Veselin Pizurica CTO, veselin@waylay.io

Internet of ThingsIntroduction

Guest lecture, UGent, 17/11/2015

Why so much interest in IoT?

IoT - Tectonic Shift

Impact of science and engineering - invisible force that is changing our daily life

Example: Agriculture

What is Internet of Things?

Why now? - Perfect storm● Cost of adding new connected sensors/actuators has come down dramatically● Connectivity ● Cloud● API economy ● Big Data/Analytics● AI● Robotics

Devices are becoming widely available

Off-the-shelf gadgets Programmable devices

Connectivity - everywhere!

IP-based Reference Model

Cloud

● Storage● Computing power● Scalability/elasticity ● Distributed applications

Cloud infrastructure - hardware view

Cloud infrastructure - software view

API economy● APIs have become new patents● Who holds the data, holds the knowledge● Companies don’t share their know-how, but they are willing to share their

know-what (via Application Programming Interface API)● API economy will be the major driver of the profit for many companies

Weather API - monetization

IoT -> (Big) Data -> Analytics

Big data analytics

What connects these two pictures?

Fraud detection

http://onemileatatime.boardingarea.com/2015/06/14/i-experienced-a-type-of-credit-card-fraud-i-didnt-know-existed/

So let’s talk about AI!Y = f (X) Y = f (X)

IoT reference model

Intelligence - where?

“Swarm” intelligence Logic in the gateway

“Fog” computingLogic in the cloud

Logic in the device

Swarm Intelligence - in sensor networks?

● Limited storage, power and processing power● Sensors and actuators local

Logic in the gateway - (mostly) home automation

Fog computing● Anomaly detection● Compress sensing (not for computing, but bandwidth optimization, as data

leaves the edge)● Fast reaction time● No privacy issues if data doesn’t leave the edge● Doesn’t work for LoRA and Sigfox, as data deduplication happens in the cloud● Mostly in factory settings - transition from SCADA (legacy) systems to more

internet oriented solutions

Why NOT intelligence in the cloud?● Latency requirements● Failure (in)tolerance (lack of redundancy) – adding more blocks system even

less stable● Cost of pushing data in the cloud (storage, bandwidth)● SW cost of integration● Lack of standardization● Security concerns: Authentication/Authorization● Privacy concerns

Why intelligence in the cloud?● Device-agnostic and decouples logic from the presentation layer● Combination of the sensor data with API “economy” ● Integrating multiple IoT vertical solutions● Cloud-capacity scales horizontally, while distributed HW often needs to be

swapped when HW resources are no longer sufficient● Cloud intelligence also allows easy generation of analytics regarding the

usage of the logic itself. Which rules fired and why? How often?● An architectural model arises where logic is built together with a REST API

Our vision

Waylay - smart agent concept for IoT

Waylay platform