Inspection and Quality ControlBUILDING TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

2

Objectives of Inspection

To find out the desired quality of work

and materials

To ensure that work is done as per

specifications

To determine the variation in quality of

work done and quality desired

To have quality control at various stages

of construction

3

Functions of Inspection

Stages of inspection:

o Inspection at source

o Inspection during the execution of the

work

4

1.To ensure adherence to the approved standards of materials and workmanship

2.To avoid extra costs3.The elimination of unacceptable

substitutes4.To help contractor in interpreting contract

documents5.Prevention of errors in construction6.To ensure skillful co-ordination7.To discover errors in specifications or

drawings and to correct them8.Periodic reporting of the progress of the

work9.To ensure that recommended safety

standards are followed10.Prevention of unfair practices for

circumventing contractual obligations

5

Inspection of Construction Work

1. Sub soil

2. Materials of construction

3. Equipment

4. Inspection of work

5. Process inspection

6

Principles of Inspection Related to Construction

1. Materials are inspected at the site

2. Nature of inspection should be

determined, for each material of work

3. Inspections should be prompt

4. Definite procedures to be adopted for

borderline cases

5. Frequency of inspection should

correspond to the desired control on the

quality of the work

7

Role of the Inspector

o Should have practical knowledge about

the nature of work to be performed

o Has to familiarize himself with the plans

and specifications of work

o Should be authorized to stop work not

done according to the specifications

o Should report his observations and

actions to higher authorities

8

Technical Services Required for Inspection

Sl No

Stage at which required

Inspection particular

Technical Service Required

1 Before start of project Geological examinations & sub soil borings

Geologist

2 Before start of project Bearing capacity of the soil

Foundation Engineer

3 Before start of project Climatic conditions Meteorological department

4 Before start of project Checking the design Design engineer

5 During execution of the project

Testing of materials EIC, MT lab

6 During execution of the project

Inspection of soil during actual execution

Surveyor of works/EIC

7 During execution of the project

Passing of works in stages

EIC

8 During execution of the project

Check of completed work for bill payment

Technical examiner of works

9

Resources required for Field Inspection

Trained personnel

Equipment

Laboratories

• Soil testing laboratory

• Concrete testing laboratory

• Silt testing laboratory

10

Basic Elements of Quality

Quality characteristics

Quality of design

Quality of conformance

Construction method

Field supervision

Inspection and quality control processes

11

Works Needing Quality Control

1) Concrete

2) Steel

3) Formwork

4) Masonry

5) Water proofing

6) Services

12

Quality Control Methods

Inspection

Testing

Sampling

13

Quality Management System for Construction

14

Three components of QMS

Quality Assurance Plan

Quality Control Process

Quality Audit

15

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

TQM is a process in which the top

management along with the other

employees work to improve the quality of

the product and the work environment

continuously at all stages and all levels in

a quest to improve the satisfaction of the

customers and the employees.

16

TQM and Traditional Management

Sl No

TQM Traditional Management

1. Profit follows quality Quality does not guarantee profit

2. Aims at developing connections between customers, managers and workers

Managers must manage and workers must work. No need for connections

3. It advocates a network structure

It advocates a hierarchical and vertical organizational structure.

4. It is process oriented It is result oriented

5. Advocates flexible multi skilled work force

Emphasizes on division of work force

6. Quality, flexibility and service are the dominant objectives

Economy is the desired objective

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Elements of TQM

Elements

of

TQMFeedback MechanismFeedback Mechanism

CommunicationCommunicationRecognition & RewardsRecognition & Rewards

Customer OrientationCustomer Orientation

Mgmnt. CommitmentMgmnt. Commitment

TrainingTraining

TeamworkTeamwork

Process ImprovementProcess Improvement

Supplier InvolvementSupplier Involvement

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Benefits of TQM

consistencyconsistency

Reduced production timeReduced production time

Improvement in customer perceptions of the organization

Improvement in customer perceptions of the organization

Reduction in the quantity of goods damaged in transit

Reduction in the quantity of goods damaged in transit

Reduced delivery timeReduced delivery time

Customer SatisfactionCustomer Satisfaction

Increase in saleIncrease in sale

Decrease in costsDecrease in costs

19

TQM in Construction Industry

• Instead of focusing on causes of

problems, the industry gives importance

to inspections and monitoring of results

• Non-implementation of industrial

engineering and measurement

techniques

• Existing resources are never fully utilized

20

Constraints to Implementing TQM in the Construction

Industry

• Construction processes are of short

duration

• Large portion of labour works for a short

period

• Construction projects are unique

• Money cant be spent on management

programs

21

Reference

o Gahlot, PS and BM Dhir, Construction

Planning and Management, New Age

International

o Vazirani, VN and SP Chandola, Construction

Management and Accounts, Khanna

Publishers

o Gupta, BL and A Gupta, Construction

Management and Machinery, Standard

Publishers

o Santhakumar, AR, Concrete Technology,

Oxford University Press