integrated pest management 5.1. pests in undisturbed ecosystems pests are held in check by natural...
TRANSCRIPT
Pests• In undisturbed ecosystems pests
are held in check by natural enemies•They can control 50-90% of their population
• Pesticides include synthetic chemicals•Insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and rodenticides.
Pesticides
• Most contain harmful chemicals•They are harmful to humans and the environment
• Because of this people wanted to get rid of them•Unrealistic, farmers had become dependent on them
Introduction of IPM• Uses a mix of methods
•Traps, disease resistant plants, natural pest-killing substances and predators
•If they don’t work, then we use chemicals
• IPM requires a pest manager to understand how the pests live.
Pests around the world•An organism that is a pest in
one area may be beneficial in another area•Ex. Bees in your home, Bees in your garden
•Leaf cutter ants destroy foliage, but aid in the growth of some plants
Forest Pests• In healthy forest ecosystems,
pests and other organisms live in balance
•But 98% of forests in PA have been logged, making them vulnerable to pest invasion
Forest Pests
• Balsam woolly adelgid, Frazer fir
• Hemlock woolly adelgid, Hemlock
• Gypsy moth caterpillar- Oak
Exotic Pests
•Organism that is not native to the areas where they cause damage•Result of world trade, No native predators
Exotic Pests
•APHIS- Animal and Plant health inspection Service
•Patrols U.S. ports and inspects imported goods for exotic pests.•1985-1998, 7000 seizures of exotic pests found on wooded items alone
Exotic Pests
•Their natural predators did not travel with them
•Trees are especially vulnerable•White pine blister rust, chestnut blight, and Dutch elm disease
Exotic PestsEuropean gypsy moth, •Arrived in North America in 1868-1869
•Tried to get rid of it but failed (1890)
Exotic Pests• Asian long horned
beetle (Insect)•New York (1996) •Came from China•Threat to Maple trees and other hard woods
Exotic Pests• Dutch Elm Disease
(fungus)•(1930) in New York City
•Killed more then 2/3 of the elm trees in the country
Exotic Pests• Chestnut Blight
•China (1900’s)•Wiped out almost all
Chestnut trees from New England to Georgia
•Decreased food source, nuts
•Black bears, turkeys
Exotic Pests•Starlings (birds)
•Came from Europe
•Late 1800’s•Compete with livestock for food
•Spread disease