Interactions with US scientistsRik Wanninkhof

NOAA/AOML, Miami On behalf of Richard Feely, Associated US representative SSC

Carbon Cycle Coordination and Management in the USA USA- CarboOcean management and science interface Research highlights

US Carbon Cycle Research

Overseen by a Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group (NSF,NOAA,NASA, DOE, USGS, USDA…. )

Advised by a US Carbon Cycle Scientific Steering group led by Jim Yoder, WHOI, Richard Feely & Scott Doney - ocean representatives

North American Carbon Program (NACP) Terrestrial (and coastal ocean) carbon cycling and sequestration in the US: -

Science meeting January 2007, Colorado Springs

Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Program, Program office in Woods Hole- http://ocb.whoi.edu

Project Components

Ø community building and supportØ workshop sponsorshipØ data management (including data recovery, enhanced availability and long-

term archive) Annual summer meeting July 23rd-26th, 2007 in Woods Hole MA.

On site representative: Joanie Kleypass

Ocean Carbon and Climate Change Program (OCCC)Sub-component of OCB

Significant OCB planning reports 2006

US SOLAS US Ocean AcidificationImp. Strategy Report

Organizational Framework for USA Collaborations in CarboOcean

Scientific Steering CommitteeAssociated US representative: Richard Feely, NOAA/PMELExternal participant for database coordination: Alex Kozyr, DOE/ORNL

International Advisory Panel of the Integrated Project CarboOceanNick Bates, BIOS Steve Emerson, U. Washington Inez Fung, Berkeley Joanie Kleypas, UCAR Scott Doney, WHOI

USA Scientific Partners in CarboOceanMichael Bender, Princeton Klaus Keller, Penn StateAndrew Dickson, SIO Tim Lueker, SIORichard Feely, PMEL Jorge Sarmiento, Princeton[Niki Gruber, UCLA] Rik Wanninkhof, AOMLDavid Hutchins, Delaware Alex Kosyr, ORNLGeorge Jackson Texas A&M Ralph Keeling, SIORobert Key, Princeton

Should membership be updated and/or re-assessed??

Collaborative efforts: S. E. Mikaloff Fletcher and N. Gruber and A.R. Jacobson and S. C. Doney and S. Dutkiewicz and M. Gerber and M. Follows and and F. Joos and K. Lindsay and D. Menemenlis and A. Mouche and S. Müller and J. Sarmiento,Inverse Estimates of Anthropogenic CO2 Uptake, Transport, and Storage by the Ocean gbc,2006,20,doi:10.1029/2005GB002530

S. E. Mikaloff Fletcherand N. Gruber and A.R. Jacobson and M. Gloor and S. C. Doney and S. Dutkiewicz and M. Gerber and M. Follows and and F. Joos and K. Lindsay and D. Menemenlis and A. Mouchet and S. Müller and J. Sarmiento,Inverse estimates of the oceanic sources and sinks of natural CO2 and the implied oceanic carbon transport gbc, 2006, in press

Should framework of collaboration be re-assessed?? Bottom-up versus top-down

US CLIVAR CO2 repeat hydrography

A13.5 move from 2010 to 2009

Decadal CO2 changes in a changing ocean What is the true ∆Canthro signal ?

∆DICbio (O2) = 0.82 mol m-2 yr-1

∆DICbio (NO3) = 0.39 mol m-2 yr-1

∆DIC = 0.58 mol m-2 yr-1

E-MLR = 0.68 mol m-2 yr-1

∆DICe-mlr= f(Si, NO3, AOU, S,T)

∆DICdmlr= 33+0.034Si+0.31NO3-0.047AOU-1.08S+0.665 T

http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gccBrown: Explorer: Skogafoss: http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/uwpco2/ Ka'imimoana: Columbus Waikato:http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/pi/CO2/PalmerGould

NOAA pCO2 on ships programMonitoring effort! (Be careful what you wish for)

* 3 VOS in North Atlantic (Monthly-Weekly)(US-Iceland, US-Bermuda, Caribbean)

* 3 Research ships in North Atlantic* 3 Data sites- 1 central QC -

(Sent on the CDIAC -no data embargo)

SHIP # Cruises # Data Points % Recovery*R/V Brown 12 47,551 86.1%

M/V Skogafoss 7 31,210 61.0%Explorer of the Seas 46 67,177 80.0%

RVIB Palmer 7 84,909 98.0%R/V Ka'imimoana 4 54,537 85.0%

R/V Atlantic Explorer 6 months 38,920 86.1%M/V Cap Victor 6 96,239 91.0%M/V Oleander 8 months 63,120 67.6%

RSMAS AOML PMEL BIOS (BBSR)

LDEO GOOS (AOML)

Participants

TA/DIC Samples

Brown Explorer Skogafoss

Oleander Atlantic Explorer

Palmer TSG QC + Maint enance Tasks /Ships

KaÕimimoana Castilla (Cap Victor)

Instrum ent Development

Data Destination

www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc

www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/uwpco2

www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/pi/CO2/

CDIAC cdiac.ornl.gov

Products Flux Maps fCO2 Coastal Ocean pCO2

http://www.bbsr.edu/Labs/co2lab/vos.html

NOAA pCO2 on ships project

FY-06 performance

≈ 483 K points

Carbo Ocean question: Will UK effort continue in near-term?

New NOAA VOS line ?

Near real time data display

www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc

Instrumentation

Status of GO (General Oceanics) systems

* 6-units in December, 6-units shortly (?)thereafter. Based on time of ordering* Initial product support assistance by Kevin Sullivan and Denis Pierrot, NOAA/AOML

First production run at GO

Issue: Lack of tried and true old parts and subcomponents:LiCor , UIC coulometer

Approach (Lee et al. 1998, Park et al., 2006):

pCO2SWym =[pCO2SW1995m + (pCO2SW/SST)1995m SSTym1995m]

Create seasonal (pCO2SW/SST) relationships from Takahashi Climatologyand apply it the interannual ocean temperature anomalies

320

330

340

350

360

370

25

26

27

28

29

30

2 4 6 8 10 12

example_20N, 292_5E

PCO2_SW

Temp (ÞC)

PC

O2

SW

(ua

tm)

Temp (Þ

C)

MONTH

320

330

340

350

360

370

25.5 26 26.5 27 27.5 28 28.5 29

example_20N, 292_5E

pCO2_J_ApCO2_M_ApCO2_S-D

PC

O2

SW

(uat

m)

Temp (ÞC)

An initial global estimate of variability in air-sea fluxes

Results using a decade of remotely sensed SST and winds combined with (∂pCO2SW/∂SST) relationships

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

5.5

6

6.5

7

7.5

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Flux Park et al. (2006)Flux , this work

U10

Ann

ual F

lux

(Pg

C)

U1

0 (m s

-1)

year

Interannual changes ± 0.16 Pg C year-1

Other ocean (model) estimates are in this range as well

Interannual variability

Most of the variability (≈70 %) attributed to the Eq. Pac. ENSO

50 % due the ∆pCO2 anomalies; 50 % due to wind speed variability

Large regional changes- low global changes : regional compensating effects?

Closing thoughts on increased formal collaboration

Formal agreements on regional seasonal flux maps Post-doc/ young investigator exchange funded by NSF/ EU? Sponsored meetings for individual topics between US and EU? -Underway Sponsored joint development of instruments, observing systems -Underway