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Environmental Biotechnology IEnvironmental Biotechnology I-Disha Jeswani

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What is EnvironmentalWhat is Environmental

Biotechnology (EBT)?Biotechnology (EBT)?y International Society for Environmental

Biotechnology defines EBT as the

development, use and regulation of

biological systems for remediation ofcontaminated environments (land, air,

water), and for environment-friendly

processes (green manufacturingtechnologies and sustainable

development)".

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Applications of EBTApplications of EBT

y Agricultural Biotechnology (Geneticallymodified plants exhibiting pesticideresistance)

y Bioremediation- oil spills, air treatment,heavy metal and radiation contamination

y Waste water treatmenty Green technologies-Renewable sources of

energyy Applications in Genetics (Mutated gene

adapted to a new environment usedindustrially)

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PollutionPollution

y Any undesirable change in the physical,chemical or biological characteristics of air,water and soil that may harmfully affect the

life or create a potential health hazard of anyliving organism

Pollutant

y Any solid, liquid or gaseous substancepresent in such concentration as may be ortend to be injurious to the environment

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Major Pollutants of air, H2o and soilMajor Pollutants of air, H2o and soil

y Deposited matter- soot, smoke, dust, grit etc.

y Gases-S, N, C, Halogens

y Acid droplets

y Fluorides

y Metals-Hg,Pb, Fe, Zn, Ni, Sn, Cd, Cr etc.

y Agrochemicals- Pesticides and Fertilizers

y Photochemical oxidants-Photochemical smog, peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN), O3, NO, aldehydes, ethylene, peroxybenzolnitrate

y Solid waste

y Radioactive waste

y

Complex organic substances-benzene, ethers, organic acids etc.y Particulate matter

y Noise

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Noise PollutionNoise Pollution

y Noise-Unwanted or unpleasant sound that causesdiscomfort

Sources:

y Automobiles, trains, planes, industries, religiousoccasions

Properties of sound

y Loudness-Strength of sensation of sound perceived by

individual. Bearable-80dB.WHO tolerable level is45dB

y Frequency-Number of vibrations per second Hz.Audible range for humans-16 -20kHz

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Effects of Noise PollutionEffects of Noise PollutionAuditory

y Auditory fatigue (above 90dB) associated with whistling andbuzzing

y Deafness-continuous exposure to high levels of sound. Usuallyabove 100dB can cause permanent deafness

Non-auditory

y Interference with speech communication

y Annoyance-ill temper, bickering

y Loss of working efficiency

y P

hysiological disorders-neurosis, anxiety, insomnia, hypertension,hepatic diseases, sweating, gidiness, fatigue.Affects respiration,circulation of blood,, peptic ulcers.

y Continuous noise-increase in cholesterol

y Sonic boon-startle effect

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Noise Intensity (dB) Health Hazards

y 80

y 90

y 95

y 110

y 120

y 130-135y 140

y 150

y 160

y

180

y Annoyance

y Hearing damagey Very annoying

y Stimulation of reception in skin

y Pain threshold

y Nausea, vomiting, dizziness

y Pain in eary Burning of skin

y Rupture of tympanic membrane(eardrum)

y Major permanent damage inshort time

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Control MeasuresControl Measures

y At source-designing silencing devices andsegregating noisy machines

y Transmission control-sound absorbers asacoustic tiles and enclosures

y Protection against exposure-ear plugs andmuffs

y Vegetation cover-buffer zone.Ashok, Neem,Tamarind etc.

y Law on Noise included inAir PollutionControlAct

y Education