introduction to oceanography. oceanography the science or study of the oceans geological...
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to Oceanography
Oceanography
The Science or Study of the Oceans
bull Geological Oceanography
bull Physical Oceanography
bull Chemical Oceanography
bull Biological Oceanography
Geological Oceanography
bull Study of earth at edge of ocean
bull Formation processes (seafloor)
bull Sediments
bull Rocks amp minerals
bull Geothermal vents
Physical Oceanography
bull How amp why oceans move
bull Weather
bull Heat transfer
bull Water cycles
bull Waves tides currents
bull Temperature
Chemical Oceanography
bull Composition amp history of seawater
bull Seawater processes amp interactions
bull Salinity
bull Dissolved gases
bull Nutrients
Biological Oceanography
bull Living organisms
bull Organisms relationships with each other and their environment
Marine Sediments (geological)
created by
Living Organisms (biological)
That are influenced by
Nutrients (chemical)
and
Currents amp Temperature (physical)
Why Study Why Study OceanographyOceanography
Earth is the water planetEarth is the water planet Oceans Modulate the Oceans Modulate the
ClimateClimate Human Civilization Human Civilization (waves (waves
govern the coastal govern the coastal processes and habitat)processes and habitat)
cover ~71 of earthrsquos surface and have an average depth of ~38 km
carry most (80-975) of the hydrospheric water supply
The OceansThe Oceans
O ECA
7N
(
80
)
L
(
AN
D
292
)
Oceanridges(221)Continental
platforms(189)
Oceanbasin floors(298)
Co
nti
nen
tal s
hel
f an
d
slo
pe
(11
4)
Continentalmountains
(103)
Island arcstrenches guyots etc (37)
Continental rise (38)
httpwwwworldatlascomaatlasimageghtm
History of Oceanography
OCEANOGRAPHY-Study of the OceansContributions of the ldquoancientsrdquo1 Phoenicians (from what is now Syria
and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea Indian
Ocean Red Sea and Africa 2000BC
2 Greeks-create Maps of Med Sea-450BC Eratosthenes (Mathematician) predicted the
circumference of the earth 42000 KM real distance is 40032 KM and
developed the system of longitude and latitude
3 Romans-studied and noted the phenomenon of erosion and researched
and documented the water cycle
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Oceanography
The Science or Study of the Oceans
bull Geological Oceanography
bull Physical Oceanography
bull Chemical Oceanography
bull Biological Oceanography
Geological Oceanography
bull Study of earth at edge of ocean
bull Formation processes (seafloor)
bull Sediments
bull Rocks amp minerals
bull Geothermal vents
Physical Oceanography
bull How amp why oceans move
bull Weather
bull Heat transfer
bull Water cycles
bull Waves tides currents
bull Temperature
Chemical Oceanography
bull Composition amp history of seawater
bull Seawater processes amp interactions
bull Salinity
bull Dissolved gases
bull Nutrients
Biological Oceanography
bull Living organisms
bull Organisms relationships with each other and their environment
Marine Sediments (geological)
created by
Living Organisms (biological)
That are influenced by
Nutrients (chemical)
and
Currents amp Temperature (physical)
Why Study Why Study OceanographyOceanography
Earth is the water planetEarth is the water planet Oceans Modulate the Oceans Modulate the
ClimateClimate Human Civilization Human Civilization (waves (waves
govern the coastal govern the coastal processes and habitat)processes and habitat)
cover ~71 of earthrsquos surface and have an average depth of ~38 km
carry most (80-975) of the hydrospheric water supply
The OceansThe Oceans
O ECA
7N
(
80
)
L
(
AN
D
292
)
Oceanridges(221)Continental
platforms(189)
Oceanbasin floors(298)
Co
nti
nen
tal s
hel
f an
d
slo
pe
(11
4)
Continentalmountains
(103)
Island arcstrenches guyots etc (37)
Continental rise (38)
httpwwwworldatlascomaatlasimageghtm
History of Oceanography
OCEANOGRAPHY-Study of the OceansContributions of the ldquoancientsrdquo1 Phoenicians (from what is now Syria
and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea Indian
Ocean Red Sea and Africa 2000BC
2 Greeks-create Maps of Med Sea-450BC Eratosthenes (Mathematician) predicted the
circumference of the earth 42000 KM real distance is 40032 KM and
developed the system of longitude and latitude
3 Romans-studied and noted the phenomenon of erosion and researched
and documented the water cycle
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Geological Oceanography
bull Study of earth at edge of ocean
bull Formation processes (seafloor)
bull Sediments
bull Rocks amp minerals
bull Geothermal vents
Physical Oceanography
bull How amp why oceans move
bull Weather
bull Heat transfer
bull Water cycles
bull Waves tides currents
bull Temperature
Chemical Oceanography
bull Composition amp history of seawater
bull Seawater processes amp interactions
bull Salinity
bull Dissolved gases
bull Nutrients
Biological Oceanography
bull Living organisms
bull Organisms relationships with each other and their environment
Marine Sediments (geological)
created by
Living Organisms (biological)
That are influenced by
Nutrients (chemical)
and
Currents amp Temperature (physical)
Why Study Why Study OceanographyOceanography
Earth is the water planetEarth is the water planet Oceans Modulate the Oceans Modulate the
ClimateClimate Human Civilization Human Civilization (waves (waves
govern the coastal govern the coastal processes and habitat)processes and habitat)
cover ~71 of earthrsquos surface and have an average depth of ~38 km
carry most (80-975) of the hydrospheric water supply
The OceansThe Oceans
O ECA
7N
(
80
)
L
(
AN
D
292
)
Oceanridges(221)Continental
platforms(189)
Oceanbasin floors(298)
Co
nti
nen
tal s
hel
f an
d
slo
pe
(11
4)
Continentalmountains
(103)
Island arcstrenches guyots etc (37)
Continental rise (38)
httpwwwworldatlascomaatlasimageghtm
History of Oceanography
OCEANOGRAPHY-Study of the OceansContributions of the ldquoancientsrdquo1 Phoenicians (from what is now Syria
and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea Indian
Ocean Red Sea and Africa 2000BC
2 Greeks-create Maps of Med Sea-450BC Eratosthenes (Mathematician) predicted the
circumference of the earth 42000 KM real distance is 40032 KM and
developed the system of longitude and latitude
3 Romans-studied and noted the phenomenon of erosion and researched
and documented the water cycle
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Physical Oceanography
bull How amp why oceans move
bull Weather
bull Heat transfer
bull Water cycles
bull Waves tides currents
bull Temperature
Chemical Oceanography
bull Composition amp history of seawater
bull Seawater processes amp interactions
bull Salinity
bull Dissolved gases
bull Nutrients
Biological Oceanography
bull Living organisms
bull Organisms relationships with each other and their environment
Marine Sediments (geological)
created by
Living Organisms (biological)
That are influenced by
Nutrients (chemical)
and
Currents amp Temperature (physical)
Why Study Why Study OceanographyOceanography
Earth is the water planetEarth is the water planet Oceans Modulate the Oceans Modulate the
ClimateClimate Human Civilization Human Civilization (waves (waves
govern the coastal govern the coastal processes and habitat)processes and habitat)
cover ~71 of earthrsquos surface and have an average depth of ~38 km
carry most (80-975) of the hydrospheric water supply
The OceansThe Oceans
O ECA
7N
(
80
)
L
(
AN
D
292
)
Oceanridges(221)Continental
platforms(189)
Oceanbasin floors(298)
Co
nti
nen
tal s
hel
f an
d
slo
pe
(11
4)
Continentalmountains
(103)
Island arcstrenches guyots etc (37)
Continental rise (38)
httpwwwworldatlascomaatlasimageghtm
History of Oceanography
OCEANOGRAPHY-Study of the OceansContributions of the ldquoancientsrdquo1 Phoenicians (from what is now Syria
and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea Indian
Ocean Red Sea and Africa 2000BC
2 Greeks-create Maps of Med Sea-450BC Eratosthenes (Mathematician) predicted the
circumference of the earth 42000 KM real distance is 40032 KM and
developed the system of longitude and latitude
3 Romans-studied and noted the phenomenon of erosion and researched
and documented the water cycle
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Chemical Oceanography
bull Composition amp history of seawater
bull Seawater processes amp interactions
bull Salinity
bull Dissolved gases
bull Nutrients
Biological Oceanography
bull Living organisms
bull Organisms relationships with each other and their environment
Marine Sediments (geological)
created by
Living Organisms (biological)
That are influenced by
Nutrients (chemical)
and
Currents amp Temperature (physical)
Why Study Why Study OceanographyOceanography
Earth is the water planetEarth is the water planet Oceans Modulate the Oceans Modulate the
ClimateClimate Human Civilization Human Civilization (waves (waves
govern the coastal govern the coastal processes and habitat)processes and habitat)
cover ~71 of earthrsquos surface and have an average depth of ~38 km
carry most (80-975) of the hydrospheric water supply
The OceansThe Oceans
O ECA
7N
(
80
)
L
(
AN
D
292
)
Oceanridges(221)Continental
platforms(189)
Oceanbasin floors(298)
Co
nti
nen
tal s
hel
f an
d
slo
pe
(11
4)
Continentalmountains
(103)
Island arcstrenches guyots etc (37)
Continental rise (38)
httpwwwworldatlascomaatlasimageghtm
History of Oceanography
OCEANOGRAPHY-Study of the OceansContributions of the ldquoancientsrdquo1 Phoenicians (from what is now Syria
and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea Indian
Ocean Red Sea and Africa 2000BC
2 Greeks-create Maps of Med Sea-450BC Eratosthenes (Mathematician) predicted the
circumference of the earth 42000 KM real distance is 40032 KM and
developed the system of longitude and latitude
3 Romans-studied and noted the phenomenon of erosion and researched
and documented the water cycle
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Biological Oceanography
bull Living organisms
bull Organisms relationships with each other and their environment
Marine Sediments (geological)
created by
Living Organisms (biological)
That are influenced by
Nutrients (chemical)
and
Currents amp Temperature (physical)
Why Study Why Study OceanographyOceanography
Earth is the water planetEarth is the water planet Oceans Modulate the Oceans Modulate the
ClimateClimate Human Civilization Human Civilization (waves (waves
govern the coastal govern the coastal processes and habitat)processes and habitat)
cover ~71 of earthrsquos surface and have an average depth of ~38 km
carry most (80-975) of the hydrospheric water supply
The OceansThe Oceans
O ECA
7N
(
80
)
L
(
AN
D
292
)
Oceanridges(221)Continental
platforms(189)
Oceanbasin floors(298)
Co
nti
nen
tal s
hel
f an
d
slo
pe
(11
4)
Continentalmountains
(103)
Island arcstrenches guyots etc (37)
Continental rise (38)
httpwwwworldatlascomaatlasimageghtm
History of Oceanography
OCEANOGRAPHY-Study of the OceansContributions of the ldquoancientsrdquo1 Phoenicians (from what is now Syria
and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea Indian
Ocean Red Sea and Africa 2000BC
2 Greeks-create Maps of Med Sea-450BC Eratosthenes (Mathematician) predicted the
circumference of the earth 42000 KM real distance is 40032 KM and
developed the system of longitude and latitude
3 Romans-studied and noted the phenomenon of erosion and researched
and documented the water cycle
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Marine Sediments (geological)
created by
Living Organisms (biological)
That are influenced by
Nutrients (chemical)
and
Currents amp Temperature (physical)
Why Study Why Study OceanographyOceanography
Earth is the water planetEarth is the water planet Oceans Modulate the Oceans Modulate the
ClimateClimate Human Civilization Human Civilization (waves (waves
govern the coastal govern the coastal processes and habitat)processes and habitat)
cover ~71 of earthrsquos surface and have an average depth of ~38 km
carry most (80-975) of the hydrospheric water supply
The OceansThe Oceans
O ECA
7N
(
80
)
L
(
AN
D
292
)
Oceanridges(221)Continental
platforms(189)
Oceanbasin floors(298)
Co
nti
nen
tal s
hel
f an
d
slo
pe
(11
4)
Continentalmountains
(103)
Island arcstrenches guyots etc (37)
Continental rise (38)
httpwwwworldatlascomaatlasimageghtm
History of Oceanography
OCEANOGRAPHY-Study of the OceansContributions of the ldquoancientsrdquo1 Phoenicians (from what is now Syria
and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea Indian
Ocean Red Sea and Africa 2000BC
2 Greeks-create Maps of Med Sea-450BC Eratosthenes (Mathematician) predicted the
circumference of the earth 42000 KM real distance is 40032 KM and
developed the system of longitude and latitude
3 Romans-studied and noted the phenomenon of erosion and researched
and documented the water cycle
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Why Study Why Study OceanographyOceanography
Earth is the water planetEarth is the water planet Oceans Modulate the Oceans Modulate the
ClimateClimate Human Civilization Human Civilization (waves (waves
govern the coastal govern the coastal processes and habitat)processes and habitat)
cover ~71 of earthrsquos surface and have an average depth of ~38 km
carry most (80-975) of the hydrospheric water supply
The OceansThe Oceans
O ECA
7N
(
80
)
L
(
AN
D
292
)
Oceanridges(221)Continental
platforms(189)
Oceanbasin floors(298)
Co
nti
nen
tal s
hel
f an
d
slo
pe
(11
4)
Continentalmountains
(103)
Island arcstrenches guyots etc (37)
Continental rise (38)
httpwwwworldatlascomaatlasimageghtm
History of Oceanography
OCEANOGRAPHY-Study of the OceansContributions of the ldquoancientsrdquo1 Phoenicians (from what is now Syria
and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea Indian
Ocean Red Sea and Africa 2000BC
2 Greeks-create Maps of Med Sea-450BC Eratosthenes (Mathematician) predicted the
circumference of the earth 42000 KM real distance is 40032 KM and
developed the system of longitude and latitude
3 Romans-studied and noted the phenomenon of erosion and researched
and documented the water cycle
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
cover ~71 of earthrsquos surface and have an average depth of ~38 km
carry most (80-975) of the hydrospheric water supply
The OceansThe Oceans
O ECA
7N
(
80
)
L
(
AN
D
292
)
Oceanridges(221)Continental
platforms(189)
Oceanbasin floors(298)
Co
nti
nen
tal s
hel
f an
d
slo
pe
(11
4)
Continentalmountains
(103)
Island arcstrenches guyots etc (37)
Continental rise (38)
httpwwwworldatlascomaatlasimageghtm
History of Oceanography
OCEANOGRAPHY-Study of the OceansContributions of the ldquoancientsrdquo1 Phoenicians (from what is now Syria
and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea Indian
Ocean Red Sea and Africa 2000BC
2 Greeks-create Maps of Med Sea-450BC Eratosthenes (Mathematician) predicted the
circumference of the earth 42000 KM real distance is 40032 KM and
developed the system of longitude and latitude
3 Romans-studied and noted the phenomenon of erosion and researched
and documented the water cycle
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
O ECA
7N
(
80
)
L
(
AN
D
292
)
Oceanridges(221)Continental
platforms(189)
Oceanbasin floors(298)
Co
nti
nen
tal s
hel
f an
d
slo
pe
(11
4)
Continentalmountains
(103)
Island arcstrenches guyots etc (37)
Continental rise (38)
httpwwwworldatlascomaatlasimageghtm
History of Oceanography
OCEANOGRAPHY-Study of the OceansContributions of the ldquoancientsrdquo1 Phoenicians (from what is now Syria
and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea Indian
Ocean Red Sea and Africa 2000BC
2 Greeks-create Maps of Med Sea-450BC Eratosthenes (Mathematician) predicted the
circumference of the earth 42000 KM real distance is 40032 KM and
developed the system of longitude and latitude
3 Romans-studied and noted the phenomenon of erosion and researched
and documented the water cycle
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
httpwwwworldatlascomaatlasimageghtm
History of Oceanography
OCEANOGRAPHY-Study of the OceansContributions of the ldquoancientsrdquo1 Phoenicians (from what is now Syria
and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea Indian
Ocean Red Sea and Africa 2000BC
2 Greeks-create Maps of Med Sea-450BC Eratosthenes (Mathematician) predicted the
circumference of the earth 42000 KM real distance is 40032 KM and
developed the system of longitude and latitude
3 Romans-studied and noted the phenomenon of erosion and researched
and documented the water cycle
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
History of Oceanography
OCEANOGRAPHY-Study of the OceansContributions of the ldquoancientsrdquo1 Phoenicians (from what is now Syria
and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea Indian
Ocean Red Sea and Africa 2000BC
2 Greeks-create Maps of Med Sea-450BC Eratosthenes (Mathematician) predicted the
circumference of the earth 42000 KM real distance is 40032 KM and
developed the system of longitude and latitude
3 Romans-studied and noted the phenomenon of erosion and researched
and documented the water cycle
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
OCEANOGRAPHY-Study of the OceansContributions of the ldquoancientsrdquo1 Phoenicians (from what is now Syria
and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea Indian
Ocean Red Sea and Africa 2000BC
2 Greeks-create Maps of Med Sea-450BC Eratosthenes (Mathematician) predicted the
circumference of the earth 42000 KM real distance is 40032 KM and
developed the system of longitude and latitude
3 Romans-studied and noted the phenomenon of erosion and researched
and documented the water cycle
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria
One of seven wonders of the ancient world
Recently found by marine archeologists
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Polynesian Double-Hulled Canoe
The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Polynesian double hull canoe
Dual hulled boatscarried 100 peopleSkilled navigation1048707 wave action1048707 bird flight1048707 stars1048707 atmospheric conditions
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Polynesian Sailing Canoes
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Polynesian Stick Map
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Migration routes of the Polynesians
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Daily Activity ndash 9152011
bull In your notebook write down three things you remember about the ancient history of oceanography
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Middle Ages
1 Fall of the Roman Empire -Europe lost most of its detailed understanding of geography
2 During this time Arabic nations continued to explore and expand trade routeshellip
3 The Vikings were ship-borne warriors and traders
of the north (Norsemen) who went on expeditions to
explore the Americas Iceland Greenland
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Middle (Dark) Ages400s ndash 1400s in EuropeExtreme superstitionFear of intellectual inquiryMuch information lost
Map of Europe 600 AD
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
Discovered North America 500 years before Columbus
Leif Erickson
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Viking Long Boat
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Age of Exploration 1480-1610
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Age of Discovery1 Columbus attempts to
reach East Indies by sailing west because Eastern routes were
blocked He crossed the Atlantic and ldquofoundrdquo the
Americashellip
2 Balboa settles the first European Colony in Panama
He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in
1513 He became the first European to lead an expedition
known to have seen or reached the Pacific from the
New World
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Age of Discovery
3 Magellan was credited with being the first around the worldhellip though while on voyage he was killed
in the Philippines in 1521 However the 18 members left of his Crew finished
the voyage in 1522
The ldquoseardquo becomes a new place for empires to interact
It was the Era of trade with and plunder of the Aztecs and Incas for their gold and silver by the
Spanish The English and the Dutch
pirates attack the Spanish fleets
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Voyages of Discovery
bull Early Chinesendash Exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
bull Europendash Prince Henry the Navigator
bull Naval observatory
ndash Vasco da Gamandash Christopher Columbusndash Ferdinand Magellanndash Sir Martin Frobisherndash Francis Drake
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
MORE discoverieshellip1 Captain James Cook- 1700rsquos
A British navigator who discovered the Hawaiian
Islands Is considered the best cartographer and reckless
navigator of his time Applied use of latitude and longitude
2 Ben Franklin charted maps of the gulf stream in 1777
3 Charles Darwin- 1800rsquos sailed to the Galapagos
Islands to study the Biology of the
Sea and in the process developed
his Theory of Natural Selection
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
4 Edward Forbes -1800rsquos predicted different types of
plant and animal life at different depths of the ocean
Introduced the idea of dredging
5 Challenger Expedition- Englandrsquos Royal Society obtained the use of HMS Challenger to
study sea floor characteristics chemical composition of sea water and life at all levels
6 Fridtjof Nansen- 1890rsquos Proved polar ice flowed Entered ice by Alaska exited by Greenland three years and over 1000 miles later Determined that the North Pole is landless
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
bull Voyages of James Cookbull Benjamin Franklin
ndash Chart of Gulf Stream
bull National and commercial interestsndash US Survey of the Coast set up in
1830 (now known as the US Naval Oceanographic Office)
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
ldquoYou may delay but time will notrdquo
Benjamin Franklin
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
HMS Beagle 1831-1836
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
1847 Maury
1847 US Navy Lieutenant Matthew F Maury produced first bathymetric wind and current chart of the North Atlantic
First ldquotruerdquo oceanographer
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
The Challenger Expedition
bull Comprehensive scientific expeditionbull Naval corvette refitted with laboratories
winches and sounding scopendash Circumnavigationndash 361 sounding stationsndash Collected deep-sea water samplesndash Investigated deep-water motionndash Temperature measurements at all depthsndash Thousands of biological and sea-bottom samples
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Early Oceanographers
Harsh conditions and slow work compared to today
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
bull Support by wealthy individualsbull Scripps Institution of Oceanographybull Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutionbull Rapid advances during World War IIbull Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National
Science Foundation (NSF) fundingbull International Geophysical Year (IGY) cooperationbull Satellites bull Deep Sea Drilling Programbull National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
1 German expedition- 1920rsquos ship named Meteor was used to map
depths in the Pacific Ocean
2 US National Ocean Survey- Bathymetric readings to determine how deep each ocean is Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ships side
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) establishes wise use of ocean resources minerals oil fish etchellip
20th Century Oceanography
Today data is generated from an echosounder (sonar) mounted beneath or over the side of a boat pinging a beam of sound downward at the seafloor
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
4 Oceanographic studies EXPAND Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develop FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)
boat that turns vertically for research at different depths
20th Century Oceanography
When FLIP is in its vertical position it is both extremely stable and quiet
It is used to study the way water circulates how storm waves are formed how heat is
exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere and the sound made by
underwater marine animals
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
5 Submersibles- ALVINCreated by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and can carry up to 3 passengers to great depths (14764 ft) explore the ocean the organisms there
and record data
6 Jacques Cousteau- SCUBA Declared the importance of the oceans he was a champion of the life that existed there and
saw pollutionmdashand exploitation by man--as the destroyer of the
marine environment
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Bathyscaphe Trieste
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
bull httpwwwpbsorgwnetsavageseasmultimediatriestehtml
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship
(1968 to 1983)
Howard Hughesrsquo ship
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present)
Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Offshore Drilling Platform
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
invented SCUBA during World War II
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Jacques Cousteau(1910-1997)
Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
bull If we go on the way we have the fault is our greed if we are not willing [to change] we will disappear from the face of the globe to be replaced by the insect~ Jacques Cousteau
bull
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
bull Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems
bull Cross disciplinary researchbull Integrated approachbull Large scale oceanographic programs
ndash Climate WOCE JGOFS GOALSndash Structure and history of the Earth ODP RIDGEndash Satellites TOPEXPoseidon Jason-1ndash Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)ndash Project NEPTUNE
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
The future ROVs and satellites
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Nuclear Missile Submarine
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Our little Blue Marble
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Summary
bull Oceanography a multidisciplinary fieldndash Geology geophysics chemistry physics
meteorology biology
bull Early explorers and tradersbull National and commercial interestsbull Beginning of ocean science (19th century) bull 20th century
ndash Role of private institutionsndash Role of large-scale government funding and
international cooperation
Summary
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-
Sunset
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The Polynesians Explorers of the Pacific Ocean
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Polynesian Stick Map
- Migration routes of the Polynesians
- Daily Activity ndash 9152011
- Slide 23
- Map of Europe 600 AD
- Vikings Age of Exploration 800-1066 AD
- Slide 26
- Age of Exploration 1480-1610
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Voyages of Discovery
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information
- Ben Franklinrsquos Gulf Stream Map
- Franklinrsquos map and satellite photo of Gulf Stream
- HMS Beagle 1831-1836
- 1847 Maury
- The Challenger Expedition
- Early Oceanographers
- Oceanography in the Twentieth Century
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Bathyscaphe Trieste
- Slide 45
- Glomar Challenger Deep Sea Drilling Project Ship (1968 to 1983)
- JOIDES Resolution (1985 to present) Ocean Drilling Program drill ship
- Offshore Drilling Platform
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) invented SCUBA during World War II
- Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) Most famous oceanographer of the 20th century
- The Recent Past the Present and the Future of Oceanography
- The future ROVs and satellites
- Nuclear Missile Submarine
- Our little Blue Marble
- Summary
- Sunset
-