene 0.120 0.33 3.5 1.16Xylenes 0.030 0.08 3.5 0.29MTBE 0.012 0.03 3.5 0.12Mineral Oil/TPH 0.500 1.38 3.5 4.82

Aqueous Phase Organic Oxygen Demand Demand (lb.) 8.00

(kg) 3.63

C. Sorbed Phase Organic Oxygen Demand Demand (lb.) Koc Soil Conc. MassStoichiometric

demandOxygen Demand

(Soil Concentration = Koc x foc x Cgw) (mL/g) (mg/kg) (lb) (wt/wtO2) (lb)

Benzene 83 0.06 0.97 3.5 3.40Toluene 135 0.01 0.19 3.5 0.66Ethylbenzene 95 0.06 0.89 3.5 3.11Xylenes 240 0.04 0.56 3.5 1.97

MTBE 12 0.00 0.01 3.5 0.04Mineral Oil/TPH/TOC 180 0.45 7.02 3.5 24.58

Total Sorbed Organic Oxygen Demand (lb.) 33.76(kg) 15.31

Total Aqueous and Adsorbed Demand Total Oxygen Demand (lb.) 41.8(kg) 18.94


Evaluation of Oxygen DemandAqueous and Sorbed CoCs

4. Soluble Flux of Oxygen Demand Concentration MassStoichiometric

demandOxygen Demand

(mg/L) (lb) (wt/wt O2) (lb)

Benzene 0.150 0.45 3.5 1.57Toluene 0.018 0.05 3.5 0.19Ethylbenzene 0.120 0.36 3.5 1.26

Xylenes 0.030 0.09 3.5 0.31MTBE 0.012 0.04 3.5 0.13Mineral Oil/TPH 0.500 1.50 3.5 5.23Dissolved Manganese ( Mn (II)) 0.000 0.00 1.0 0.00Dissolved Iron (Fe II) 0.000 0.00 1.0 0.00

Total Soluble Contaminant Electron Acceptor Demand Flux (lb./yr) 8.69

Total Oxygen Flux Demand (lb/yr) 13.0(kg/yr) 5.9

Total Oxygen Flux Demand (lb/day) 0.036Total Oxygen Flux Demand (g/day) 16

kg/day 0.016


Gas Supply and Delivery RateOxygen Cylinder Life and Production Rates

*data in cells highlighted in green can be changed

ft

psi

Your Water Pressure (psig)Total Pressure (atm)System Oxygen Flow 19.7 standard cc/min

max deviation (95% C.I.) 1.733495898 standard cc/min

Oxygen Oxygen Cylinder Volume (ft3) (pounds)

250 21

200 17

80 7

Max Dissolved Oxygen @ Y depth (ppm) 53

Oxygen Production Rate (Grams / Day) 308.0

9

Actual Cylinder Life for Y iSOCs

26

20

Depth of H2O to Unit (ft)Number of of iSOCs

Oxygen Regulator Setting (psi)

9

41.3

10

50


Treatment Layout• Orientation and spacing based on groundwater

flow and oxygen demand • 15 to 20 ft crossgradient spacing in two fences

– 4 treatment well line downgradient to protect receptor stream

– 5 treatment wells to address oxygen demand in the target area

– Anticipated period of operation to address oxygen demand (3 years)

• Longer term operation required to maintain cut off without source remediation


iSOC Well Layout

Proposed iSOC Treatment Wells

Treatment Shed

70 feet


What about the source area?

• High hydrocarbon concentrations indicated the presence of possible residual hydrocarbon saturation or trapped LNAPL

• Alternative technologies were more appropriate for the source area in the given time frame for remediation


Example Case Study:gPRO HP Oxygen Gas

inFusion and Subsurface Delivery


Field Trial Plan

Field trials were designed to evaluate:• Feasibility of high concentration

oxygenated water injection • Oxygen distribution in the subsurface

(reported here) and• Affects of oxygen delivery on

contaminants of concern


gPRO Oxygen System

• inVentures Technologies gPRO HP system with oxygen generator

System Constructed by Cornelsen Limited


Injection Trial System

• gPRO 4-module system oxygenating municipal water supply

• 3 injection wells in a cluster

• Injection depth approx 3.5 meters below land surface

• Sheet pile isolation of test lane

• Groundwater flow parallel to lane


Field Trial Test Lane

Injection Wells Monitoring Wells

Lane C

Groundwater Flow


gPRO Operation and Monitoring DataDate gPRO

Average Injection DO (mg/l)

Average Flowrate

(l/min)

Time (min)

Total Volume Injected

(l)

Total Volume Injected

(m3)

Mass O2

Delivered (Kg)

C1 C2 C3 C4 C52/4/2008 Baseline 0.99 1.43 1.54 1.39 2.71

3/25/2008 60.3 20.0 144 2880 2.88 0.17 2.70 1.80 3.40 5.30 9.00

4/2/2008 63.2 17.5 177 3100 3.1 0.20 2.10 2.00 3.50 9.20 10.10

4/7/2008 63.2 30.0 120 3600 3.6 0.23 5.50 4.70 7.50 1.70 12.80

4/14/2008 54.1 28.6 128 3670 3.67 0.20 6.00 6.50 7.20 12.50 18.00

4/20/2008 57.3 29.4 138 4060 4.06 0.23 5.90 3.70 7.80 13.60 16.10

5/19/2008 32.7 43.0 100 4300 4.3 0.14 2.80 2.80 3.90 4.10 10.90

Peak DO (mg/L) @ GW sampling point


Initial Oxygen Distribution 2/08

>2 mg/L


Peak Oxygen Distribution 4/14/08

>6 mg/L>12 mg/L >18 mg/L


NAPL Source Zone Remediationutilizing

Supersaturated Water Injection (SWI) Gas inFusion™ Technology


Enhancement of NAPL Recovery With SWI

• Water is supersaturated with CO2 in the gPROHP System

• Supersaturated (carbonated) water is injected into the aquifer in and below the NAPL zone

• CO2 bubbles nucleate in the aquifer

• Hydrocarbons volatilize into CO2


Enhancement of NAPL Recovery

• NAPL coats the gas bubble and is mobilized up for non-aqueous phase extraction

• Trapped NAPL ganglia are displaced by CO2 and mobilized for non-aqueous phase extraction

• Groundwater, NAPL and soil vapor are removed through dual phase extraction wells


Technology: MechanismsMechanismsSpontaneous spreading of NAPL over water in the presence of gas and the

subsequent transfer of volatile NAPL constituents into the growing gas bubbles


Upward mobilization of NAPL contacted by gas phase carbon dioxide

Technology: MechanismsMechanisms


Proof of concept in the lab: In situ gas saturation development and rate of gas

evolution

Water outlet and level control

Vg1Vg2 Vg3

Vw

Bubble flow meter

Injection

Supersaturated water, C

Saturated porous medium

Production


60 min54 min52 min41 min36 min33 min31 min28 min26 min24 min21 min17 min12 min9 min6 min4 min1 min10 sec0 min

Gas evolution during SWI: Experiment


In situ gas evolution in the presence of impermeable barriers

SWI


Recovery of residual hexane by SWI

Volatile NAPL is removed by gas evolution


Saturated Zone

UnsaturatedZone

gPRO HP

SWI well Multiphase extraction well

Field ApplicationField Application

Contaminated Zone/Trapped NAPL

Induced Flow


Design Considerationsfor Selection of iSOC and gPRO Systems

• iSOC for enhanced natural attenuation and passive plume

cut off biobarriers– Lower substrate mass requirements– Broad range of geologic conditions

• gPRO systems for active high mass substrate delivery– High substrate demand or NAPL recovery– Geologic conditions suitable for extraction and reinjection– Enhance ETR systems and targeted source area/hot spot

treatment


www.isocinfo.com

www.gPROinfo.com

Questions?

Jim BegleyinVentures/MT Environmental Restoration

[email protected]


“Offering you the finest environmental contracting services, products & remedial technologies available”

Craig Marlow 8248 Hidden Forest Drive, Holland, Ohio 43528

Phone 419.867.8966 Fax 419.867.8976 Cell 419.349.7970 Email [email protected]

Contact:

inventures technologies overview of site remediation technologies gas infusion systems for...

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