Introduction to Human Body Systems

The Tissues

Levels of OrganizationMolecules (like DNA and proteins)OrganellesCellsTissuesOrgansOrgan SystemsOrganismPopulationsCommunities

Levels of Organization

A bunch of cells make up tissues (like muscular tissue)Tissues come together to form organs (like a heart)Organs work together in organ systems (like the circulatory system)Organ systems work together to make organisms (like humans)

Guess the Organ Systems…

What are some organ systems that you can think of?

TissuesAll of the organ systems are made up of just four TYPES of tissues

Epithelial tissueConnective tissueMuscle tissueNervous tissue

Each tissue type contains many different tissues

Epithelial Tissue

Function: cover, protect, secrete and absorb makes up various surfaces.

Cuboidal: Single layer of cube like cells.

Columnar: Single layer of tall slender cells; may have microvilli at free surface.

Connective TissueProperties: living cells are separated by a nonliving matrix, which is usually secreted by the cells themselves. The MATRIX gives the tissue its properties.White fibrous tissue: collagen fibrils secreted by fibroblasts. Makes up the tendons and ligaments.Bone: Extremely hard with calcium salts in matrix. Cells are called osteocytes arranged is Haversian system.Adipose: Fat storage. Large storage structure with nucleus moved to side.Blood: Matrix is liquid (plasma) and is NOT formed by the blood cells themselves. Various cells: erythrocytes, various types of leucocytes, and platelets or thrombocytes.

White Fibrous Tissue

Bone

Bone Tissue

Adipose Tissue

Blood

(Plasma is on top)

Muscle Tissue

Function: specialized for contraction. Have elongated shape containing proteins that undergo changes in shape to cause shortening. Smooth muscle: controlled by autonomic nervous system, involuntary control.Skeletal muscle: striated muscle moved under voluntary control. Cells are multinucleated.Cardiac muscle: Found only in the heart. Striated, branched, with one nucleus. Under autonomic nervous control.

Nervous Tissue

Function: Receives stimulus from internal and external environment which is converted into action potentials which evoke appropriate responses.

Picture

Organs

Multiple tissue or tissue layers form organs…What type of tissue do you think make up the following organs/structures-

IntestinesHeartSkinBones

Organ Systems

Organs that work together make up organ systems…

Do you think all organs belong to only one organ system?

Do you think that all organ systems operate independently of one another?

Guess that Organ System

What organ system do you think the following organs belong to?

Heart

Skin

Liver

Lung

Kidney

Intestine

Blood cells

What is/are the function(s) of the various organ systems…how do they fit together?

Integunmunintary Skeletal SystemMuscular SystemCirculatory SystemRespiratory SystemDigestive SystemExcretory SystemImmune SystemNervous SystemEndocrine SystemReproductive System

A few relationships…

Circulatory and respiratory systems – the blood carries oxygen to the cells…

Circulatory and digestive systems – the blood carries nutrients to the cells…

Endocrine and reproductive systems – hormones in the endocrine system help the reproductive system function

Integunmunintary and immune system – our skin is our first line of defense against germs

Nervous and all systems – the brain and nervous system help control them all!