Introduction to Biomedical Engineering

What is Biomedical Engineering ?

• It is application of engineering principles and design concepts to biology and medicine to improve the health of society.

• It is defined as the application of knowledge gained by cross fertilization of engineering and biological sciences so that both will be more fully utilized for the benefit of man.

What is Biomedical Instrumentation ?

• Tools provided to measure different physiological variables (biological variables) of a living being is called biomedical instrumentation.

History behind biomedical engineering

• First biomedical equipment used in 19th century was X-Ray machine which was invented in 1895.

• Later development included ECG, STETHESCOPE, BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORS, MRI, ULTRA SOUND SCANNING.

Main reason behind invention of biomedical equipment

NASA

Need for biomedical engineering

Need of biomedical engineering

• Promising future development• Improves medicine, save lives• Numerous possibilities based on level of

biology and engineering specialty• There is a vital advantage over many fields

is aimed at keeping people healthy.

Need for instrumentation

• The need for instrumentation to make proper and accurate measurements.

• This involves the design, use and maintenance of biomedical instrumentation come from either life science or from engineering

• All measurements depend essentially on the detection, acquisition, display.

BRANCHES OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

• Medical Instrumentation• Bio materials• System physiology and modeling• Bio signal processing• Medical imaging• Bio mechanics and Rehabilitation

Biomedical Instrumentation

• It is the application of electronics and measurement techniques to develop the devices used in diagnosis and treatment of disease.

Biomaterials

• Use of material both living and artificial materials for implantation.

System physiology and modeling

• Modeling refers to use of scientific and engineering principles predict the behavior of a system of interest may include human body, particularly body organs.

Bio signal processing

• Involves collection and analysis of data from patients and experiments in an effort to understand and identify individual components of the data set or signal.

Medical imaging

• It combines the knowledge of a unique physical phenomenon with high speed electronic data processing analysis and display to generate an image.

Biomechanics and Rehabilitation

• Biomechanics applies both fluid mechanics and transport phenomena to biological and medical issues.

• Rehabilitation enhances the capabilities and improve the quantity of life for individuals with physical cognitive impairments.

Branches of Biomedical Instrumentation

• Clinical Instrumentation• Research Instrumentation

Clinical Instrumentation

• Clinical instrumentation is basically devoted to diagnosis, care and treatment of patients.

• Its very simple to use if there is sufficient knowledge.

Research Instrumentation

• This instrumentation is primarily based on developing new knowledge pertaining to the various systems that compose the human organism.

Types of measurements in Biomedical Instrumentation

• In vivoA in vivo measurement is one that is made on or within the living organism itself.

• In vitroA in vitro measurement is one performed outside the body even though it relates to function of the body.

Man Instrumentation system

• The overall system which includes both the human organism and the instrumentation required for the measurement of man is called as man-instrument system.

Objectives of man-instrument system

• Information gathering• Diagnosis• Evaluation• Monitoring• Control

Components of man-instrumentation system

• Subject• Stimulus• The transducer• Signal conditioning equipment• Display equipment• Recording and data processing• Control devices