Commercial wastecontains ofwastefrom premise used in wholly or mainly for the purposes of atradeorbusinessor for the purpose ofsport,recreation,educationor entertainmentbut not includinghousehold;agriculturalorindustrial waste.Generally, Commercial is an expecting to make their own arrangements for the collection treatment and disposal of their wastes. Shops contains smallest wastage and trading estates where is local authority waste collection agreements are in place will generally be treated asmunicipal waste.

MunicipalSolid Waste(MSW) is a nutrient source for plants and assoil conditioneris themost cost effectivesoption of MSWmanagementbecause of its advantages over traditionalism means such as landfilling or incineration.Agriculturalapplication of MSW could leads to apotential environmentally threatdue to thepresence of pathogensand toxicpollutants. Composting is an attractivealternative of MSW recycling.Application of MSWcompost (MSWC) in agriculturalsoilscan directly alter soil physicochemical propertiesaswell aspromoteplantgrowth. The soil microbial biomass,considered astheliving partof soil organic matter,isvery closely related to the soil organic matter contentin many arableagriculturalsoils. Numerous studies, with differentMSWC amendmentdoses on differentsoiltypesand underdifferentwater regimes revealed nodetrimental effecton soil microbial biomass.In this review, we showthestate of artabout theeffects of MSWC amendmenton soilMicrobialbiomass.

1.1 WASTEWaste is garbage rubbish, trash, and junk is unwanted or undesired material, contains of different types of waste. It could exist as a solid, liquid, or gas or as waste heat. The wastes could be referred to as emissions, when released in the latter two states. Its usually strongly linked with pollution. Waste may also be intangible in the case of wasted time or wasted opportunities. The term waste implies things, which have been used inefficiently or inappropriately.Some waste component could be recycled once recovered from the waste stream, e.g. plastic bottles, metals, glass or paper. The biodegradable component of wastes (e.g. paper & food waste) can be composted or anaerobically digested to produce soil improvers and renewable fuels. If it is not dealt with sustainably in this manner biodegradable waste can contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and by implication climate change.Waste have two main definitions whereas One view comes from the individual or organization producing the material, the second is the view of Government, and is set out in different acts of waste legislation. The two have to combine to ensure the safe and legal disposal of the waste.

1.2 MANAGEMENTThe process of and/or the personnel leading and directing all or part of an organization (often a business) through the deployment and manipulation of resources (human, financial, material, intellectual or intangible) are known as Management. The Oxford English Dictionary states, the word "manage" come from the Italian manage are (to handle especially a horse), which in turn derives from the Latin minus (hand). The French word managements (later management) influenced the development in meaning of the English word management in the 17th and 18th centuries.

1.3 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTExplosion of population coupled with improved life style of people thats results in increasing generation of solid wastes in urban as well as rural areas of the country. At the present scenario, the municipal solid waste disposal methods followed in many of the cities and towns are unsystematic and unscientific and involve dumping in low-lying areas. Most of the disposal sites are just uncontrolled dumps where a mixture of domestic, commercial, industrial and hospital wastes is thrown away at the dumping sites. Apart from creating air pollution, ground water contamination & soil contamination, open dumping of wastes generally becomes breeding ground for various dreadful disease causing pathogens and vectors, particularly in the vicinity of the disposal sites.For Further assessments with increasing awareness of public on environmental and health issues, there is a general opinion that the standardize of services with respect to collection and disposal of municipal solid waste is progressively declining. It is also true in many cities as half of the solid waste generated remains unattended.An objective of the Solid Waste (SW) Management is to maintain clean and hygienic conditions and reduce the quantity of SW, which has to be disposed of in Sanitary Landfill Facility (SLF) after recovery of waste materials and energy from it.

1.4 TOTAL GENERATED SOLID WASTEThe quantities of waste generated in Indian cities reported to be in the range of 0.2-0.6 kg/capita /day as per the Manual on Solid Waste Management preparing by Central Public Health & Environment Engineering Organization (CPHEEO), Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India. The Waste Generation pattern is very much dependent on the living style of the population. As the major share of the population is labour force in Dibang, the waste generation factor of 0.3 kg/capita/day has been taken into consideration.Highlights are following In India, solid waste generation is about 115,000 tons per day with a yearly increase of about 5%. Researcher studies reveal that the per capita generation rate increases with the size of the city and varies between 0.3 to 0.6 kg/day in the metropolitan areas, values up to 0.5 kg / capita / day have been recorded. The estimated annual increase in per capita waste quantity is about 1.33% per year. The Commonly practiced waste disposal, waste management processes in India include composting, biologicals and incineration of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) pellets for power generation. The eleventh Five Year Plan has envisaged an investment of Rs. 2,212 crores for Solid Waste Management (SWM).A key driver of solid waste management include Legal drivers (e.g. laws and regulations), Regional and international drivers (e.g. solid waste flow as recyclable resources), Socioeconomic drivers (e.g. population trends and public awareness), Technology development and institutional drivers (e.g. available technologies). Of these, the socio-economic drivers seem to be merging as a key driver for SWM. Key Challenges Lack of adequate treatment facilities and inappropriate disposal of waste is considered to be some of the major challenges in this sector.

1.5 SWM IN INDIAManagement of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), continues to remaining one of the most neglecting areas of urban development in India. Density and Magnitude of urban population in India is increasing rapidly and consequently for the higher growth the civic body are facing considerable difficulties in providing adequate services such as supply of water, electricity, roads, education and public sanitation that including Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM).Municipal agencies are spending more about 5-25% of their budget on MSWM. In despite of such a heavy expenditure of the present level of service in many urban areas is so low that there is a threat to public health in particular and to environmentally qualities in general. There are many steps are being taken towards improving the situation.As per estimations, 115,000 tons of solid waste are generated per day in the country. Yearly increasing near about 5% annually. Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) spend about Rs. 500 to Rs. 1,500 per ton on solid waste collection, transportation, treatment and disposal. However, hardly any amount is spent on scientific disposal of waste.This estimated that a solid waste generated in smallest, medium and large cities and towns in India is about 0.1 kg, 0.3 0.4 kg and 0.5 kg per capita per day respectively. By Studies carring out by National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) indicated that the per capita generation rate increases with the size of the city and varies between 0.3 to 0.6 kg/day in the metropolitan areas, values up to 0.5 kg / capita / day have been recorded. The estimated annual increase in per capita waste quantity is about 1.33% per year.

The schematic sketch above illustrates the steps carried out in managing solid waste in India. According to Indias constitution, Solid Waste Management (SWM) falls within the purview of the state government. The activities are entrusted to Urban Local Bodies through state legislations. In most of the Indian cities, the MSW collection, segregation, transportation, processing and disposal is carried out by the respective municipal corporations and the state governments enforce regulatory policies.

1.5 PARTICIPATION OF PRIVATESECTOR IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTIn Metro cities like as Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad etc., garbage disposal is done by Public Private Partnerships (PPPs).The private sector having involvement in door-to-door collections of solid waste, street sweeping in a limited way, secondary storage and transportation and for treatment and disposal of waste.There are so many private firms are carried out Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management (IMSWM) which includes segregation, collection, & transportation, treatment, compost, bimetal, refuse derived fuel, and final disposal. However, there are serious barriers to private sector participation in urban infrastructure as the financial status of ULBs except for a minority, is precarious. Urban sector has seen as a very high-risk sector and also because of it institutional complexities due to multiplicity of agencies involving in service delivery.Further, there is lack of a regulatory or policy enabling framework for PPPs, barring few exceptions, and lack of bankable and financially sustainable projects considering the opportunities and risks involved. There is also a need to rationalize tariffs and user charges.

1.6 KEY DRIVERS ENHANCING SWM AND SOLID WASTE OF ENERGY(i) Legal drivers (e.g. laws and regulations)(ii) Regional and international drivers (e.g. solid waste flow as recyclable resources)(iii) Socio-economic drivers (e.g. population trends and public awareness)(iv) Technology development and institutional drivers (e.g. available technologies)(v) Environmental ProtectionGROUP OF DRIVERSLegal Drivers (Laws and Regulation)

Regional and international drivers(Resource value of waste, e.g.: solidwaste as a recyclable resource)

Socio-Economic Drivers(Population trends, public Awareness,public health)

Technology development andinstitutional drivers

Environmental protection.PERSPECTIVESIn the absence of a strong legislation, competition between cities, toprovide a clean city with good municipal environmental infrastructure,in order to attract (often foreign) investment can be a key driver. Thisappears to be particularly important in India where competition forforeign information technology investment is strong.

Clean development mechanism is extending this to developingcountries (promoted by international financial institutions (IFIs) Provides a livelihood for large numbers of the urban poor India still relies on imports of recycled materials as industrial rawMaterials

Capacity building and good governance are key drivers (beingpromoted by IFIs) Focus is still on food, shelter, security and livelihoods wastebecomes an issue when public health or environmental damageimpacts on these priorities. Public Health - Remains a key driver, particularly in hot climates.Outbreak of diseases such as Plague, Cholera, diarrheal diseasesdue to the uncollected refuse has pushed the government toformulate rules and regulations for SWM.

Ability to perform this function is still limited. Various waste-to-energyalternatives will play a major role as key drivers in the solid waste management industry.

Focus still on initial steps, to phase out uncontrolled disposal. For instance, climate change/energy from waste is emerging as a key driver worldwide the clean development mechanism under the Kyoto protocol is seen as providing an important source of income to encourage cities in developing countries to maintain investments in new landfill sites.