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Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition

y oes ma er

LightCO2

Heat

a er u r en s

Ca acit of a soil to su ort roduction of aspecific crop.

Measured in terms of yield/biomass

Productivity depends on adequate moisture,

climate (temperature, rainfall).

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Soils ca acit to su l elements essential forplant growth

Measured: - directly (concentration of nutrients)

- indirectly (productive capacity)

Soil fertility is relative to the plant being

Civilization depends on agriculture

A riculture de ends on soil roductivit

fertility

World Population Growth

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Food Production and Nourishment

US agricultural productivity

ren s n arm an s

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World Fertilizer Consumption

80

100

ns

60nTo Nitrogen

P2O5

20Milli K2O

NO3-

0

1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020

Location of North American phosphate

SKMB

BCAB

ND

ON

WA

OR

MT

MN

PQ

NB

NS

PEI

ME

VT

ID

SD

NY

PA

OHINIL

IA

WIMI

WY

NV

NH

MA

CTRI

NE

MD

NJ

UT

CA

AZ M

KS

MO

KY

WVVA

MD

DE

NC

TNOK

CO

AR

TX LA

MS AL GA

SC

Potash mines

Phosphate rock mines

FL

Total Reserves: 13,224 million tons

Life of Reserves: 88 years

US Reserves: 1,102 million tons

Life of US Reserves: 25 years

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Total Reserves: 9,256 million tons

Factors Affecting Plant Growth

and Yield

Climate: rain, temperature, light, wind, etc.

Crop: variety, planting date, pests, etc.

Soil: fertilit , structure, texture, etc.

Textbook Table 1-6

be no greater than that allowed by

e mos m ng grow ac or

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e g s na ogy o a arre

Seeding rate

P and seeding rate

Water, P and seeding rate

N

Seeding rate

P and seeding rate

Water, P and seeding rate

N

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Seeding rate

P and seeding rate

Water, P and seeding rate

N

Seeding rate

P and seeding rate

Water, P and seeding rate

NN

Essential Plant Nutrients

Classification: Quantitative Abundance

Carbon

H dro en

Iron

Zinc

Oxygen Nitrogen

Boron Molybdenum

Phosphorous

Potassium

Copper

Manganese

Calcium

Sulfur

Chloride

Nickel

agnes um

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Classification of Nutrients based on

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Classification of Nutrients: Function

Classification of Nutrients: Function

Classification of Nutrients: Mobility

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S deficiency

N deficienc

r ca ange

Steenberg effect

World Fertilizer Consumption

80

100

ns

60

onT

oNitrogenP2O5

20Milli K2O

NO3-

0

1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020

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EUTROPHICATIONNatural Process Accelerated by land use

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Extent of H oxia in the Gulf of Mexico

Frequency of Occurrence 1985 - 1999

Distribution of frequency of occurrence of midsummer hypoxia

based on data from Rabalais, Turner and Wiseman

-,

page 14-27