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62 * 58 * 48 cm Introducing the ToF-ACSM presented by Mike Cubison, Tofwerk AG

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Page 1: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

62 * 58 * 48 cm

Introducing the ToF-ACSM

presented by Mike Cubison, Tofwerk AG

Page 2: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Aerodyne ACSM

● Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor

● The instrument presented here:● has NO CHOPPER● has hardware setup optimised for MONITORING

It is not the mini-AMS! (Pete is up next to talk about that)

But it shares many features with it

Page 3: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Design criteria - Hardware

Page 4: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Design criteria - Hardware● Use a TOF spectrometer … !

● Seek compromise between sensitivity and $$● m/dm sufficient for unit-mass analysis with clear baseline determination

“E-TOF”

Page 5: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Design criteria - Hardware● Use a TOF spectrometer … !

● Seek compromise between sensitivity and $$● m/dm sufficient for unit-mass analysis with clear baseline determination

● Minimise size & weight

Page 6: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Design criteria - Hardware● Use a TOF spectrometer … !

● Seek compromise between sensitivity and $$● m/dm sufficient for unit-mass analysis with clear baseline determination

● Minimise size & weight● Orientation not constrained

The “Taurus”

Page 7: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Design criteria - Hardware● Use a TOF spectrometer … !

● Seek compromise between sensitivity and $$● m/dm sufficient for unit-mass analysis with clear baseline determination

● Minimise size & weight● Orientation not constrained● Simple vacuum system

Only 2 pumps

Page 8: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Design criteria - Hardware● Use a TOF spectrometer … !

● Seek compromise between sensitivity and $$● m/dm sufficient for unit-mass analysis with clear baseline determination

● Minimise size & weight● Orientation not constrained● Simple vacuum system● Electronics capable of handling upgraded spectrometer

“TPS 2.0”

One TOF power supply for all Tofwerk spectrometers

Page 9: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Design criteria - Hardware● Use a TOF spectrometer … !

● Seek compromise between sensitivity and $$● m/dm sufficient for unit-mass analysis with clear baseline determination

● Minimise size & weight● Orientation not constrained● Simple vacuum system● Electronics capable of handling upgraded spectrometer● Robust detector

● can handle atmospheric pressure● long lifetime

SGE dynode detector

Operation voltage range: 2850 → 4500 V

after 2 months continuous operation we are running at 3000 V

Page 10: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Design criteria - Hardware● Use a TOF spectrometer … !

● Seek compromise between sensitivity and $$● m/dm sufficient for unit-mass analysis with clear baseline determination

● Minimise size & weight● Orientation not constrained● Simple vacuum system● Electronics capable of handling upgraded spectrometer● Robust detector

● can handle atmospheric pressure● long lifetime

● Data acquisition (DAQ) system● Large dynamic range● Economical● Data rate sufficient for m/dm of spectrometer... and not more● Averaging and thresholding → noise suppression

Page 11: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

The new DAQ system

SP Devices ADQ114

● Large dynamic range → signal is digitised into 214 discrete levels● Economical → internal timing → no NI timer card● Appropriate data rate

● 0.8 Gsamples/s, up to 200 MS per second at ~100% duty cycle● Averaging and thresholding

● On-board averaging of 64 kExtractions (~ 1 second)

Page 12: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Design criteria - Software

Challenge: Design DAQ and analysis software that

1) Gives basic ACSM time-series data with minimal user input

2) Provides an environment for academic users to perform complex data analysis tasks

Page 13: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Design criteria - Software● Layered, modular DAQ software

● Acquisition through library → not hardware specific● User-interface and acquisition handled separately

REALLY easy-to-use DAQ interface

supported by

a complex full-featured recording exectuable

Page 14: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Design criteria - Software● Layered, modular DAQ software

● Acquisition through library → not hardware specific● User-interface and acquisition handled separately

● Automated data crunching● No need for post-processing to get at time series data

Page 15: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Design criteria - Software● Layered, modular DAQ software

● Acquisition through library → not hardware specific● User-interface and acquisition handled separately

● Automated data crunching● No need for post-processing to get at time series data

● Automated start-up and operation● Resume acquisition upon hard restart● Control instrument voltages● Handle interlock condition● Maintain detector sensitivity

Page 16: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Design criteria - Software● Layered, modular DAQ software

● Acquisition through library → not hardware specific● User-interface and acquisition handled separately

● Automated data crunching● No need for post-processing to get at time series data

● Automated start-up and operation● Resume acquisition upon hard restart● Control instrument voltages● Handle interlock condition● Maintain detector sensitivity

● Full remote-control capability● Not just remote desktop● Auto-export to web → data accessible via PC / phone app● Control basic instrument functions via web-based applications

Page 17: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

All in all, what is new?

Shared with the AMS family Specific to ToF-ACSMSpectrometer * Spectrometer *

Detector * Detector *

Aerodynamic inlet DAQ hardware & software

Heater & ioniser Vacuum system (except backing pump)

TOF pulser & pre-amplifier Electronics (TPS, heater etc)

Distribution & support by Aerodyne PC

* The TOF and detector are “hot-swappable” with this instrument!

Prototype has:● Grid-less E-TOF → less performance, less $$● SGE dynode detector → less ions detected, longer lifetime, robustness

→ minimising price at expense of performance: the “monitoring” instrument

Page 18: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Measuring aerosol

Standard AMS aerodynamic lens(Liu 1995, Zhang 2002,2004)

ACSM inlet-valveswitching system(Ng 2011)

Orifice

a very important design criterium

Page 19: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Measuring aerosolcf ToF-AMS “Fast mode” (Kimmel et al, 2011)

Duty cycle: Bkgnd = 17 %Total = 73 %

Page 20: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

3-sigma(ng/m3)

Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers

comm.)

ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF)

Ammonium 2656 170*

Organic 1380 198Sulphate 230 17Nitrate 103 19

Chloride 97 9

1-minute sensitivity limits

But the big problem is the interference of air molecules in the organic fragmentation pattern

→ we have to work out how to pump them away

● Mass range of TOF up to 200 Th● Only to 100 Th → sensitivity up 25%

● Detector voltage set low to maximise lifetime

● Using dynode detector● MCPs → sensitivity up 100%

● Using E-TOF● C-TOF → sensitivity up 40 %

* Using new frags!

Page 21: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Ammonium fragmentation

ARCTAS H-ToF-AMS dataCalifornia Central Valley

Page 22: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Example of sensitivity

Organic “difference” time-series

Page 23: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Test sensitivity for real

Jungfraujoch High-Alpine Research Station

TofwerkThun, Switzerland

Page 24: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

JFJ lab

Page 25: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

In conclusion

There is another new member of the AMS family

● Small and convenient

● Improved specs on the DAQ and electronics

● In monitoring configuration, sensitivity is ~ 10 x that of the Quad

● Full remote control, including from mobile platforms

● Automatic data-crunching

● “Involved” complex post-processing still available for academics!

● Choice of spectrometer and detector to suit application

● There is more work to be done on the vacuum system!!

Page 26: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

Cheers to

Go visit Aerodyne in the exhibitors hall

The ToF-ACSM was realised thanks to

Aerodyne:John JayneJoel KimmelDoug Worsnop

Drexel:Pete DeCarlo

PSI:Roman FröhlichAndre PrévôtJay SlowikUrs Baltensperger

Tofwerk:Urs RohnerChristian TannerMarc GoninKatrin Fuhrer

Funding:KTI

Page 27: Introducing the ToF-ACSM - welcome | CIREScires.colorado.edu/.../UsersMtg13/AAAR2012_Cubison_ToFACSM_ · Q-ACSM (Jayne, pers comm.) ToF-ACSM (SGE, E-TOF) Ammonium 2656 170* Organic

END