institut jacques monod - 85.31.219.20685.31.219.206/com-enp/enpdays2017/livrets centres... · 1...
TRANSCRIPT
INSTITUT JACQUES MONOD
1- Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex (PI, Alessandra Pierani) ......................................... 2
2- Membrane Traffic In Health and Pathology (PI, Thierry Galli) ................................................................ 3
1
Institut Jacques Monod
Director Giuseppe Baldacci
The Institut Jacques Monod is one of the main centers for basic research in biology in the Paris
region, funded jointly by the CNRS and the University Paris Diderot (UMR 7592). The Institut
Jacques Monod is housed in a modern building, located on the University Paris-Diderot's campus
on the Paris Left-Bank.
Some 300 people work at the Institute (tenured investigators, Ph.D. students, post-docs,
technicians, engineers, French and foreign visitors, and administrative staff) which is headed by
Giuseppe Baldacci, professor at the University of Paris-Diderot. Research at the interface of
biology with physics, mathematics, chemistry and medicine is strongly encouraged. There are
three main Research Topics and two transverse Research axes.
Research topics
Genome and chromosome dynamics
Cellular dynamics and signaling
Development and evolution
Research axes
Quantitative biology and modeling
Molecular and cellular pathologies
To accompany its research, the Institut Jacques Monod has developed a number of important
core facilities, which all offer state-of-the art instrumentation and expertise in the fields of flow
cytometry, electron and photonic microscopy, proteomics, transgenesis and quantitative analysis
of the transcription products of the genome. Supervised by investigators and highly specialized
engineers, the various services on offer have the quadruple vocation of research, service,
expertise and transfer of knowledge. Created to provide access to ultramodern technologies,
they are open for use by investigators from both the academic and privately-funded research
communities.
CONTACT :
Dr. Alessandra PIERANI
INSTITUT JACQUES-MONOD
CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot
15 rue Hélène Brion
75205 PARIS CEDEX 13
+33 1 57 27 81 25 / 81 26
Dr. Thierry GALLI
Group Leader, INSERM ERL U950
INSTITUT JACQUES-MONOD
CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot
15 rue Hélène Brion
75205 PARIS CEDEX 13
+33 6 64 35 85 97
2
Presentation of the research groups affiliated to ENP:
1- Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex (PI, Alessandra Pierani)
The neocortex controls sensory perception, motor behaviours and cognitive functions. These
functions rely on a complex architecture of neural networks that begins to be established during
embryonic development. This early developmental phase constitutes a major step in the
functional emergence of brain circuits. Indeed, studies in the past decades have revealed that
abnormal brain development participates to the etiology of several neurological and psychiatric
disorders including epilepsy, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders or obsessive-compulsive
behaviours.
Our team made major contributions in the field of cortical development by identifying subtypes
of neurons, which have unique characteristics of high motility, cell non autonomous function and
transient life span during cortical development. We showed that life, but also death, of these
transient neurons play crucial roles in the construction of functional and dysfunctional circuits. Notably, persistence of transient neurons during postnatal life is detected in pathological
conditions, thereby opening the intriguing possibility that the lack of their disappearance may be
contributing to dysfunction of cortical circuits.
Our projects aim at the molecular characterization of how migrating transient neurons function
as organizers of cortical development and at testing how manipulating their number and survival
affects wiring of normal and pathological neural circuits in mouse models. We have produced the
first mouse model in which transient neurons survive to adulthood and shown that their death is
also required for the proper development of cortical circuits and animal behaviour. We employ a
multidisciplinary approach including mouse genetics (cell tracing and ablation, gene knock-out),
pharmacological and genetic manipulation during embryogenesis using in vitro and in utero
paradigms including electroporation together with transcriptome profiling, mathematical
modeling and migration studies at single-cell resolution by timelapse microscopy. Furthermore,
in collaboration we also use axonal tracing, electrophysiology, optogenetics and phenotyping
using behavioural tests.
- Ledonne F., Orduz D., Mercier J., Vigier L., Grove E.A., Tissir F., Angulo M.C., Pierani A. and Coppola. E.
Targeted inactivation of Bax reveals subtype-specific mechanism of Cajal-Retzius neuron death in the
postnatal cerebral cortex. Cell Reports (2016), 17, 3133–3141.
- Freret-Hodara B., Cui Y., Griveau A., Vigier L., Arai Y., Touboul J. and Pierani A. Enhanced
abventricular proliferation compensates cell death in the embryonic cerebral cortex. Cereb Cortex
(2016) Sept 12; doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhw264.
- Barber, M., Arai, Y., Morishita, Y., Vigier, L., Causeret, F., Borello, U., Ledonne, F., Coppola, E.,
Contremoulins, V., Pfrieger, F.W., Tissir, F., Govindan, S., Jabaudon, D., Proux-Gillardeaux, V., Galli, T.
and Pierani, A. Migration speed of Cajal-Retzius cells modulated by vesicular trafficking controls the
size of higher-order cortical areas. Current Biol. (2015), 25, 2466-2478. Epub 2015 Sep 17.
Research Highlight in Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2015), 16, 644-645
- Causeret, F., Sumia, I. and Pierani A. Kremen1 and Dickkopf1 control cell survival in a Wnt-
independent manner. Cell Death and Differentiation (2015), Jul 24. doi: 10.1038/cdd.2015.100.
- Barber, M. and Pierani, A. Tangential migration of glutamatergic neurons and cortical patterning
during development: lessons from Cajal-Retzius cells. Review. Developmental Neurobiology (2015),
Nov 18. doi: 10.1002/dneu.22363. [Epub ahead of print] (Review)
http://www.ijm.fr/en/research/research-groups/cortex-cerebral/
3
2- Membrane Traffic In Health and Pathology (PI, Thierry Galli)
Membrane trafficking allows for the communication between the different membrane
compartments of the biosynthetic and endocytic pathways and for the communication between
cells and their environment through the secretion of signalling molecules by exocytosis and
capture of nutrients by endocytosis. Exocytosis and endocytosis are crucial to maintain cell
homeostasis and are also involved in differentiation and morphogenesis of cells. The aim of the
team is to understand the basic mechanisms and the regulation of membrane trafficking in the
context of brain development and plasticity and cancer. Our working hypothesis is that
exocytosis is responsible for the release and expression at the plasma membrane of proteins
that are important for cell migration, outgrowth of axons and dendrites, formation and
maintenance of cell-cell contacts (including synapses), and the repair and plasticity of neuronal
and epithelial cells. We are also interested in the role and regulation of ER-plasma membrane
contact sites in neurite growth. We use classical techniques of cellular and molecular biology with
special emphasis on live cell imaging and proteomics, as well as biophysical approaches to study
membrane dynamics, adhesion and fusion in vitro. Our models include mutant mice, cultured
neuronal and epithelial cells, and the reconstitution of proteins into artificial membranes.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane Associations:Structures and Functions. Gallo A, Vannier C,
Galli T. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2016 Oct 6;32:279-301 (review). DOI : 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111315-
125024
- Ghosh D, Pinto S, Danglot L, Vandewauw I, Segal A, Van Ranst N, Benoit M, Janssens A, Vennekens R,
Vanden Berghe P, Galli T, Vriens J, Voets T. (2016). VAMP7 regulates constitutive membrane
incorporation of the cold-activated channel TRPM8. Nature Comm. 7:10489. doi:
10.1038/ncomms10489
- Molino D, Nola S, Lam SM, Verraes A, Proux-Gillardeaux V, Boncompain G, Perez F, Wenk M, Shui G,
Danglot L, Galli T. (2015) Role of tetanus neurotoxin insensitive vesicle-associated membrane protein in
membrane domains transport and homeostasis. Cellular logistics:e1025182.
- Kuster A, Nola S, Dingli F, Vacca B, Gauchy C, Beaujouan JC, Nunez M, Moncion T, Loew D, Formstecher
E, Galli T*, Proux-Gillardeaux V*. (2015). The Q-Soluble-N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor Attachment
Protein Receptor (Q-SNARE) SNAP-47 Regulates Trafficking of Selected Vesicle-Associated Membrane
Proteins (VAMPs). J Biol Chem. 290:28056-28069. pii: jbc.M115.666362
- Petkovic M, Jemaiel A, Daste F, Specht CG, Izeddin I, Vorkel D, Verbavatz JM, Darzacq X, Triller A,
Pfenninger KH, Tareste D, Jackson CL, Galli T. (2014). The SNARE Sec22b has a non-fusogenic function in
plasma membrane expansion. Nat Cell Biol, 16(5):434-444. doi: 10.1038/ncb2937.
http://www.ijm.fr/en/research/research-groups/membrane-traffic-health-disease/