institute of nuclear & radiological...

INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR & RADIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

ENERGY, TECHNOLOGY & SAFETY

INRaSTES

NATIONAL CENTER FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH “DEMOKRITOS”

Fusion Technology Group

INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR & RADIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, ENERGY, TECHNOLOGY & SAFETY

The Fusion Technology Group (FTG) was established within the Institute of INT-

RP in 1999 when Greece joined the EURATOM Thermonuclear Fusion Project.

FTG co-ordinates Demokritos participation in the European Fusion Programme and

relevant International activities (e.g. ITER). Demokritos team consists of 10

researchers from three Institutes:


Fusion Technology

Group

INRaSTES

INPP

Research group

IAMPPNM

Research group

� INRaSTES,

� Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (INPP),

� Institute of Advanced Materials, Physicochemical Processes, Nanotechnology and

Microsystems (IAMPPNM).


Activities of the Fusion Technology Group

Neutron

Science & Technology

Radiation Damage

Fusion Energy Materials

Plasma Facing Materials

JET Fusion Technology

Environmental Applications

Aerospace Materials

& Components

Nuclear analytical

techniques

Material

Fabrication &

Processes

Radiation Transport

Engineering Materials

Non-destructive testing

Biomedical applications

Radiation Physics Materials at

Extreme Environment

Material

Characterization


Aims:

� Implementation of competitive Research in Fusion Technology

� Co-ordination of Demokritos participation in the European Fusion Technology

Programme

� Utilization of FTG multidisciplinary expertise in new technological and research areas

� Attraction of European and National Funding

� Establishment of common research activities within Demokritos, Greece, Europe and

the World

� Development of new innovative research infrastructure in areas in which FTG and

Greece have competitive advantage

� Participation in Universities educational activities, training of young professionals and

students

� Focusing toward Societal Value-Added Research



Proton Irradiation of Fusion

Structural Materials

Collaboration with the TANDEM Accelerator Laboratory, NCSR “Demokritos”

Aim:To study fundamental radiation damage processes in fusion materials and provide

experimental validation of theoretical multiscale models

Achievements:Radiation Damage & Recovery in Fe-Cr(model alloys) as a function of temperature,

concentration and dose.

Recovery in Fe-5%Cr

5MeV p+ irradiation at T=50K

Rec

ov

ery R

ate

(% /

K)

Annealing Temperature (K)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Low Dose

Medium

High

Research Highlights

Fusion Technology


Collaboration with CEA-Saclay (DEN/DMN/SRMP - Laboratoire JANNUS, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin) &

CCFE – Culham Centre for Fusion Energy

Aim:

To understand the interplay between magnetism and radiation damage caused by energetic

ions or neutrons to Fe and Fe based alloys.

Achievements:

For the first time demonstration of iron magnetic

moment enhancement by the generation of

radiation defects

Fe+ irradiation of Fusion

Structural Materials

Research Highlights

FUSION TECNOLOGY

0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0010

-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Re

flectivity

Q(nm-1)

57 dpa, 5h irr.time : M= 2.5 µΒ/at

Determination of the magnetic profile

of irradiated Fe films by

Polarized neutron reflectivity

0 10 20 30 40

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

irradiated

unirradiated

M (

µB

/at)

Ion Dose ( x1015

ions/cm2)

Iron magnetic moment as a

function of ion dose

Fe thin film irradiation with Fe+ ions


Structure and Physical Properties

of Fusion Structural Materials

Research Highlights

FUSION TECNOLOGY

Collaboration with CCFE – Culham Centre for Fusion Energy & Material Science Department of IAMPPNM

Aim:

� Provide experimental validation of radiation effects modeling.

� Provide engineering data of the structural materials for the ITER and DEMO (future fusion reactor).

Achievements:

� Full characterization of EUROFER steel

physical properties and comparison with

theoretical models

� Correlation of magnetic and mechanical

properties for EUROFER

� Experimental validation of models predicting

the magnetic behavior of FeCr steelsTEM image of the Eurofer-97

steel

0 5 10 15 20

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2 MCE

Experiment

µB/a

tom

Cr (at. %)

Iron magnetic moment

(experiment & modeling) in FeCr

alloys versus Cr concentration

300 400 500 600 700 800 9000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

200 400 600 800 1000200

400

600

Eurofer 97

F82H

fit

Coe

rciv

e fie

ld (A

/m)

Temperature (K)

UT

S (

MP

a)

T(K)

Coercive field and ultimate tensile

strength versus temperature


Collaboration with CCFE, IFJ, ENEA

Research Highlights

FUSION TECNOLOGYValidation of neutron transport and

activation codes used in ITER

Aim:

Validation of ITER neutronic methodology by

measurements and calculations at JET.

Achievements:

� Prediction of neutron streaming along the

personnel entrance labyrinth in JET and comparison

against TL measurements

� Radiation shielding design optimization

Joint European

Torus and Hall

MCNP model

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1E-12

1E-11

1E-10

1E-9

1E-8

1E-7

1E-6

M6M5M4M3M2M1

H*(

10)

(pS

v)

L/A0.5

Dinter et al.

MCNP D-T

MCNP D-D

Ambient dose equivalent along SW JET labyrinth


Neutron based techniques for

engineering materials

Research Highlights

Neutron Research &

Technology

Collaboration with CEIT-SPAIN, University of Alicante, ANSALDO Energia - Italy

Aim:� Non-destructive application of neutron based techniques in engineering problems

Achievements:

� Residual stress determination in brazed

joints by neutron diffraction. Neutron

tomography reveals the presence of

defects.

10 100 1000

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

N (

R)

R (nm)

C

C/Zr

C/Tin

C/Tib

closed porosity

Volume distribution of closed pores in doped

graphites

Axial Stress versuss Z position for various X

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

278.5 279.5 280.5 281.5 282.5

Z

Ax

ial

Str

es

s (

MP

a)

XT=5.9XT=4.9XT=3.9XT=2.9XT=1.9XT=0.9

W free

surface

Axial Stress

CuCrZr

side

crackResidual stresses of a W tile

joined to a CuCrZr tube

� Porosity determination by small angle

neutron scattering in high temperature

materials


Neutron applications in Archaeology

and Health Science

Work supported by IAEA. Collaboration with TU Delft and University of Ioannina Medical School

Research Highlights

Neutron Research &

Technology

Aim:Development and validation of non-destructive techniques for multi-elemental analysis of

large samples

Achievements: � Validation for cultural heritage and authentication

studies of the Large Sample Neutron Activation Analysis

(LSNAA) technique.

� Nitrogen measurement by Prompt Gamma Neutron

Activation Analysis (PGNAA) as an index of total body

protein in small animals for nutrition studies


Research Highlights

Aerospace MaterialsThermal Protection Systems

Aim:

� Development of processes for fabrication of thermal protection systems for oxidative and high

temperature aerospace applications

Achievements:

�Joining of dissimilar materials (ceramic to ceramic matrix composite, metallic alloy to ceramic

matrix composite) with proven performance in re-entry conditions of space vehicles

Technology sample

of a re-usable

thermal protection

system for re-entry

applications

ceramic

compositemetallic

alloy

Joint area

Joining of ceramic composite material

to a metallic alloy

Collaboration with TECNALIA Spain, EADS-IW Germany, EADS Astrium France, EADS Astrium Germany,

Aerospace & Advanced Composites GmbH Austria, POLITECNICO di Torino Italy


Development of New

Research Infrastructure Research Infrastructure for

Nanotechnology

X-ray diffractometerSmall Angle X-ray aparatus

X-Ray Reflectometer

Magnetron sputtering

Applications: magnetic films, charge trapping memories, functional organic films etc

Collaboration with Univeristy of Ioannina, IAMPPNM-Demokritos, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin CEA-Saclay

35 40 45 50 55 60 65

*

+

*

++

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

**

*

0

** Ru layer

+ Ru buffer

o

I Ni hexagonal

o Ni cubic

**

*

**

*

*

***

*

*

*

*

Ru(12 nm)

t=0.75 nm

t=1.0 nm

t=1.50 nm

t=3.00 nm

t=4.50 nm

Inte

nsity (

arb

. u

nits)

2θ (deg)

sa

t0

+

Grazing Incidence X-ray diffraction spectra from

Ni/Ru multilayers showing the existence of both

hexagonal and cubic Ni structure

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Re

fle

ctivity

2Θ (deg.)

experimental data

fiited curve

AZ

(a)

(b)

AZ/DMBUA experimental data

fitted curve

(c)

AZ/DMBUA/Triclosan experimental data

fitted curve

X-ray reflectivity from organic layers presenting

antibacterial functionality

GIXRD spectra of the SiO2/Si3N4/HfO2

stacks fabricated by various processes


Ion Irradiation Facility

Unique capabilities at European level:

� Irradiation at cryogenic temperatures (40 K) to

effectively “freeze” radiation defects

� Radiation damage measured in-situ by real-time

monitoring of the electrical resistivity

� Rapid in-situ post-irradiation annealing for

damage & recovery studies

ION IRRADIATION FACILITY

WITH

IN-SITU ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY

MEASUREMENT

Development of New

Research Infrastructure

Collaboration with TANDEM laboratory


Gamma spectrometry

� Germanium detector based gamma spectrometer for collimated scanning and coarse

resolution imaging of radioisotope distribution in large samples.

� Applications in LSNAA and fusion material characterization studies

Detector MCNP model

� Three germanium based spectrometry lines for radioactivity measurements

Scanning system

Development of New

Research Infrastructure


Facts for the period 2005-2012

Number of publications (full paper reviewed): 75

Papers in conferences (abstract reviewed): 92

Other articles : 85

Book chapters : 1

Number of citations (excluding self-citations and citations from co-authors): 1169

Funding from EU and National Sources: 3.97 M€

Permanent staff: 4

On Research


Representation of Greece to European and International fora: � National representation for Technology topics in the European Fusion Development Agreement Steering

Committee (EFDA SC)

� National representation in the European Neutron Scattering Association (ENSA)

� Technology Expert in the Euratom – Hellenic Republic Steering Committee

� National representation in the Mediterranean Research Reactor Network under IAEA

� IAEA Radiation technology consultant on Large Sample Neutron Activation Analysis Techniques for Inhomogeneous

Bulk Samples and Large Objects

International Recognition

Collaborations with

14 EU Research Centres (EFDA JET Task Force on Fusion Technology, Culham, U.K.; Fundación TECNALIA Research &

Innovation, Spain; Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Germany; CEA, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, France ; CEA-Saclay, Laboratoire

JANNuS, France; Polish Academy of Science, Institute of Physics, Poland; National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics,

Romania; SCK-CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Belgium; Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), UK; CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain;

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt ev (DLR), Germany; Aerospace Materials and Advanced Technologies, Austria; Institut

National de Cercetari Aerospatiale elie Carafoli - I.N.C.A.S. SA, Romania; Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland

7 Universities (Polytechnic of Turin, Italy; CEIT & TECNUN (Universidad de Navarra), Spain; University of Alicante, Spain; University

of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MIT, USA; Reactor Institute Delft, Delft University of Technology,

The Netherlands; University of Ioannina, Greece

5 EU Industries (Ansaldo Energia, Italy; EADS, Innovation Works (EADS) Germany; ASTRIUM S.A.S. France; ASTRIUM GmbH

Germany, Societe des Lieges HPK, France)



Employment generated for young scientists and engineers: 15 persons and 46 man-years


of Societal value

Education & Training� Number of researchers and graduates trained: 15

� Number of PhD thesis supervised: 9

� Number of MSc thesis supervised: 3

� Number of undergraduate thesis supervised: 5

� Number of stages supervised: 14

� MSc Courses taught in: � Masters Program in Nuclear Security, Delft

� International Atomic Energy Agency Postgraduate Educational Course on Radiation Protection and

Safe Use of Radiation Sources

� Inter-University Postgraduate Course in Medical - Radiation Physics

� Interdepartmental Postgraduate Studies Program on Protection, Conservation and Restoration of art

objects. School of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

� Masters Program in Material Physics, Physics Department, University of Athens


Strategic Planning 2013-2018

Funding of 507.90 k€ for 2014-2018 approved (within the Horizon -2020)

Fusion Technology

Research Focus on:

� JET Fusion Technology

� Functional materials radiation damage

� Plasma Facing Materials

� Experimental Validation of theoretical models

Development of unique Internationally research capabilities

Development of infrastructure for the measurement of physical properties (e.g. magnetic,

electrical, optical) of active samples (JET, ITER and Fusion Reactor needed technologies)

Thermal properties at high temperatures (extend existing infrastructure capabilities for

material characterization at high temperatures)


Neutron Research & Technology

Collaborative Research using the European Large Scale Facilities (MLZ FRM-II Reactor, HZB

BER-II Reactor, CEA-LLB, ISIS Neutron Spallation Source, Reactor Institute Delft) in

� Magnetic thin films

� Fusion materials

� Nuclear analytical techniques for non-destructive analysis of bulk materials and

whole components for technology applications

Materials Under Extreme Environment

Aerospace Materials

Thermal Protection Systems (available budget of 100 k€)

� New EU application for thermal protection systems underway

� Proposal on Passive Thermal Control Systems for aerospace applications to be

submitted for EU funding (Partners: Polytechnic of Turin, Thales Alenia Space, TECNALIA

RESEARCH&INNOVATION, ISQ, NCSR Demokritos, University of Barcelona, GUTMAR, CEIT-KE S.r.o)

Strategic Planning 2013-2018

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