Internet and Information Technology: Updates and New Developments in IRNC

William Y. Chang Office of International and Integrative Activities

U. S. National Science Foundation Email: wychang@nsf.gov

Image Credit: Exploratorium.

The past thirty years …

Life Changers The top innovations of the last 30 years, according to judges

at the Wharton School of the

University of Pennsylvania.

The past thirty years …

L

The past thirty years …

Networked Society Computing technologies and human societies co-evolve,

transforming each other in the process

•  We are increasingly becoming

a networked society. •  Access to technology and information is enhancing our

cognitive and physical

capabilities.

•  This trend will be accelerated

by advances in:

•  social informatics •  assistive technologies •  augmented reality •  robotics •  crowd sourcing •  learning technologies

•  natural language

understanding •  vision and perception •  artificial intelligence •  machine learning •  information retrieval

Social Networks Solving Complex Problems Networks of human minds are taking citizen science to a new level

This is just the beginning of a new field of collective intelligence in

which modern technology yields

new understanding of collective

human behavior and new

methods for problem solving.

Foldit image: Univ. Washington Center For Game Science; artwork by W. Fernandes, Nature, Aug 2010

In 2011, players of Foldit helped to decipher the crystal structure of the Mason-Pfizer monkey

virus (M-PMV) retroviral protease, an AIDS-causing monkey virus. Players produced an accurate 3D model of the enzyme in just ten days. The problem of how to configure

the structure of the enzyme had stumped scientists for 15 years.

Explosive Growth in Volume &

Traffic Diversity 663M registered Skype users in September 2011.

Represents 20% of long distance minutes world-wide. VoIP

Video

Twitter

Broadband

1988

If Skype were a carrier, it would be the 3rd largest in

the world (behind China Mobile and Vodaphone).

Largest provider of cross-border communication. Recent estimates as high as 60% of internet traffic is

video and music sharing; 35 hours of new videos are

uploaded every minute in 2011; 2 billion views per day.

Expected to reach 500M registered users in 2012.

20% of global internet users have residential

broadband; 68% in U.S. subscribe to broadband.

Today

Remarkable Pace of Innovation

Credit: Intel Corporation

Pervasive Impact

Advances in computing, communications and information technology:

-  Underpin our economic prosperity and national

security;

-  Serve as a key driver of competitiveness and

sustainable economic growth in an increasingly

global market; -  Accelerate the pace of discovery and innovation

in nearly all other fields of inquiry;

-  Are crucial to achieving our major societal priorities.

Empower Scientists and Educators making them

-  More creative;

-  Independent; resourceful -  Self-reliant;

Extracting Knowledge from Data

Image Credit: Sigrid Knemeyer

New Tool for Extracting Knowledge

from Large Data Sets: A new statistical tool, part of a suite called MINE, can tease

out multiple patterns hidden in health information from around the globe,

statistics amassed from major league baseball, data on bacterial biodiversity,

and much more. (Michael Mitzenmacher,

Harvard with researchers from the Broad

Institute)

Forecasting Tornadoes: Parallel

computing, data mining, and meteorology

are being used to determine tornado

formation and more reliable tornado

forecasting. (Amy McGovern and Kevin

Droegemeier, University of Oklahoma)

Image Credit: Bob Wilhelmson, NCSA and the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign; Lou Wicker, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Severe Storms Laboratory; Matt Gilmore and Lee Cronce, University of Illinois atmospheric science department. Visualization by Donna Cox, Robert Patterson, Stuart Levy, Matt Hall and Alex Betts, NCSA

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HPC/Advanced Computing

Software

Data

Networking and Cybersecurity*

Learning and Workforce Development

CIF21

CIF21

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(Post NSFnet) Brief History of NSF Investments in Network Infrastructure

vBNS and High Performance Connections Program (HPNC) – 1995-2003

National backbone and connections

International Networking (IRNC) – 1997 – present

Connecting US to the world

NSF investments in global r&e networking date back > 20 years

Experimental Infrastructure Networking (EIN) - 2003

“Academic Research Infrastructure Program – Recovery and Reinvestment” - 2009 Subset: Optical exchange, regional networking upgrades

EPScOR – Research Infrastructure Improvement (RII) – 2011

Inter-campus, intra-campus connectivity

STCI program (2011 – “100G Connectivity for Data-Intensive Computing at JHU”, Lead PI: Alex Szalay)

CC-NIE 2012, CC-NIE 2013

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International Research Network Connections (IRNC)

Goals:

Provide network connections linking U.S. research with peer networks in other parts of the world

Stimulate the deployment and operational understanding of emerging network technology and standards in an international context

Support science and engineering research and education applications

http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=503382

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Global Network Guiding Principles

Global coordination, planning, rationalization, governance and coordinated investments (e.g. simultaneous calls, joint calls)

Open exchange points: “policy-light” operation of open exchange points allowing for bi-lateral peering at all layers, open transit

End-to-end interoperability to ensure end-to-end visibility and interoperability across appropriated links and paths

Development of a coordinated strategy by key scientific funding agencies to meet the international networking needs of science, engineering and education for the next 10 years.

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Global topology

Bigger Pipes + Campus Networking to Enhance U.S. Science & Education

• re-architecting the campus border [longer term

~ re-engineering trust relationships]

• how your campus networking plans fit into the

broader cyberinfrastructure strategy for your

campus – campus CI Plan

• driving partnerships between scientists and

campus IT – enabling science and education

* end-to-end perspective on networking and performance

Bigger pipes + local Asian connections (e.g. APAN) to empower regional students, scientists and educators for enhancing international science & education cooperation

• Enhance interconnection with regional ( e.g.

APAN) and local networks to provide tools

for students, scientists and educators

• Drive partnerships between regional

scientists

• Enable science and education cooperation * end-to-end perspective on networking and performance

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Education, Health, and Disaster Mitigation

Thank You!