intrapersonal communication
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Intrapersonal Communication . Diyah Ayu Amalia Avina M.Si Avina.lecture.ub.ac.id. Intrapersonal ? . Definition of INTRAPERSONAL : occurring within the individual mind or self < intrapersonal concerns of the aged > . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Intrapersonal Communication
Diyah Ayu Amalia Avina M.Si Avina.lecture.ub.ac.id
Intrapersonal ?
Definition of INTRAPERSONAL
: occurring within the individual mind or self <intrapersonal concerns of the aged>
<http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/intrapersonal>
Intrapersonal Communication
Communication with ourselves or our self talk (Wood, 2001 p 26)
Related with thinking – information processing
Intrapersonal communication?
Information processing within oneself
Stimulus • Receivin
g information
Processing Storage Recall
Intrapersonal communication : a Process
Sensation
Perception
Memory
Thinking
Intrapersonal communication takes place within a single person, often for the purpose of clarifying ideas or analyzing a situation.
Other times, intrapersonal communication is undertaken in order to reflect upon or appreciate something.
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Sensation
Catching or gathering stimulusPart of perception
Sensation refers the immediate response of our sensory receptors
(eyes, ears, nose, mouth, finger) to basic stimuli such as light, color,
sound, odor, and texture(Solomon. 2004:45)
SENSATION
Type of stimulus
Internal
starve
Tootache
Remember about something
External
watching infotainment
Listen to someone else who give you
an order www.themegallery.com
Sensory system
Vision
smell
Sound
Touch
taste
• Colourful, fancy : – younger feel ;• red – passsion ,lust• ; pink – romance; yellow—happy, spirit-
starve ; blue – relaxing, positive feeling of the future, etc
psychology of
Colour
• mourn=• black –west countries ; white – east
countries
culture (learned association)
• woman – mostly bright colour ; oattern sensitive
• Age – adults (older people) has limiatation of ability to see the colour ex – old people choose white car (LEXUS = 60% WHITE)
biological
• Smell creates emotion and feelings
• Ex :• aromatherapy for relaxation • Food aroma create hunger
feelings• Thinking the other - based on
memories
smell
• Level of wordiness, intonation, pitch, melody give a different sensation for a person
• Ex :• Soundtrack of movies : romantic
feelings, • Sound efect :
• Music at department stores consumer feel relax but give a stimuli to keep shooping.
sound
• Sensation when you touch somehing
• ex :• What do you feel when your
boyfriend touch your hand ? • Test drive• Touch the fabrics
Touch / taxtile
• Sweet, sour, salty,
• Ex : toothpaste for children : strawberry taste
• Adults : mint
taste
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PerceptionPerception is the process by
which these sensation are selected, organized, and
interpreted. (Solomon, 2004:45)
WHAT DO YOU THINK?
Perception Process
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Whats wrong? Perception or Sensation ?
Factor that affect perception
Factor that affect
perception
attention
Fuctional factor
Structural factor
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What Do You See?
1. attention
Mental process when one of stimuli has dominate in a person mind
Perceptual Selectivity - we notice only a small amount of what's out there, utilizing Perceptual Filters
Perceptual Vigilance - we tend to notice things immediately important to us
Perceptual Defence - we don't see what we don't want to see
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stimuli
Eksternal(stimulus selection
factor)
Moving object
stimuli intensity (terlihat menonjol)
Novelty(kebaruan),
repetition
Internal(personal selection factor)
biologyPhysical condition mind
sosiopsikologis sosiogenis motive selective attention
Adaptation
Whether we notice things differently or even continue to notice them at all over time depends on how it registers with us in terms of
intensity duration
discrimination exposure
relevance
How much we notice and react to something also depends on the thing itself; its :
size colour position
novelty
2. Functional Factor
Functional factor (personal factor ), based on the characteristic of a person who give response based on his/her past experience
ex : @restaurant– 1. hungry 2.
thirsty – looking for a different menu
Which one is bigger?
3. Structural factor
Based on physical stimuli and neuron effect
Gestalt theory : if some one has perception about something, he/her percepting it as the whole thing
Organizing and interpretating erceptual and cognition (Krech dan Crutchfield)
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example
Beautiful artist still beautiful even sh didn’t us a make up?
Ugly artist If we tought that someone is ugly, we will say “she’s so ugly, otherwise she didn’t wear a make up)
example
Police man who steal something is more bad and pathetic than a regular burglar.
struktural factor from communication material that affected people : Size : bigger is better – give more attention to a bigger
thing Position : left and right rightposition is better Colour : coloured material is more attractive than B/W
material Contrast affected empowering the messages
Perception : a basic Factor
Stereotype
Selectivity
Self concept
situational
Needs (and want)
emotion
stereotype
What people think about “Fixed pattern” for certain object characteristic.
Usually for negative meaning
selectivity
Selective perception because brain only can process several information – not all. It’s only choose the information that attractive to this person
Car :
Brand name
Technical spesification
Colour
-body
- interior
Self concept
the beliefs a person holds about his or her own attribute and how he or she evaluates these qualities.
self concept : basically, a person has an individual attribute, a standar / ideal self that he/her think it should be appear on themselves, and evaluate the quality of thim/her actual attribute
Self concept
Actual
How someone think about him/her self.
Their personal thinking about how other people think
about him/her selves. (related with multiple
selves)
Ideal
A pattarn that someobe think they
should look alike (related by colective
selves)
MULTIPLE SELVES
We have as many selves as we do in different social roles.
Collective self where the person’s identity is derived in
large measure from his or her social group
Ex: beauty white skin, bright eye
SELF ESTEEM
The positive of a person’s self concept vs low self esteem
Ex : feel confidence about herself vs cosmetic /plastic surgery addicted
FANTASY
Basically : people wanted to be look like their ideal concept
Gap bringing a prospect to fulfill the gap consume something
Situational factor
need (and wants)
Need : urgent – should be fulfilled
Want : something that people attracted and wanted to have or to do
Emotion
Psycological factors of a person feeling
INTERPRETATION
Interpretation refers to the meaning what we give for sensory stimuli (Solomon.2004:69).
a meaning from stimuli that we get Different background- different ability to
understand the stimuli- different interpretation
Interpretation..(2)
interpretation
Stimulus Organization
The eye of the Beholder :
Interpretational Biases
Semiotics : The symbol around us
Perceptual Positioning
A. Stimulus organization Gestalt psychology
Closure
Similarity
Figure/Ground
• asks us to mentally complete a picture
Closure
• is a technique we use from our earliest days to help us remember something by how it's like something else we already know
Similarity
• implies a situation where the subject stands out easily against the background; this can be visual, or as understood by any of the other senses
Figure/Ground
Bias - The Eye of the Beholder – the potential for bias in interpretation is huge; at the
base of all advertising strategies is the question, "How will the potential buyer interpret it?"
Symbols and Semiotics
OBJECT
SIGN (how is it depicted?)
INTERPRETANT (meaning)
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MEMORYStorage process
Keep the information
Sistem memory
sensory memory
short term memory
long term memory
MEMORY
Type of memory
Pengingatan (recall)
Pengenalan (recognition)
Belajar lagi (relearning)Redintegrasi
(redintegration)
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Theories of Memory
theories
Disuse theory (teori aus)
Interference Theory
Information processing
theory
disuse theory (Teori Aus)
Loosing memory because of time
Memory such like muscle – getting stronger if we continuing practicing
Exercise :
do you remember something happen when you 7 yo ?
Do you remember all of last semester subject materials ?
(Interference Theory)
Retroactive inhibition – only remember the newest things
Proactive inhibition
To much “things” to remember = its easy to forget
Ex : its hard to remember words in thesaurus / dictionary
Memory is such like canvas --
The second / next record looses the previous records – interference
information processing theory
Human brain = Computer
Sensory memory short term memory long term memory or RETRIEVAL VS FORGET /DECAY
Retrieval is a factor of
Age
State-Dependent Retrieval
Familiarity What's it like that you already know?
SalienceHow much does it stick out
in your mind as being important?
Pictorial vs Verbal Clues
Easier to remember what it looks like
(most of us are visual learners)
Forgetting caused
by :
Decay
Proactive interference:
Retroactive interference :
Partial list cueing:
• When we didn’t use something, we forget it
• Ex : run out soap – go to supermarket – forget what we shall buy
Decay
• We decide not to remember
• Ex :• broken heart and it’s time to move
on• Smoker prefer to forget the effect of
smoking
Proactive Interference
• New learning wipes out old
• Ex : study psychology of communication = only remember the last lessons
Retroactive Interference
• unspoken and unatractive things will difficult to remember
• Ex : unatractive girl in the class room•
Partial list cueing:
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thinking
thinking
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Thinking
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THINKING
PROCESS TO DECIDE THE MAIN POINTS / BRIEFLY RESULTS (Anita Taylor)
THINKING reality understanding for
decision making, problem solving, Find out / makes something
new (creativity)
THINKING
ThinkingAutistics thinking
realistics(reasoning)
BERPIKIR
Berpikir
Berpikir autistik:
melarikan diri dari kenyataan, melihat hidup sebagai gambar- gambar fantastis, mengkhayal,
whisful thinking
Berpikir realistik(nalar reasoning):
menyesuaikan diri dengan dunia nyata.
Macam: Deduktif (umum – khusus;
silogisme), induktif (khusus- umum; di akhir terdapat generalisasi), Evaluatif (kritis, menilai baik
buruk,tepat atau tidak).
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DECISION MAKING(introduction)
Menetapkan keputusan
Menetapkan keputusan (decision making), tanda umum:
1. Keputusan: hasil berpikir, hasil usaha intelektual2. Keputusan selalu melibatkan pilihan dari berbagai
alternatif3. Keputusan selalu melibatkan tindakan nyata,
walaupun pelaksanaannya boleh ditangguhkan/ dilupakan
Menetapkan keputusan
Faktor yang menentukan:
Kognisi: kualitas dan kuantitas
pengetahuan yang dimiliki
Motif: tujuan yang ingin diraih
Sikap: positif/ negatif
Decision Making : Basic Principt
Problem solving Rational Hedonic benefits
John Dewey (dalam Engel et.al, 1995 : 45),
Process of Decision Making
case
Find out a basic memories (tries to
find out an effective problem solving
method from past experiences
Think any possibilities / alternatives
Making a deep understanding of situation, solution
and choosing conclusion
Aha moments/ insight solution
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Three basic aspects of intrapersonal communication
Three basic aspects of intrapersonal
communication
self- concept
perceptio
n
expectation.
1. Self Concept(Self awareness)
Definition how a persona sees
him/herself and how it is oriented toward others.
internally focuses
Related to self esteem
Three factor of self concept
beliefs Values
Attitude
Self esteem
Exercise : If You’ve got D at Psychology of communication subject. What do you think about your self – (positive / negative?)
explain briefly
How people think about him/her self
It is also connected with :
beliefs Values
Attitude
• basic personal orientation toward true or false, good or bad; beliefs can be descriptive or prescriptive.
Beliefs
• deep-seated orientations and ideals, generally based on and consistent with beliefs, about right and wrong ideas and actions.
Values
• learned predisposition toward or against a topic, ideals that stem from and generally are consistent with values. Attitudes often are global, typically emotional.
Attitudes
Beliefs, values and attitudes all influence BEHAVIOUR , which can be either spoken opinion or physical action
2. Perception WHAT DO YOU THINK?
“Words don’t mean; people mean”
2. Perception
External orientation – looking forward
The way people view the world – affect people interpretation of communication stimulus (berko, wolvin, and wolvin 2001: p 6)
Rooted in beliefs, values and atttitude
exercise
What is the most terrible things that happened to you? what do you think about it? What its impact to you
Remember the last movies or tvc ads that you saw recently. What is your perception about it?
Perception : a process
Check the material above this chapter
3.Expectation
expectations are future-oriented messages dealing with long-term roles, sometimes called life scripts.
These sometimes are projections of learned relationships within the family or society.
Exercise : What is your
expectation when choosing psychology of communication as subject study ?
Different level of communication activity at intrapersonal
communication
Internal discourse
Solo vocal communicati
on
Solo written communication•
Different level of communication activity at intrapersonal
communication .. (1)
• involves thinking, concentration and analysis.
• Psychologists include both daydreaming and nocturnal dreaming in this category. Prayer, contemplation and meditation also are part of this category,
• though from a theological point of view the argument may be made that this is not solely internal to one person. In Sufi tradition, this is similar to the concept of nafs, negotiating with the inner self.
• Example: Consciously appreciating the beauty of a sunset.
Internal discourse
Different level of communication activity at intrapersonal communication(2&3)
• includes speaking aloud to oneself.• This may be done to clarify thinking, to
rehearse a message intended for others, or simply to let off steam
• . Example: Talking to yourself as you complain about your boss.
Solo vocal communication
• deals with writing not intended for others. • Example: An entry in a diary or personal
journal.
Solo written communication
Example : SELF TALK
positive Be patient, let training take
over
Patience, don’t rush
Relax, restructure, reactivate
Patience, I’m better than that
Trust the preparation
negative Too much pressure
Want a quick finish
“this isn’t going to plan”
Getting shouted at Zone it out
Panicking Feeling tired/ weak
http://www.thesportinmind.com/articles/self-talk/
Source :
Wood, Julia T. 2001. Communication Mosaics. Thomson Learning :Belmont CA
Berko,R. Wolvin,A. Wolvin, D.2001 Communicating : eight edition. Houghton Mifflin Company :NY
smith.2014. Intrapersonal and Interpersonal communication. Viewed 24 February 2014
<faculty.buffalostate.edu/smithrd/UAE/socommunication/unit4/pdf>
http://www.yorku.ca/lripley/cbUlearn.htm