Introduction To

ANDROID

ByD.Kaviarasu,

MCA

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Introduction to Android

Android is a Linux-based operating system for mobile devices such as Smartphone and tablet computers, developed by Google in conjunction with the Open Handset Alliance.

Android was initially developed by Android Inc., whom Google financially backed and later purchased in 2005.

The unveiling of the Android distribution in 2007 was announced with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance…

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

What is Android?

Open software platform for mobile development.

A complete stack – OS, Middleware, Applications.

An Open Handset Alliance (OHA) project.

Powered by Linux operating system.

Fast application development in Java.

Open source under the Apache license

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Origin of Android

Andy Rubin

Android was founded in Palo Alto, California in

October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick

Sears and Chris white who work at “Google”

to develop.

“smarter mobile devices that are more aware

of its owner’s location and preferences.”

Android was bought by “Google” in 2005.

On the 5th of the November 2007 the open handset Alliance, a

consortium of several Companies was unveiled with the goal to

develop open standards for mobile services.

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Open Handset Alliance (OHA)

The OHA is a group of hardware and software developers,

including Google, NTT DoCoMo, Sprint Nextel, and HTC …

Goal

Accelerate innovation in mobile

Offer consumers a richer, less expensive, and better mobile

experience

OHA have developed Android™, the first complete, open, and

free mobile platform

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Open Handset Alliance (OHA)

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Android Architecture

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Linux Kernel

Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system

services such as device drivers, security, memory

management ,process management.

The kernel also acts as an abstraction layer between the

hardware and the rest of the software stack.

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Libraries

Includes a set of C/C++ libraries.

Interface through Java.

Surface manager – Handling UI

Windows.

2D and 3D graphics.

Media codecs, SQLite, Browser engine.

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Android Runtime

Dalvik VM (translator between the application side and

the operating system)

Dex files (.dex)format

Compact and efficient than class files

Limited memory and battery power

Core Libraries

Java 5 Std edition

Collections, I/O etc…

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Application Framework

Framework elements are: Intents , Content Providers ,

Views and managers

This layer has been designed to facilitate the reuse of

components in android

Developers can build their applications to execute on

android kernel and inter-operate among themselves

and with existing applications.

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Applications

Android will ship with a set of core applications

including an

Email client,

SMS program,

Calendar,

Contacts & others….

All the applications are written using the Java

programming language.

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Features of Android

Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of

components

Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices

Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2D graphics library;

3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 specification (hardware acceleration optional)

SQLite for structured data storage Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats

(MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)

GSM Telephony (hardware dependent)

Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and Wi-Fi (hardware dependent)

Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware

dependent) Rich development environment including a device emulator,

tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling, and a plugin for the Eclipse IDE

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Versions of Android

Alpha (1.0)

Beta (1.1)

Cupcake (1.5)

Donut (1.6)

Eclair (2.0–2.1)

Froyo (2.2–2.2.3)

Gingerbread (2.3–2.3.7)

Honeycomb (3.0–3.2.6)

Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0–4.0.4)

Jelly Bean (4.1–4.3.1)

KitKat (4.4–4.4.4)

"L" release (developer preview)

Each version after "Astro" and "Bender" is named in alphabetical order after a dessert or sugary treat, with 1.5 "Cupcake" being the first and every update since following this naming convention.

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Pre-commercial release versionsAlpha(1.0) & Beta (1.1)

Android 1.0 - Alpha There were at least two internal

releases inside Google and the OHA before the Beta was released in November 2007.

For the milestones in internal releases, names of fictional robots were chosen, with various releases code-named "Astro Boy", "Bender" and "R2-D2”.

Dan Morrill created some of the first mascot logos, but the current green Android logo was designed by Irina Blok

Android 1.1- Beta

The Beta was released on November

5, 2007,while the software

development kit (SDK) was released

on November 12, 2007.

The November 5 date is popularly

celebrated as Android's "birthday".

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Android 1.5 (Cupcake)

The Cupcake was launched in 30 April

2009

Based on Linux Kernel 2.6.27

Faster Camera start up and image capture

Much faster GPS

Onscreen Soft Keyboard

Directly uploads videos to YouTube and

Picasa

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Android 1.6 (Donut)

The Donut was launched in 15 September 2009

Based on Linux Kernel 2.6.29 – Quick Search

Box and Voice Search

Integrated camera, camcorder and gallery,

toggle between still and video capture modes

Battery usage indicator

CDMA support

Multilingual text-to-speech function

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Android 2.0–2.1 (Eclair)

The Éclair was Launched in 26 October 2009

Multiple Accounts for email and contact

synchronization

New browser User-Interface and support for

HTML 5

New Calendar features

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Android 2.2–2.2.3 (Froyo)

The Froyo was Launched on 20 May, 2010

Based on Linux Kernel 2.6.32

New tips widget for home screen

Improve exchange support

Multiple keyboard language

Adobe Flash Player 10.1

HotSpot

Application Update functionality

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Android 2.3–2.3.7 (Gingerbread)

Gingerbread was launched on 6 December,

2010

UI refinements for simplicity and speed

New keyboard for faster text input

One-touch word selection and copy/paste

Internet calling(VoIP Call)

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Android 3.0–3.2.6 (Honeycomb)

Honeycomb was launched on 22 Feb, 2011

Specially optimized for tablets and devices

with larger screen sizes

Refined multitasking, rich notification home

screen customizations widgets

Bluetooth-in support for Media/Picture

Transfer Protocol

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Android 4.0–4.0.4 (Ice Cream Sandwich)

Ice Cream Sandwich was launched 19 Oct, 2011

Simple, Beautiful, Useful, Refined, evolved UI

Home screen folders and favourites tray

Resizable widgets

New lock screen actions

Quick responses for incoming calls

Improved text input and spell-checking

Powerful web browsing

Contents

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages

Conclusion

Android 4.1–4.3.1 (Jelly Bean)

Jelly Bean was launched on 13 nov 2012

Android 4.2 introduces an all new Gesture Keyboard

Android 4.2 lets you place widgets on your device's lock screen to give you faster access to your calendar, Gmail, SMS

Support for group messaging via MMS.

Wi-Fi Direct support has been improved, so your device can now remember other devices.

Use the phone app in landscape orientation or while in a car dock

Improved TalkBack support with a single tap dialpad.

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Android 4.4–4.4.4 (KitKat)

Google announced Android 4.4 KitKat, internally known as Project Svelte, on 3 September 2013. 

KitKat was launched on 31, October 2013

Released on Refreshed interface with white elements instead of blue

Wireless printing capability

Web Views now based on Chromium engine

New framework for UI transitions

Expanded functionality for notification listener services

Storage access framework for retrieving content and documents from other sources

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Android L

Android "L" (working title) is an upcoming release of the Android mobile operating system developed by Google, unveiled on June 25, 2014 and released in beta the next day for select Google Nexus devices.

Its formal version number and official codename have not yet been announced.

The most prominent changes to "L" include a redesigned user interface built around a responsive design language referred to as "material design".

Internal changes were also made to the platform, with the Android Runtime (ART) officially replacing Dalvik for improved application performance, and changes intended to improve and optimize battery usage.

Alongside "Android L” focus Android-oriented platforms and technologies, including Android TV, in-car platform Android Auto, wearable computing platform Android Wear, and health tracking platform Google Fit.

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Android Development

DEVELOPMENT REQUIREMENTS JAVA Android SDK Eclipse IDE (or ) MonoDevelop (Xamarin)

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES JAVA – officially supported.

The Android SDK provides you the API libraries and developer tools necessary to build, test, and debug apps for Android.

If you're a new Android developer, we recommend you download the ADT Bundle to quickly start developing apps. With a single download, the ADT Bundle includes everything you need to begin developing apps:

Eclipse + ADT plugin Android SDK Tools Android Platform-tools The latest Android platform The latest Android system image for the emulators

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages of Android

Advantages: Android is open: because it is Linux based open source so it can be

developed by anyone.

Easy access to the Android App Market: Android owners are people who love to learn the phone, with Google's Android App Market you can download applications for free.

Populist Operating System: Android Phones, different from the iOS is limited to the iphone from Apple, then Android has many manufacturers, with their respective flagship gadget from HTC to Samsung.

USB full facilities. You can replace the battery, mass storage, DiskDrive, and USB tethering.

Easy in terms of notification: the operating system is able to inform you of a new SMS, Email, or even the latest articles from an RSS Reader.

Supports all Google services: Android operating system supports all of google services ranging from Gmail to Google reader. all google services can you have with one operating system, namely Android.

Install ROM modification: There are many custom ROM that you can use on Android phones, and the guarantee will not harm your device.

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Advantages & Disadvantages of Android

Disadvantage: Connected to the Internet: Android can be said is in need of an active

internet connection. At least there should be a GPRS internet connection in your area, so that the device is ready to go online to suit our needs.

Sometimes slow device company issued an official version of Android your own.

Android Market is less control of the manager, sometimes there are malware.

As direct service providers, users sometimes very difficult to connect with the Google.

Sometimes there are ads: because it is easy and free, sometimes often a lot of advertising. In appearance it does not interfere with the performance of the application itself, as it sometimes is in the top or bottom of the application.

Wasteful Batteries, This is because the OS is a lot of "process" in the background causing the battery quickly drains.

Introduction

What is Android?

Origin of Android

Open Handset Alliance

Architecture

Features of Android

Versions of Android

Android Development

Conclusion

Android is truly open, free development platform based on Linux and open

source.

Handset makers can use & customize the platform without paying a royalty.

Android is open to all: industry, developers and users

Participating in many of the successful open source projects

Aims to be as easy to build for as the web

Google Android is stepping into the next level of Mobile Internet