integrated public transport priority and traffic...
TRANSCRIPT
WorldBank Workshop and Training on Urban Transport Planning
and Reform. Baku, April 14-16, 2009
Integrated Public Transport Priority and Traffic Management
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What is Integrated Public Transport Priority/Traffic management?
Why is it important?
How should it be planned and executed?
Introduction
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Combines Public Transport and roadway infrastructure and operations management improvements with objective of increasing speed, reliability and safety for people using public and non-motorized transport
Comprehensive, integrated program of complimentary improvements
Covers entire route/corridor or sub-area
Focus on facilitating movement of people
Integrated Public Transport Priority/Traffic Management?
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Traditional Public Transport Priority
Targeted at individual “problem” intersections
or roadway segments
Focused on bus-only lanes or busways
Traffic management (e.g., parking
management, signal priority), Public Transport
operations (e.g., fare collection, number and
locations of stops) secondary considerations at
best
Central planning objective most often
minimising impact on general vehicle traffic,
not reducing total all-mode passenger travel
times
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What’s Wrong with Traditional PT Priority Approach (Contd.)?
Focus on bus lanes neglects significant
delays caused by other than “running
congestion,” especially where dedicated bus
lanes or busways impossible
General traffic management, public
transport operations and/or passenger
safety rarely planning emphasis areas
Benefits of individual spot or segment
improvements often too small to impact
travel behaviour or bus operations
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Public Transport “Priority” without Service Plan Optimization and Traffic Management Integration
LimaMexico City
Bangkok
Lima
Manila
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London Quality Bus Corridors Case Study*
A response to growing congestion, declining bus speeds
and reliability and large and increasing public subsidies
for Public Transport operations
Grew out of need to improve surface public transport
system with more than traditional public transport
priority measures
Multi-agency partnership, Public Transport, roads and
traffic
*Adapted from Presentation by Peter Yendell
AECOM/Faber-Maunsell
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London’s Approach
Combined “whole route” and “whole journey” concepts into one integrated approach
Whole journey concept covers every aspect of all corridor travel, from all origins to all destinations
Whole route concept means that integrated Public Transport priority/traffic management scheme covers entire geographic extent of corridor travel market
*Adapted from Presentation by Peter Yendell
AECOM/Faber-Maunsell
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The “Whole Journey”
Origin (e.g., Home)
Walk to Bus Stop
Wait at Bus Stop
Bus Journey
Board the Bus
Alight from Bus
Walk to Destination
Traditional Public
Transport Priority
Destination (e.g., Work)
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Typical London Route PT Trip
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%BusJourney
Waiting atStop
Boarding/Alighting
Walkingto/fromstop
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Developing the Whole Journey Concept
Origin/Home
Walk to Bus Stop
Wait at Bus Stop
Bus Journey
Board the Bus
Alight from Bus
Walk to Destination
Pre Trip Information
Street Lighting
CCTV in shelter + visibility,Panic Buttons, Pre Pay Ticket Machines, Smart Cards
Low floor buses; Match vehicle floor, stop platform heights
Better enforcementPriority lanes, signal priority, traffic engineering
Low floor buses, etc.
Street Lighting
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London’s Bus Priority Philosophy
“Bus Priority” given wherever physically
and operationally possible, unless reasons
can be provided for not doing so
Bus priority became the essential road
system traffic management policy
Much more holistic than done previously
*Adapted from Presentation by Peter Yendell
AECOM/Faber-Maunsell
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Public Transport Priority Strategy
Off Board Fare collection in congested CBD
Articulated buses with more door streams per unit capacity than double deckers
Some bus re-routing
Better enforcement of bus lanes and stops
SurveillanceCameras
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Basic Public Transport -Oriented Traffic Management Philosophy
Recognize that over-all route quality
dictated by weakest link
Impacts on other vehicles should not
restrain nature of scheme
Create “virtual” bus lanes where
traditional bus lanes cannot be provided
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“Total Route Control”
Dynamic signal control
Queue management
Traffic volume restraint
Control of side road flows
Removal of random effects - Zebra Crossings
Complementary parking, loading and stopping, access (e.g., to parking lots) restrictions
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Traffic Management Planning
Identify all sections of route with potential for bus lanes in one, or both, directions
Identify all sections of route where buses are delayed
Relocate queues to sections where bus lanes can be installed
Use traffic signals to hold general traffic while buses “jump” past queue
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Results: As Of 2003/2004
Highest number of passengers since 1968
Fastest rate of passenger growth since 1946
10.8% passenger growth in 2003/04 –an extra 140 million passenger trips
31.1% aggregate growth from 1999/00 to 2003/04
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Results (Contd.)
The first three quarters of 2003/04 showed a 19% increase in night bus passenger users compared to last year
Best service quality since records began in 1977
17% more passengers per bus since 1999/2000
Real evidence of mode shift
Car to bus (5%+)
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Costs Initial demonstration corridor (Route
43), less than $10m US
Bus company investments (driver recruitment and training, equipment etc) Private sector funding unclear
O/M subsidy £88 million in 00/01 ($ 154 million) £562 million in 03/04 ($ 983 million) Reduction in fares + increase in trips
Now largely financed by congestion pricing scheme
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Extending Lessons of London, etc.
Identify and then work with a “champion”
(e.g., Ken Livingstone)
Do your technical homework to develop a
win-win plan
Make sure everyone (e.g., police, shop
keepers, citizens) is aware of what’s
being planned and contributes to its
success
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Do your Technical Homework
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Begin With Data Collection: What’s The Problem We Are Trying To Solve?
Find out where PT is losing time
Detailed travel time studies for corridor in
question
Segment by segment, intersection by
intersection
Public transport, general traffic
Peak periods
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PM Travel Times
AutoAuto
38
38
38L38L
00:00
07:12
14:24
21:36
28:48
36:00
33rd to Vanness Vanness to 33rd
San Francisco “Muni”:Route 38, Geary Street
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S.F. Route 38 Geary Street
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S.F. Route 38 Geary Street (Contd.)
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Begin With Data Collection: What’s The Problem We Are Trying To Solve?
Public Transport and general traffic counts
Passenger vehicle volumes at critical points
Boarding/alighting counts by stop
Public Transport on-board survey
Travel patterns
Origins/destiantions
Time of day
Trip purpose
System satisfaction
Non- Public Transport user surveys
Motorized vehicle, Non Motorized Transport Users
Accident survey: numbers/locations/causes
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Identify a Reasonable Range of Public Transport
Priority and Traffic Management Alternatives
Optimized service plan
Public Transport running ways
Dedicated curb, shoulder bus lanes
Median, shoulder transitways
Bus-only expressway ramps, loops
Improved Public Transport Stops
Shelters
Real time passenger information
Maps, schedules
Better access/egress
Provisions for better access/egress by disabled
Lighting
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Traffic Management Strategies
Intersection channelization
Traffic engineering
Signal programming and priority
Turn prohibitions (right and left)
Access control (parking lot and garage entrances)
One-way streets
Queue jumpers
“Virtual” bus lanes
Parking management
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Virtual Bus Lane: Get Ahead of the Queue
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London Queue Jumper/”Virtual Bus Lane”
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No Left turns Across Transitway
Mexico City
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Traffic Management Strategies
Signage, markings
colored pavements
variable message signs
Congestion pricing
Parking Management
Bus lanes
Bus stops
Houston
Singapore
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Urumqi
New York
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Public Transport Service, Operating Plan Options
Route re-alignment (all or partial)
Combine routes (e.g., for through-routing)
Split routes to improve reliability
Add limited stop routes, expresses
Move routes to other corridors
Combine, split, move stops
Off-board fare collection, just busy stops or system
Dispatch “double headers”
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Transmilenio Service Plan
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Use Different PT Vehicles
More, wider, doors
Lower floor, fewer steps
Different interior configuration
Fewer seats, wider aisles
Match vehicle floor, stop platform heights
Change propulsion system (higher acceleration, lower noise, emissions)
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ITS for Public Transport
Signal priority
Automatic vehicle location
Digital communications
Smart cards
Surveillance cameras, variable message signs
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Improving Non-Motorized Travel
Sidewalks, dedicated bikeways
Raised zebra pedestrian crossings
Pedestrian over/underpasses
Protective traffic signals for pedestrians at bus stops
Pedestrian, bike (and Public Transport ) - only zones
Roadway fencing
Bike parking
Better lighting, sidewalks on Public Transport access routes
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Bike Access to Transmilenio
Singapore
Transmilenio
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Evaluate, Package
Evaluate singly, then package complimentary, feasible strategies into comprehensive Public Transport Priority/Traffic Management Packages
Cost-effectiveness, impacts are important
Effectiveness criterion to use to is total passenger travel time, irrespective of mode
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Key Words for Planning
Integration (Public Transport Priority and Traffic Management)
Comprehensive (Across entire route/corridor and journey)
Complimentary (All elements produce more benefits together than sum of individual benefits)