introduction to multimedia lecture #8 animation instructors: mohamed maganga

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Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

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Page 1: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Introduction to Multimedia

Lecture #8Animation

Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Page 2: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Today’s Agenda

1. Announcements

2. Warm Up

3. Today’s Lecture Lecture #7 (finish history)

Lect # 8: Animation Lect 9: Video part 1 (hopefully start)

4 Lectures Left•Video (2)

•Sound (1)

•Review (1)

Page 3: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Overview of Today’s TopicsOverview of Today’s Topics

Announcements What is animation? Types of animation File types of animation Using Flash to build your animation and

animation terminology History of animation Review

Page 4: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Announcements Announcements

Student needing notes, please help out Assignment 2s should all be marked by now. You

have two weeks to complain about your mark.

Assignment 3 (due Friday, March 19) Assignment 4 (due Wednesday April 7) They will take you longer than you think, give yourself They will take you longer than you think, give yourself

LOTS of time to do them.LOTS of time to do them. Check that your P: drive works!Check that your P: drive works!

Final Exam: Wednesday April 14 2:00 PM Wednesday April 14 2:00 PM Location: Thames Hall GymLocation: Thames Hall Gym 2 hour exam2 hour exam All multiple choice questionsAll multiple choice questions About 150 questions About 150 questions

Page 5: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Announcements

Final Exam Note: you must get a weighted average of at least 45% on the final exam and major assignment

Note that weighted average = (total of weighted marks / sum of weights) and  weighted mark = (weight * mark)

For example, if you received

60% on the final exam (weighted at 40 % of your final mark) 80% on the major assignment (weighted at 20% of your final mark),

Your weighted average would be ((60*.4)+(80*.2)) / (0.4+0.2) = (24+16) / 0.6 = 40/0.6 = 66% WHICH IS ABOVE THE REQUIRED 45% TO PASS. NOTE though, if you did not hand in the major project and received 50% on the final exam, your weighted mark would be 33% and you would NOT pass the course, even if your overall grade for your labs, assignments and final exam was greater than 50%.

http://www.csd.uwo.ca/courses/CS1033/And go to Course Outline

Page 6: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Warm up Questions:Warm up Questions: Question: What is the PageRank algorithm? Question: Name the most popular search

directory web site? Question: Name the most popular search engine

website? What % of the market does it currently have?

Question: What are the 3 components you must address to get your page a higher ranking?

Question: Who started Yahoo, who started Google?

Question: Name one search tool that predates Google and Yahoo

Page 7: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Warm Up QuestionsIf you want a table in your webpage to automatically resize as the

user resizes the window, then you should define it in terms of pixels not percentages

a) Trueb) False

Which of the following is the most important in terms of getting your website ranked highly in Google.

a) A domain name with good keywords in itb) The number of links from your page to other pagesc) The number of links from other pages to your paged) Having good keywords in the title

e) Have good meta tag keywords.

Page 8: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Today’s Agenda1. Introduction to Animation2. What is Animation3. Types of Animation4. File Types of animation5. Using Flash to build you

animation 6. Animation terminology

3D Animation, Morphing, Tweening, Onion Skinning etc.

7. Animated GIFs8. History of Animation9. Animation in Movies10.10. LOTS OF VIDEOS TODAY LOTS OF VIDEOS TODAY

Sit back and enjoy Sit back and enjoy

Page 9: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Intro to Animation What is animation?

A drawing that moves, bringing the drawing to “life”

A _________________that create the illusion of movement when played in succession.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SBfN9ltF8c

Animation is a powerful tool capable of communicating complex ideas How the heart beats http://www.smm.org/heart/heart/top.html

Easier to show somebody how something works then to try and explain it

Page 10: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Why use animation?Why use animation?

Easier to show somebody how something works then to try and explain it.

Why Use Animation? Indicates ______________

Illustrates ____________

Visualizes ______________ objects

Attracts attention

Four Stroke Engine

Page 11: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Simulation of movement through a series of pictures that have objects in slightly different positions

Animation is a _______________

Each drawing is called a “frame”

(a snapshot of what’s happening at a particular moment)

Required Frames Per Second FPS:

Intro to Animation

Facts:•Movies on film - 24 fps

•TV – 30 fps

9000 frames for five minute cartoon

•Computer animation _______________

•“jerky” anything less

Page 12: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Intro to Animation

In animation, each frame overlaps the previous one

Movement is caused by rapidly displaying each frame in sequence.

creates the illusion of a moving object

http://animationarchive.net/Behind%20the%20Scenes/Animation%20Basics

Page 13: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Sampling and Quantizing of Sampling and Quantizing of MotionMotion

Since each frame is just an image Sampling process – process of collecting Sampling process – process of collecting

information pieces from a general populationinformation pieces from a general populationEach image consists of pixelsWe know that

Remember:Remember: 10 pixels by 10 pixels vs 200 pixels by 200 pixels More samples means better quality better quality More samples means bigger file sizes bigger file sizes

Question: What else can we “Question: What else can we “SampleSample” ” with MOTION?with MOTION?

Page 14: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Frame Rate (Frames Per Second Frame Rate (Frames Per Second FPS)FPS)

Frame Rate: indicates the playback speed of the animation in frames per second Low frame rate appears choppy

Question: BUT high frame rate can also appear choppy, WHY?

Answer: if the computer playing the animation is not fast enough to process and display the frames.

Page 15: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Types of Animation

Two types of animation exist:

•2-D animation

•Cel animation

•Path animation

•3-D animation

Page 16: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

2-D Animation Cel-Based

“Cel” (__________) – clear sheet material on which images were drawn by movie animators

(also called traditional animation, classical animation, hand-drawn animation, frame by frame animation)

Celluloid images placed on a __________ background. Background remains ___________ Object changes from frame to frame Ex. Toonz software

Gaits of the Horse, by E. Muybridge (1834-1904)

A brief history of the first animated full length feature

Charlie Brown

Page 17: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Cel AnimationCel Animation

An animator must ___________every single frame!

To simplify: one background is drawn and _______________ is drawn on a

clear sheet of plastic (a cel), one drawing for each frame.

When moving to the next scene, just change the background

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbhCUPwSrp0&feature=player_embedded

Page 18: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Cel AnimationCel Animation

Question: What was the first full length cel based animated movie?

Hints: Debuted in 1937 Over 350,000 frames Over 1,500,000 pen and ink drawings Stars seven rather short guys and one pasty brunette

Other examples: Charlie Brown

Page 19: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Path Based AnimationPath Based Animation Pick:

a starting point for an object, (_________) an ending point for an object (_________) __________ for the object to follow

And then the computer generated all the frames in between called _________________- the artist doesn’t have to draw the intermediate frames (like the artist did in cel based animation)

Path ends here

Motion Path

Motion Path begins here

Page 20: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Path Based AnimationPath Based Animation

Question: What name do we give to the start frame and the end frame? (not the frames that are computer generated, rather the frames drawn by us?)

Question: Why is the act of generating the frames in between the first frame and the last frame called tweening?

Question: The path the object follows have to be a straight line, TRUE or FALSE?

Question: What software allows us to do path based animation?

Page 21: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Animation Software Features

_____________: speed of the animation

_____________:special effects fade-ins, fade-outs

_____________:allows the user to pick how many times the animation repeats

_____________:playback, how many times to run animation

_____________:plays continuously until user stops it

Setting the Frames Per Second

2-D Animation Path-Based

Question: What does a bigger FPS imply?Larger file sizeMore realistic motion

Page 22: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

What can we do What can we do to change the motion?to change the motion?

If the animation appears too slow, we can speed up the motion by: Reduce the ______________ Increase the ______________

Page 23: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Slowing down the motion Slowing down the motion by adding more framesby adding more frames

Assume now that the motion is a bit too fast, 2 ways to slow it down: Way 1: Add more frames:

Keep the frame rate the sameKeep the frame rate the same Increase the number of frames between the keyframes to Increase the number of frames between the keyframes to

stretch out the animationstretch out the animation Way 2: Lower the frame rate (go from 20fps to 5fps)

Keep the same number of frames as original but stretches Keep the same number of frames as original but stretches out movieout movie

Let’s See: Original Clip has 5 frames, at 20 fps, so finishes playing at 0.2 seconds, too fast!

Way 1Way 1: still have 20 fps, but add in extra frames between, : still have 20 fps, but add in extra frames between, now have 20 framesnow have 20 frames

Way 2: Way 2: holds frame on screen for 0.2 seconds, then moves holds frame on screen for 0.2 seconds, then moves to frame 2, on screen for 0.2 second, etc….to frame 2, on screen for 0.2 second, etc….

Page 24: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Question: What is wrong with Way 2?Question: What is wrong with Way 2?

From the text book: Digital Media Primer by Yue-Ling Wong

Page 26: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Animation – Some Terminology

Keyframe Animation:

Animating a graphical object by creating smooth transitions between various keyframes, the frames that indicate the _____________________of an object's motion path.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_frame

Tweening:

Short for in-betweening, the process of generating ____________________________to give the appearance that the first image evolves smoothly into the second image.

Tweening – more

Page 27: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Onion skinning

is a 2D computer graphics term for a technique used in creating animated cartoons and editing movies to see ________________ at once

Great little tutorial – take a look at it!

http://www.mystery-productions.com/flash/onionskinning.html

Purpose: the animator or editor can make decisions on how to create or change an image based on the previous image in the sequence.

Animation – Some Terminology

Page 28: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

3-D Animation – Process

3-Dimensional animation involves 3 steps: Modelling Animating Rendering

Page 29: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

• Modelling:• ______________________• Process of creating broad contours and

structure of 3D objects and scenes (draw views – top, side, cross section

• Animating:• Process of defining _____________• Defining lighting and perspective views

to create change during animation

• Rendering:• Give _________________

color, surface textures, amounts of transparency

Sample Demo

3-D Animation - Process

Page 30: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

http://hof.povray.org/

This is a website where all the images are created by

ray tracing and computers, yet they look amazingly real (Check out the Hall of Fame):

Page 31: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Morphing: Process of

_________________into a series of images

Useful for showing how

image might change over time

Animation Some Special Effects

Famous Faces: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZurRt0TidI&NR=1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7bfCkqUuX8&NR=1

Page 32: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Morphing: More examples

Animation Some Special Effects

Page 33: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Warping: Distorts a

______________ Warp frown into smile

Animation Some Special Effects

http://www.cise.ufl.edu/~anand/students/chui/img/eg_face_warp_anim.gif

Page 34: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Animation Some Special Effects

Virtual Reality: (VR) Creates environment where user becomes part of the

experience Boeing: flight simulators of airplane cockpits (hydraulic

controlled on legs) CD based adventure games – point and go thru doors, stairs Hand-held equipment allows person to interact with environment

A 2D cockpit for a Boeing 737. Some gauges are retained from the default MSFS 737, while others are modernized. Some non-functional controls are included in the dashboard.

Page 35: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Animated GIFS

For simple animations use .GIF format

Special type of GIF file known as an animated GIF/GIF89a that provides the animation you need.

Animated GIFs are formally called multi-block GIFs

A series (blocks) of still GIF images within _______________GIF file.

When the GIF document is viewed, the multiple images display, quickly and in succession, and produce a streaming animation

world_tsunami.gif(contains a sequence of

frames in the file)

monkeypoo.gif(contains by Laura’s sister

in Photoshop!)

Page 36: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Animated GIF files - continued Characteristics of an Animated GIF:

File size is affected by: the number of colors amount of noise in the frames (just like other GIF

files)

Only _________ colors

No ___________ Required: Animated GIFs require no plug-ins, and the authoring tools to create them are often free and easy to learn.

No Sound: If you need sound in addition to motion, you cannot use an animated GIF by itself. Instead, you may want to consider other animation alternatives, such as Flash, or even video

Plug-in: A program that permits web browser to access and execute files that the browser would not normally recognize. Flash uses Shockwave

Page 37: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Using Photoshop to make an animated gif

Page 38: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Sources of Animation

Animation clip art websites available on Internet for free or at cost: http://www.animation-central.com/misc.htm

The ones for a cost are more professional and creative

Create each image that corresponds to a frame using a draw or paint program

Create animations with software (Photoshop, Flash) Multimedia authoring programs like Macromedia Director allow

you to easily create path animations

Page 39: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Other Animation File Types Animated Gifs (.gif) (universal)

Flash (.fla, .swf) (by Adobe)

Macromedia Director

Sophisticated Animations: Strata 3D, LightWave, 3D Studio Max, Maya, and

Houdini

Page 40: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Animation File Types

Flash Software

• Flash uses the .FLA file extension for source files

• .SWF extension for the Flash movie that is created and played.• .swf originally meant “Shockwave Flash” but now “Small Web Format”

• Animation is choreographed using one or more sequential timelines in which actions and interactions are defined

Animation is choreographed using one or more sequential timelines in which actions and interactions are defined

Page 41: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Animation Software Flash Professional CS3–?

A multimedia authoring and playback system

Launched in 1996 by Macromedia/ Adobe bought in 2005

Flash became popular for its animated graphics

Responsible for much of the animations, advertisements and video components found on today's Web sites

Flash is the industry's most advanced authoring environment for creating interactive websites, digital experiences and mobile content.

Cool Websites that use Flash:http://www.zapiram.es/ http://www.pablogaribay.com/

Page 42: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Animation Software

Why Is Flash So Popular? Professional designs Interactive content rich with video, graphics, animation Import multimedia elements from other applications Support _____________ graphics:

much more space efficient over bitmapped frames scale up with accurate detail no matter how large the window is

resized by the user. Flash Player is a __________________ that works with

popular Web browsers to play the animation Adobe Flash Player is the standard for delivering high-

impact, rich Web content. Designs, animation, and application user interfaces are deployed immediately across all browsers and platforms

Page 43: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Animation Software.swf originally meant “Shockwave Flash” but now “Small Web Format”

flv (used on YouTube) or swf (Flash Animations) ?

Animated GIF Flash Director

Created by Depends Flash Director

Extension Source depends.gif (movie)

.fla (source)

.swf (movie).dir (source).dcr (movie)

Size Larger than normal gif

Vector images take up less space than GIF bitmapped images

Vector images take up less space than GIF bitmapped images

Uses Banners, small areas

Interactive video, graphics, animation

More interactive sites

Need to play it Nothing Flash Player (Free and works with most browsers)

Web browser plug in (The Shockwave Player)

No sound

Sound Sound

Page 44: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Essential Flash Essential Flash TerminologyTerminology

Question: What kind of tween would have been used in this Flash animation?

Stage: rectangular area where the visible motion will take place Timeline: series of frames in a row and stacks of layers.

Indicates key frames, regular frames and empty frames Shape: basic shapes drawn with the shape tools, line tool or a

single letter

Symbol: store in a library and can be reused. Changes to the library symbol will result in changes in all of the copies of this symbol currently on the stage. Graphic: static graphic, can be used in other symbos Button: interactive part of animation with user, responds to

mouse clicks and rollovers. Movieclip: reusable piece of animation, can turn a simple

animation into a movieclip symbol and reuse it.

Page 45: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Essential Flash TerminologyEssential Flash Terminology

Tweening: Creating the intermediate frames based on the starting keyframe and ending keyframe. There are 2 types of tweens:

Motion Guide: lets you animation an object along a path that you draw yourself. Only works with symbols

Motion Tween Shape Tween

Works with symbols only Works with shapes only

Can’t morph (only movement) Can morph shapes

Only one symbol per layer if the symbol will have a motion tween

Can have more than one shape per layer but be careful, depends on what you want to morph

Can be used with motion guide Can’t use motion guide

Page 46: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Animation in the Movies

Digital Video 1983 Star Trek the Wrath of Khan –

dead planet transformed to lush earth-like habitat

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWOK#Effects

Digital Animation What was the first full length film that was

created entirely with digital animation. What year did it come out?

1995

Animation History: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SaJxnTf44eg&feature=related

Page 47: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Animation in the Movies

Short Clip From Titanic

Making of the Titanic Making of the Titanic

Page 48: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Animation in the Movies

Movies - Visual effects: Terminator II liquid metal cyborg Jurassic Park dinosaurs Titanic Star Wars

Page 49: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Animation in the Movies

12 Highest Gross Earnings made so far by Computer Generated Animations worldwide

at of 2007.

01: $881 million - Shrek 2 (Dreamworks) 02: $865 million - Finding Nemo (Pixar) 03: $624 million - The Incredibles(Pixar) 04: $624 million - Ice Age 2 (Bluesky) 05: $529 million - Monster Inc. (Pixar) 06: $486 million - Toy Story 2 (Pixar) 07: $455 million - Shrek (Dreamworks) 08: $455 million - Cars (Pixar) 09: $406 million - Madagascar (Dreamworks) 10: $378 million - Ice Age (Bluesky) 11: $358 million - Toy Story (Pixar) 12: $358 million - A bug's life (Pixar)

Can anyone guess what was the highest grossing computer generated

film?

Page 50: Introduction to Multimedia Lecture #8 Animation Instructors: Mohamed MAGANGA

Let’s Review

Name two types of 2-D animation. What is the term for the computer

generated frames between the starting frame and ending frame?