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Page 1: Introduction to OpenStack - rboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.carboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.ca/Courses/CS856-W17/Lectures/openstack... · History 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack 2011 -

Introduction to OpenStack

Shihabur R. ChowdhuryCS856 - Winter 2017University of Waterloo

Page 2: Introduction to OpenStack - rboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.carboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.ca/Courses/CS856-W17/Lectures/openstack... · History 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack 2011 -

Outline

● History● What is OpenStack and Why?● OpenStack Components● OpenStack Concepts● Hands on

Page 3: Introduction to OpenStack - rboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.carboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.ca/Courses/CS856-W17/Lectures/openstack... · History 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack 2011 -

History

● 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack● 2011 - Canonical joins in● 2012 - Red Hat joins in, OpenStack foundation is formed● 2013 - NASA opts out, Oracle jumps in● 2014 - HP signs in

Page 4: Introduction to OpenStack - rboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.carboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.ca/Courses/CS856-W17/Lectures/openstack... · History 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack 2011 -

What is OpenStack and Why?

VM

VM

Hyp.

VM

VM

VM

VM

...

Image Repository

Block Storage

Physical Network

Users/Tenants

Hyp. Hyp.

Page 5: Introduction to OpenStack - rboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.carboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.ca/Courses/CS856-W17/Lectures/openstack... · History 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack 2011 -

What is OpenStack and Why?

VM

VM

Hyp.

VM

VM

VM

VM

...

Image Repository(DifferentFormats)

Block Storage

Physical Network

Users/Tenants

Hyp. Hyp.

How to manage this complexity ?

Page 6: Introduction to OpenStack - rboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.carboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.ca/Courses/CS856-W17/Lectures/openstack... · History 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack 2011 -

Why OpenStack ?

● Manages heterogenous pool of resources○ Compute, Network, Storage

● Works with heterogenous technologies○ KVM, ESXi, Hyper-V etc.

○ Linux bridge, Open vSwitch etc.

● Management via CLI, GUI and RESTful APIs○ Command Line Interface

○ RESTful API with different language bindings

■ Python, Ruby, Java etc.

● Open source

Page 7: Introduction to OpenStack - rboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.carboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.ca/Courses/CS856-W17/Lectures/openstack... · History 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack 2011 -

VM

VM

Hyp.

VM

VM

VM

VM

...

Image Repository(DifferentFormats)

Block Storage

Physical Network

Users/Tenants

Hyp. Hyp.

OpenStack

nova neutron swift

horizon GUI

heat keystoneglance cinderceilometer

Page 8: Introduction to OpenStack - rboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.carboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.ca/Courses/CS856-W17/Lectures/openstack... · History 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack 2011 -

VM

VM

Hyp.

VM

VM

VM

VM

...

Image Repository(DifferentFormats)

Block Storage

Physical Network

Users/Tenants

Hyp. Hyp.

OpenStack

nova neutron swift

horizon GUI

heat keystoneglance cinderceilometer

Co

mp

ute

Page 9: Introduction to OpenStack - rboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.carboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.ca/Courses/CS856-W17/Lectures/openstack... · History 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack 2011 -

VM

VM

Hyp.

VM

VM

VM

VM

...

Image Repository(DifferentFormats)

Block Storage

Physical Network

Users/Tenants

Hyp. Hyp.

OpenStack

nova neutron swift

horizon GUI

heat keystoneglance cinderceilometer

Co

mp

ute

Net

wo

rk

Page 10: Introduction to OpenStack - rboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.carboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.ca/Courses/CS856-W17/Lectures/openstack... · History 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack 2011 -

VM

VM

Hyp.

VM

VM

VM

VM

...

Image Repository(DifferentFormats)

Block Storage

Physical Network

Users/Tenants

Hyp. Hyp.

OpenStack

nova neutron swift

horizon GUI

heat keystoneglance cinderceilometer

Co

mp

ute

Net

wo

rk

Imag

e

Page 11: Introduction to OpenStack - rboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.carboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.ca/Courses/CS856-W17/Lectures/openstack... · History 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack 2011 -

VM

VM

Hyp.

VM

VM

VM

VM

...

Image Repository(DifferentFormats)

Block Storage

Physical Network

Users/Tenants

Hyp. Hyp.

OpenStack

nova neutron swift

horizon GUI

heat keystoneglance cinderceilometer

Co

mp

ute

Net

wo

rk

Imag

e

Sto

rage

Page 12: Introduction to OpenStack - rboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.carboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.ca/Courses/CS856-W17/Lectures/openstack... · History 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack 2011 -

VM

VM

Hyp.

VM

VM

VM

VM

...

Image Repository(DifferentFormats)

Block Storage

Physical Network

Users/Tenants

Hyp. Hyp.

OpenStack

nova neutron swift

horizon GUI

heat keystoneglance cinderceilometer

Co

mp

ute

Net

wo

rk

Imag

e

Sto

rage

Iden

tity

Page 13: Introduction to OpenStack - rboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.carboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.ca/Courses/CS856-W17/Lectures/openstack... · History 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack 2011 -

OpenStack ComponentsNova Provisions and manages Virtual Machines. It can work with hypervisors

such as VMWare, Hyper-V, KVM etc.

Neutron The virtual network manager.

Cinder Responsible for managing block storage.

Glance The VM image registry.

Horizon The user facing GUI dashboard. Implemented using Django.

Swift A highly available, fault tolerant, horizontally scalable object storage.

Heat OpenStack application orchestrator.

Ceilometer The cloud monitor. Can be integrated with heat to provide services such as autoscaling.

Keystone OpenStack identity manager. Uses MySQL database at the backend.

Page 14: Introduction to OpenStack - rboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.carboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.ca/Courses/CS856-W17/Lectures/openstack... · History 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack 2011 -

Other OpenStack Components

Manila Shared file system service for VMs.

Ironic Bare metal server manager. Integrates with IPMI or PXE to manage bare metal hardware, i.e., physical servers

Magnum OpenStack container (Docker/LXC) orchestrator.

Sahara Data analytics cluster manager for Hadoop/Spark.

Page 15: Introduction to OpenStack - rboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.carboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.ca/Courses/CS856-W17/Lectures/openstack... · History 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack 2011 -

OpenStack Concepts - Identity

● Tenant○ A group of “users” belonging to an isolated set of resources.

○ Analogous to Linux “groups”

○ Tenants are unaware of each other’s resources

● User○ A user or service using OpenStack

○ A user can be assigned to a tenant

Page 16: Introduction to OpenStack - rboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.carboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.ca/Courses/CS856-W17/Lectures/openstack... · History 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack 2011 -

OpenStack Concepts - Compute

● Availability zones○ A group of physical servers

○ Grouped based on some common property

■ Same data center

■ Same rack

■ Same power source, etc.

○ Semantics is used by administrators to ensure high availability

Page 17: Introduction to OpenStack - rboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.carboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.ca/Courses/CS856-W17/Lectures/openstack... · History 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack 2011 -

OpenStack Concepts - Network

● Security groups○ Group of firewall rules

○ A VM can be member of one or more security groups

Page 18: Introduction to OpenStack - rboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.carboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.ca/Courses/CS856-W17/Lectures/openstack... · History 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack 2011 -

OpenStack Concepts - Storage

● Ephemeral Storage○ Lives only the lifetime of a VM

○ Data is lost as soon as a VM terminates

● Cinder block storage○ Provides block storage service for VMs

○ Suitable for creating disk for VMs, expandable file systems,

RDBMS etc.

● Swift object storage○ Simple HTTP API for object storage and retrieval

○ Suitable for storing large objects, e.g., disk images

○ Not suitable for using as a disk for a virtual machine

Page 19: Introduction to OpenStack - rboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.carboutaba.cs.uwaterloo.ca/Courses/CS856-W17/Lectures/openstack... · History 2010 - NASA and RackSpace launches OpenStack 2011 -

Questions ?