introduction to rapid results approach. results-focused management technique aimed at jump- starting...
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INTRODUCTION TO RAPID RESULTS APPROACH
RESULTS-FOCUSED MANAGEMENT
TECHNIQUE
• Aimed at jump-starting major change efforts and enhancing implementation capacity
TACKLES LARGE-SCALE CHANGE
EFFORTS
• Through a series of small-scale, results-producing and momentum-building initiatives
EMPOWERS TEAMS BY
ACHIEVING RESULTS
• Within 100 days focusing on a few key results and scaling up beyond 100 days
THE RAPID RESULTS APPROACH*
*The Rapid Results Approach is an adaptation of General Electric’s Work-Out Process. Senior partners and associates at Robert H. Schaffer and Associates and the Crosslands Group were among the original team that helped the GE Work-Out process. They also introduced the approach to the World Bank
ENSURES ACTIVITIES ARE LINKED TO END
RESULTS
• Ensures alignment between activities and overall national development objectives
ACCELERATES LEARNING AND
DISCOVERY PROCESS
• “Crossing the river by feeling the stones”
REDUCES HIDDEN RISKS
• Inherent in long-term strategies
UNLEASHES EXISTING CAPACITY
• Strengthening accountability and empowering actors at all levels
THE RAPID RESULTS APPROACH (continued)
• High level objective to which interventions contribute• Long-term improvement in society that contributes to
changes in the lives of people
GOAL
(long-term
impacts)
• Effects or behavior changes (new attitudes, practices, new laws, etc.)OUTCOMES
• Products and services (knowledge, skills etc.)OUTPUTS
• What was actually done with the available resources to produce the intended outputsACTIVITIES
• Critical resources (staff/expertise, equipment, supplies) needed to implement the planned activitiesINPUTS
THE RESULTS CHAIN
Source: Binnenen and Kusek&Rist, 2004.
Increase the overall MoH
budget allocation for rural health
centers and hospitals
Increase proportion of children fully immunized
Increase proportion of
mothers delivering in health facilities
Increase proportion of
pregnant mothers using bednets
THE IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGE: TRADITIONAL ACTIVITY-FOCUSED APPROACH
PROGRAM OBJECTIVE: Increase Coverage of Maternal and Child Health Services
PRO
GRA
M A
CTIV
ITIE
S
• We KNOW all the activities that are needed to achieve the end objectives
• If we complete all the activities, the objectives will be achieved AUTOMATICALLY
ASSUMES THAT:
• We DO NOT KNOW all the needed activities
• EVEN IF ALL THE ACTIVITIES ARE UNDERTAKEN, THE OBJECTIVES MAY NOT BE ACHIEVED
BUT, IN REALITY:
THE IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGE: TRADITIONAL ACTIVITY-FOCUSED APPROACH
THE IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGE: TRADITIONAL ACTIVITY-FOCUSED APPROACH
Lack of accountability for results:
Objectives are VAGUELY DEFINED and NOT MEASURABLE
Responsibilities are assigned for specific activities but NO ONE IS ACCOUNTABLE for achieving the end objective
Activities CANNOT BE EASILY ADJUSTED as situations change
There is LITTLE LEARNING AND DISCOVERY of what it actually takes to achieve the end objectives
Let’s look at examples of RESULTS BASED LANGUAGE…
EXAMPLE ONE
ACTION LANGUAGE
Ensure that all pregnant women have access to prenatal services
Improve the care and support environment for orphans and vulnerable children
CHANGE LANGUAGESuggested answers…
The percentage of pregnant women accessing prenatal services increased from 20% to 40%
by 2010
The percentage of orphans and vulnerable children in model districts accessing social
safety net package increased from 10% to 60% by 2010
Translate Objective
s into Concrete Results
Personal Challenge
Real Accountability Discovery and
Learning
OVERCOMING THE IMPLEMENTATION
CHALLENGE: THE RRA
Translate Objective
s into Concrete Results
Personal Challenge
Real Accountability Discovery and
Learning
OVERCOMING THE IMPLEMENTATION
CHALLENGE: THE RRA
Increase the budget allocation for rural health
centers and hospitals
Increase proportion of children fully immunized
Increase proportion of mothers delivering in
health facilities
Increase proportion of pregnant mothers using
bednets
OVERCOMING THE IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGE: TRANSLATING OBJECTIVES INTO CONCRETE RESULTS
PROGRAM OBJECTIVE: Decrease the Number of Malaria Related Deaths
PRO
GRA
M A
CTIV
ITIE
S
Increase number of children aged 1-5 using
treated mosquito bednets in two
provinces by 50% in 100 days
Reduce under 5 child mortality from
114/1000 to 110/1000 in one year
Reduce malaria morbidity from 30% to
10% within 3 years
15
Focusing on Strategic Areas and Defining a Rapid Results Goal
To: Focus on one “high incidence” district
Key Strategic Objective
Rapid-Results
Goal
Reduce under 5 malaria related child mortality
To: Increase the number of mothers using bed nets
To: Focus on two regions
To: Increase number of children aged 1-5 using treated mosquito bed nets in two regions by
50% by Dec 2010
Decrease the number of malaria related deaths
Overall objective
Sh
arp
en
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e F
oc
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Sh
arp
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Adapted from Robert H. Schaffer & Ass.
TYPICAL STRUCTURE OF A RAPID-RESULTS GOAL
Malaria
Action verb
• Increase...
What will be changed
• number of children aged 1-5 using treated bednets in 2 regions...
Measurement of success
• by 50%...
Time frame
• by September 2009.
Results should:
Be as CONCISE and SHORT as
possible
Be UNCLUTTERED by outputs and
higher-level objectives
Have EASILY IDENTIFIABLE OUTCOMES
Have clearly identified TARGET
GROUPS
Results should be expressed as MEASURABLE CHANGES in the behavior or condition of the target group
Translate Objective
s into Concrete Results
Personal Challenge
Real Accountability Discovery and
Learning
OVERCOMING THE IMPLEMENTATION
CHALLENGE: THE RRA
The Village Fool and the Emperor’s Horse
OVERCOMING THE IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGE: LACK OF ACCOUNTABILITY FOR RESULTS
The Emperor’s Challenge
Whoever can teach his favourite horse to speak
Chinese will get half of his kingdom
But, if the person fails s/he will be executed
The Village Fool’s Response
He took up the challenge
Agreed with the emperor to “teach the horse to speak
Chinese in 10 years”
The Village Fool’s Response
OVERCOMING THE IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGE: LACK OF ACCOUNTABILITY FOR RESULTS
Study neighing patterns to
detect nuances in
pronunciation
Lead study tour to other districts
Design “Neigh-to-Chinese”
mapping program
Implement daily training
program on “N2C”
conversion
Establish incentive system
Change environment of horse: live with human family
Lear
ning
Pro
gram
Acti
vitie
s
TODAY 10 YEARS TIME
Village Fool and the Emperor’s Horse: THE PROBLEM
OVERCOMING THE IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGE: LACK OF ACCOUNTABILITY FOR RESULTS
No clearly defined goals
No measuring of results
No monitoring of results
No real responsibility
In ten years time either the Emperor dies, the Village Fool dies or the horse dies!
What would have happened if the goals were specified?
OVERCOMING THE IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGE: LACK OF ACCOUNTABILITY FOR RESULTS
Lear
ning
Pro
gram
Acti
vitie
s
TODAY 10 YEARS TIME
Horse able to say “hello” in Chinese in 3
months
Horse able to communicate in Chinese at
first-grade level
Key Messages
• Clarifies roles and responsibilities• Strengthens ownership and accountability• Improves transparency• Improves measurement of program achievements• Strengthens resource mobilization• Improves implementation• Enhances overall performance
Process for one year
One year results
Quarter 1Benchmarks
Quarter 2Benchmarks
Quarter 3Benchmarks
Quarter 4Benchmarks(same as oneyear target)
Quarter 1Activities, &Budgeting
Quarter 2Activities &Budgeting
Quarter 3Activities &Budgeting
Quarter 4Activities &Budgeting
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
What ACTIVITIES are needed in order to reach the results?
How much will each activity COST? BUDGET?
WHO is responsible and accountable for each activity?
What are the SUCCESS INDICATORS?
ACTION PLAN
Results Statements:
what would you like to achieve in
one year?
Activities Responsible Person
Indicator Budget Time Frame
# Jan Feb March
1 Develop a roadmap Strategy Officer Consultants hired
$4000 X X
2 Develop ToR to hire consultants X X
3 Identify consultants X X
4 Hire consultants X x
5 Orientation workshop Workshop held X X X
6 Develop datacollections
One Year Results: To develop a national Health Strategy
Quarter 1 milestone : Recruitment of national and international consultants