U N D E R S TA N D I N G N E T W O R K S C L A S S

Internet politics in the Middle EastU N D E R S TA N D I N G N E T W O R K S C L A S S

Internet politics in the Middle East

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

I N J A N U A R Y 2 0 0 8 T W O C A B L E S W E R E C U T N E A R A L E X A N D R I A , E G Y P T, R E S U LT I N G I N A S E V E R E D I S R U P T I O N O F I N T E R N E T S E R V I C E S I N R E G I O N A L S TAT E S .

Three divers were arrested after coastguards found the men attempting to cut underwater Internet cables belonging to Egypt Telecom, the country’s monopoly landline provider.

Egypt

I N J A N U A R Y 2 0 0 8 T W O C A B L E S W E R E C U T N E A R A L E X A N D R I A , E G Y P T, R E S U LT I N G I N A S E V E R E D I S R U P T I O N O F I N T E R N E T S E R V I C E S I N R E G I O N A L S TAT E S .

Three divers were arrested after coastguards found the men attempting to cut underwater Internet cables belonging to Egypt Telecom, the country’s monopoly landline provider.

I N J A N U A R Y 2 0 0 8 T W O C A B L E S W E R E C U T N E A R A L E X A N D R I A , E G Y P T, R E S U LT I N G I N A S E V E R E D I S R U P T I O N O F I N T E R N E T S E R V I C E S I N R E G I O N A L S TAT E S .

Three divers were arrested after coastguards found the men attempting to cut underwater Internet cables belonging to Egypt Telecom, the country’s monopoly landline provider.

I N F E B R U A R Y 2 0 1 2 , A B O U T H A L F O F T H E I N T E R N E T N E T W O R K S I N K E N YA A N D U G A N D A W E R E C U T O F F F R O M T H E W O R L D .

I S R A E L , W A S O N E O F T H E O N LY C O U N T R I E S I N T H E M I D D L E E A S T T H AT W A S N O T E F F E C T E D B Y T H I S S A B O TA G E . !

I N F E B R U A R Y 2 0 1 2 , A B O U T H A L F O F T H E I N T E R N E T N E T W O R K S I N K E N YA A N D U G A N D A W E R E C U T O F F F R O M T H E W O R L D .

I S R A E L , W A S O N E O F T H E O N LY C O U N T R I E S I N T H E M I D D L E E A S T T H AT W A S N O T E F F E C T E D B Y T H I S S A B O TA G E . !

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I N F E B R U A R Y 2 0 1 2 , A B O U T H A L F O F T H E I N T E R N E T N E T W O R K S I N K E N YA A N D U G A N D A W E R E C U T O F F F R O M T H E W O R L D .

I S R A E L , W A S O N E O F T H E O N LY C O U N T R I E S I N T H E M I D D L E E A S T T H AT W A S N O T E F F E C T E D B Y T H I S S A B O TA G E . !

A ship dropped anchor off Mombasa, Kenya, and cut the Internet to six African countries.

The East African Marine Systems (TEAMS) cable pipes Internet and telecommunications from its landing points in Fujairah in the UAE to

Mombasa, Kenya.

3 separate undersea communications cables were severed at three points in the same section of the Red Sea on 17 February. A week later, another cable was severed somewhere off the coast of Mombasa, Kenya.

What are the odds?

Israel maintained it's communication superiority due to the fact that it is “an island” in the middle

east. A jewish state within a muslim region.

Israel

T H E P O L I T I C A L S I T U AT I O N O F H AV I N G A P E A C E A G R E E M E N T W I T H O N LY T W O ( E G Y P T & J O R D A N ) C O U N T R I E S , D E M A N D E D A N A U T O N O M O U S C O N T R O L O V E R I T ' S I N T E R N AT I O N A L C O N N E C T I O N . O N E T H AT W O U L D N O T B R E A K I N A C A S E O F A T E R R O R I S T AT TA C K A N D W O U L D B E S E C U R E E N O U G H .

U N T I L 2 0 1 2 , I S R A E L H A D O N LY O N E R O U T E T H AT C O N N E C T E D I T T O T H E G L O B A L I N T E R N E T N E T W O R K . !!As a result of the concern about the terror attacks on Internet lines in 2012,

Israel decided to open up the monopoly of the communication market. !

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It has landing points in:

• Catania, Sicily, Italy

• Chania, Crete, Greece

• Koropi (Athens), Greece

• Istanbul, Turkey

• Tel Aviv, Israel

• Haifa, Israel

• Pentaskhinos, Cyprus

M E D N A U T I L U SO W N E D B Y T E L E C O M I TA L I A !

1 . ( Since 2009)

It has landing points in:

• Bari (Italy) to Tel Aviv

• And extended terrestrially from Bari through Interoute's network to major European cities.[1]

BEZEQ INTERNATIONAL OPTICAL SYSTEMO W N E D B Y T H E S TAT E !

2 .

It has landing points in:

• Haifa

• Paphos, Cyprus

• Marseille, France

• To Europe

TAMARES TELECOM'S SUBMARINE CABLETA M A R E S G R O U P I S A P R I VAT E E Q U I T Y I N V E S T M E N T F I R M B A S E D I N VA D U Z , L I E C H T E N S T E I N . !!

3 .

ISRAEL - PALESTINE INTERNET COMMUNICATION

T H E I S R A E L I – PA L E S T I N I A N C O N F L I C T I S T H E O N G O I N G S T R U G G L E B E T W E E N I S R A E L I S A N D PA L E S T I N I A N S T H AT B E G A N I N T H E M I D - 2 0 T H C E N T U R Y

T H E I S R A E L I - O C C U P I E D T E R R I T O R I E S A R E T H E T E R R I T O R I E S O C C U P I E D B Y I S R A E L D U R I N G T H E S I X - D AY W A R O F 1 9 6 7 F R O M E G Y P T, J O R D A N , A N D S Y R I A .

Despite a long-term peace process and the general reconciliation of Israel with Egypt and Jordan, Israelis and Palestinians have failed to

reach a final peace agreement.

How is Palestine connected to the internet?

S O ,

PalTel is the main telecom operator in the Palestinian territories

Palestinians in Gaza used an internet system from the 1990s, which is very old and very slow.

For two days, Israel and PALTEL worked together to lay 15 km. of optical cables to provide Gaza high-speed

Internet service.

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APRIL, 2012

This situation creates a dependency relationship between Israel and Palestine

during times of conflict?

H O W D O E S T H I S R E L AT I O N S H I P W O R K

In 2014, during a war between the The Hamas ( Palestinian terrorist organization) and Israel -

80% of Gaza's telecoms network damaged by Israel

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Israel Defense Forces was using recorded telephone messages to warn more than 100,000 residents in two Gaza City neighborhoods to evacuate their

homes. Given that the Gaza Strip contains just 1.7 million people total, that's a huge number of people.

IN AN ATTEMPT TO LIMIT THE LOSS OF LIFE

WHY IS PALESTINE STILL CONNECTED TO ISRAEL?WITH SO MANY MUSLIM COUNTRIES AT THE REGION,

Turkish telecommunication deal to connect Palestine to world

S E P T E M B E R 2 1 , 2 0 1 2

2009 2010 20112012

2013 2014 20152008

The agreement was signed in Ramallah at a ceremony attended by the Palestinian Authority

Prime Minister Salam Fayyad, Turk Telekom Group's CEO Hakam Kanafani

"with this agreement, Palestine will be in direct touch with the rest of the world without need for Israeli companies".

M E M D U H A L - A Q R , C E O O F PA LT E L C O M PA N Y

Palestine still depends on Israeli providers

A S F O R T O D AY,

2009 2010 2011 2013 20142015

2008 2012