Introductory Stuff

David W. MarlowPh.D. in Applied Linguistics

About the Course

Linguistically based Read Syllabus

Goals Attendance Evaluation Deadlines Accommodations

Disclaimer

My role Coach

Your responsibility Academic Athlete

Keep up Keep in touch Do your best

Technical Enhancements My Homepage (http://faculty.uscupstate.edu/dmarlow)

Slides Course Info General Links

Blackboard (http://www.bb.sc.com)

Paper Submission Discussion

Clickers Attendance, Participation, Quizzes (maybe)

Clicker Test

I am ready for the semester to begin

Understanding Grammar

Chapter 1

Which Sentence Sounds Best?

A. Ring loudly bells theB. Loudly bells the ringC. The bells ring loudly D. Bells the loudly ring

Which Sentence Sounds Best?

A. Ship sails the todayB. Sails the today shipC. Today sails ship theD. The ship sails today

Which Sentence Sounds Best?

A. Mary should stop smoking it; that is clear.

B. That Mary should stop smoking it is clear.

C. It is clear that Mary should stop smoking.

D. Is it clear that Mary should stop smoking?

Already an expert…?

Native speaker competence Then why am I here?

Subconscious conscious Better language skills Better understanding of others Better able to help others

Why Study Grammar?

“The study of grammar is not just of English majors or for future teachers: it is for people in business and industry, in science and engineering, in law and politics. Every user of the language, in fact, will benefit from the consciousness-raising that results from the study of grammar. The more that speakers and writers and readers know consciously about their language, the more power they have over it and the better they can make it serve their needs.”

Exercise 1.1 (Tag Questions)

Their car has been fixed, hasn’t it ?

It’s too warm to light a fire, ?

Cathy and Will are coming tonight, ?

You should put out some snacks, ?

Exercise 1.1 (Tag Questions)

Cathy knows how to get there, ?

We had a party here last Christmas, ?

Dinner will be ready soon, ?

They may bring Cathy’s sister, ?

Choose the Best Sentence

We ought to have something for dessert, _____?

A. shouldn’t we? B. oughtn’t we? C. don’t you think?D. None of the above!

( Be ready to give a better answer… )

Choose the Best Sentence

I am supposed to serve the salad, _____?

A. amn’t I?B. ain’t I? C. aren’t I? D. None of the above!

( Be ready to give a better answer… )

Any Questions….

… before we move on?

Which is Best?

A. I ain’t got none.B. I don’t got any.C. I don’t have any.D. I ain’t have any.

Which do you say most?

A. I ain’t got none.B. I don’t got any.C. I don’t have any.D. I ain’t have any.

A sentence violates Descriptive rules if no native speaker of English would say

it…

Standard vs. Non- English

1. I don’t have any. 2. I ain’t got none.

Prescriptive rules “Correct English is the slang of prigs

who write history and essays.” -George Eliot -

Modern Linguistics Prescriptivism

≠ I ain’t got none… Dialect / Regionalisms

More in Chapter 2 Structural Grammar

Phonology Morphology Syntax

Transformational Grammar Noam Chomsky

Any Questions….

… before we move on?

1. The dog is sleeping. 2. The sleeping dog is brown. 3. Sleeping is the dog’s favorite pastime.

A. NounB. VerbC. AdjectiveD. Adverb

What part of speech is it? – I

Prototype Theory

looks functions interacts

noun verb adjective etc

If it _____ like a ____, then…

Did he down his drink? She looks down on him. They walked down the street. He was feeling down… because he fumbled on fourth down.

A. NounB. VerbC. AdjectiveD. AdverbE. Preposition

What part of speech is it? – II

Grammatical? (Answer for each) “A” = Hacker’s Guide would say it’s OK “B” = You’ve said or heard it before “C” = You don’t think anyone would say it“D” = You aren’t sure enough to make a call

For green its age my well car runs old. This is the man I took a picture of. Somebody left their book on the train. The secret was kept between him and me. You should get you a new car to drive. Emily might could go to the store. He don’t know nothing about racing.

Exercise 1.2

Page 8 Do it now (alone) Compare answers as a group

Diagramming I

Diagrams

Trees

Language Change

[....]g fæder, þu þe on heofonum eardast, geweorðad wuldres dreame. 1000 AD

Oure fader that art in heuenis halowid be thi name.1400

Our father which art in heauen, hallowed be thy name. 1611 (KJV)

Our Father in Heaven, let your holy name be known.1970 (Condon)

Language Change

Back When Tim McGraw

Homework:

Exercise 1.3 (page 9)

Read Chapter 2