international polar year an international study of biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and...
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International Polar Year
An international study of biogeochemical cycles of
Trace Elements and Isotopes
in the Arctic and Southern Oceans
Metals Abundance & Biological Evolution
Biological Evolution used abundant metals: essentialLow abundant metals no bio-functions: toxic
Pb315
Hg0.34
Cd ?1.61
Ag0.49
Zn1260
Cu522
Ni49300
Co2250
Fe90000
0
Mn9550
numbers of atoms versus 1 million Si atoms
De Baar & La Roche (2003)
deep ocean ultraclean sampling:
new titanium frame in clean-air container
[DFe] nM
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Dep
th (
m)
0
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4000
[DFe] nM new titanium frame[DFe] nM Prototype frame IRONAGES 2002[DFe] nM traditional Kevlar wire castMartin et al. NABE
[NO3] µmol/L
0 5 10 15 20 250
1000
2000
3000
4000
[NO3] µmol/L new titanium frame[NO3] µmol/L Prototype frame IRONAGES 2002[NO3] µmol/L traditional Kevlar wire cast[NO3] µmol/L Martin et al. NABE
EuropeanIRONAGES2001-todaydevelopment
pdf available, just ask me
GEOTRACES
traction winch (Kley France) with 8000m kevlar cable (17 mm) with internal signal cables
Advantages Titan system
• 3-4 fold more efficient station time than single GO-FLO on hydrowire
• no carrying GO-FLO samplers• much faster turnaround sub-sampling• system on shipboard always in clean
room• stations CTD data for physics• now building new prototype samplers
– 18 Liter volume, – pharmaceutical industry quality plastics
Dissolved Aluminium (nM)
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De
pth
(m
)
cast 1 on19-04-07
cast 4 on20-04-07
cast 7 on21-04-07
cast 15 on23-04-07
cast 18 on14-04-07
GEOTRACESTest Station-2Northeast AtlanticApril 2007RV Pelagia
Five differenthydrocastsat same positionwithin 9 days
European IPY GEOTRACES aboard Polarstern
coordinator:Michiel Rutgers van der Loeff (AWI)
Pere Masque (Spain)7Be, 210Pb, 210Po, Th, Pa, 137Cs, 240Pu , 129I
Brad Moran (USA) Pa, Th
PhD students (Netherlands)Fe; Maarten KlunderAl, Mn: Rob Middag Fe speciation/colloids:Charles-Edouard Thuroczy senior analist Patrick Laan
and many other colleagues
Trace elements: Fe, Mn, Al, (Cu, Cd, Ni, Zn, Ag)calibration versus SAFe standard seawatertrace metal speciation, notably FeBa, U, Rare Earth Elements
Radionuclides:natural 234Th, 230Th, 232Th, 231Pa, 210Pb, 210Po
227Ac, 228Ra, 226Ra, 224Ra, 223Ra anthropogenic: 99Tc, 240Pu/ 239Pu, 129I, 137Cs
isotopic composition of Nd, Hf, Be, (Cd, Ca, Si?); 18O
Other data:Nutrients (NIOZ)DIC (NIOZ or UPMC)POC/ BSi/ phytoplankton/ chlorophyll (program
Hirche/Nöthig)DOM, fluorescence (program Amon)methane (program Damm)
Tracers being analysed/sampled during Polarstern ARK XXII-2
Fe from above or below ???Al dust source tracer; Mn, Ac and Ra isotopes sediment source
0
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0 10 20 30
DAl
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Si
IPY GEOTRACESPolarstern ARK XXII-2 High Arctic Ocean
data Rob Middag
0
5
10
15
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Silicate
Alu
min
ium
IPY GEOTRACESPolarstern ARK XXII-2High Arctic Ocean
Al data Rob Middag
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0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
DMn
IPY GEOTRACESPolarstern ARK XXII-2High Arctic Ocean Mn data
Rob Middag
Nansen Basin (84.34,30N, 89.50,89E
0 0.5 1 1.5 20
500
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De
pth
[m]
Mn or Fe [nM]
Mn Fe
IPY GEOTRACESPolarstern ARK XXII-2High Arctic Ocean
Mn dataRob Middag
Fe dataMaarten Klunder,Patrick Laan
Top of Gakkel Ridge (85.55,42N, 91.10,79E)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
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de
pth
[m]
Fe [nM]
Position?
0 1 2 3 4 5
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De
pth
[m]
Mn or Fe [nM]
Mn
Fe
Fe
IPY GEOTRACESPolarstern ARK XXII-2 High Arctic Ocean
Mn dataRob Middag
Fe dataMaarten Klunder,Patrick Laan
Amundsen Basin (87.02,71N, 104.50,31E)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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De
pth
[m]
Mn or Fe [nM]
Amundsen Basin (87.39,81N, 111.57,18E)
0 1 2 3 4
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4500
De
pth
[m]
Mn or Fe [nM]
MnFe
Fe
Mn
IPY GEOTRACESPolarstern ARK XXII-2 High Arctic Ocean
Mn dataRob Middag
Fe dataMaarten Klunder,Patrick Laan
Antarctic IPY GEOTRACESAntarctic IPY GEOTRACES
ZERO & DRAKE
ZERO & DRAKE
Germany/NL Geotraces
Germany/NL Geotraces
BONUS/GoodHope
BONUS/GoodHope
French Geotraces
French Geotraces
ATOSSpanish
Geotraces
Tasmania sector
Australian G
eotraces
extended
extended
Indian Ocean
Indian Ocean
sectionsection
Japan Geotraces
Japan Geotraces
BONUS
ZERO & DRAKE
ATOSATO
S
Zoom in:
Atlantic- AntArctic Basin
Zero meridian- long existing hydrography program (E. Fahrbach)- longest existing co-sampling of CFC’s and CO2 since AJAX 1984(Rhein, Hoppema)
ZERO & DRAKEMichiel van der LoeffHein de BaarAerosols with Alex Baker
ANT XXIV/3, Fahrtroute
exactly under satellite trajectory
West Atlantic GEOTRACES Section 2009-2010Shiptime and studentships proposal toNetherlands Science Foundation (NWO)
2009: Iceland-Bermuda
West Atlantic GEOTRACES Section 2009-2010Shiptime and studentships proposal toNetherlands Science Foundation (NWO)
2009: Iceland-Bermuda
2009: Bermuda-Barbados
West Atlantic GEOTRACES Section 2009-2010Shiptime and studentships proposal toNetherlands Science Foundation (NWO)
2009: Iceland-Bermuda
2009: Bermuda-Barbados
2010: Barbados - Recife
West Atlantic GEOTRACES Section 2009-2010Shiptime and studentships proposal toNetherlands Science Foundation (NWO)
2009: Iceland-Bermuda
2009: Bermuda-Barbados
2010: Barbados - Recife
2010: Recife - BuenosAires
pdf available,just ask me
Waugh*, Evelyn (1945) Brideshead Revisited, The Sacred & Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder.
International Polar Year
Thank You for
Your Attention
Fe
Al
29Si
MnZn
Cu
NiPb
Hg
SePt
234Th
230Th
231Pa
Ge
W
Au Ir
CoLa
CePr
143NdLuHf
238U 227Ac
As