Inorganic Membranes for Energyand Environmental Applications

Arun C. BoseEditor

Inorganic Membranes forEnergy and EnvironmentalApplications

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EditorArun C. BoseU.S. Department of EnergyNational Energy Technology LaboratoryPittsburgh, PA, USAarun.bose@netl.doe.gov

ISBN: 978-0-387-34524-6 e-ISBN: 978-0-387-34526-0DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-34526-0

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008935100

c© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the writtenpermission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York,NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use inconnection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software,or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden.The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they arenot identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject toproprietary rights.

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Preface

The study of inorganic membrane materials and processes is a rapidly expandingresearch interest area. This is due to the recognition that research results fromrecent years enabling membrane-based technology modules have the potential toimprove the cost, efficiency, and environmental performances of energy productionsystems beyond current benchmarks. The chapters document progress in inorganicmembranes, especially in advanced materials and novel separation concepts, anduniformly convey an inspired expectation that the information will help identifyR&D opportunities for providing engineering and technological solutions towardsan affordable, efficient, and environmentally progressive energy sector. The bookprovides a single source reference for researchers contemplating continued enhance-ment of inorganic membranes with novel capabilities for applications to futureenergy and fuel production systems, and also offers ideas for technology-basedresponses to address greenhouse gas emission concerns.

The chapters on Ion-Transport Membrane (ITM) oxygen production technol-ogy update readers on the current status and the commercial potential of the non-cryogenic ITM air separation process. The chapters on metal and alloy membranesfor separating hydrogen from coal or natural gas derived shifted synthesis gas willallow the readers to stay abreast of recent developments and challenges in HydrogenTransport Membrane (HTM) technology, and provide ideas and opportunities tofurther build on today’s HTM technology knowledge base and technical know-how.The chapters on porous membranes have been written to provide the readers withinformation on the existing art about the subject.

This book is meant for scientists, engineers, and industry R&D personnelengaged in the development, engineering scale-up, and applications of inorganicmembrane materials and processes; non-technical management staff delegated withprogrammatic and resource allocation decision authorities; and academics involvedin generating inorganic membrane R&D products. By avoiding deep theoreticalfoundations, the book’s content is meant to be readily accessible to readers whowant a look at the current membrane technology state-of-the-art. The editor intendsthis material to advance the culture of science involving inorganic membranes

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and hopes that students, researchers, and program officials will equally find theinformation useful to advance their own work.

Arun C. BoseEditor

Contents

Part I Ion Transport Membranes and Ceramic-Metal Membranes

1 Progress in Ion Transport Membranes for Gas SeparationApplications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Arun C. Bose, Gary J. Stiegel, Phillip A. Armstrong, Barry J. Halper,and E. P. (Ted) Foster

2 Viability of ITM Technology for Oxygen Production and OxidationProcesses: Material, System, and Process Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Marcel J. den Exter, Wim G. Haije, and Jaap F. Vente

3 Oxygen-Ion Transport Membrane and Its Applications in SelectiveOxidation of Light Alkanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Weishen Yang and Rui Cai

4 Ceramic Membrane Devices for Ultra-High Purity HydrogenProduction: Mixed Conducting Membrane Development . . . . . . . . . . . 67S. Elangovan, B. Nair, T. Small, B. Heck, I. Bay, M. Timper,J. Hartvigsen, and M. Wilson

5 Decomposition of Yttrium-Doped Barium Ceratein Carbon Dioxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Theodore M. Besmann, Robert D. Carneim,and Timothy R. Armstrong

6 Mixed-Conducting Perovskite Reactor for High-TemperatureApplications: Control of Microstructure and Architecture . . . . . . . . . . 95Gregory Etchegoyen, Thierry Chartier, Alain Wattiaux,and Pascal Del Gallo

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7 Mixed Protonic-Electronic Conducting Membrane for HydrogenProduction from Solid Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Shain J. Doong, Francis Lau, and Estela Ong

Part II Metal and Alloy Membranes

8 Hydrogen Separation Using Dense Composite Membranes:Part 1 Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Michael V. Mundschau

9 Hydrogen Separation Using Dense Composite MembranesPart 2: Process Integration and Scale-Up for H2 Productionand CO2 Sequestration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155David H. Anderson, Carl R. Evenson IV, Todd H. Harkins,Douglas S. Jack, Richard Mackay, and Michael V. Mundschau

10 Gasification and Associated Degradation Mechanisms Applicableto Dense Metal Hydrogen Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173Bryan Morreale, Jared Ciferno, Bret Howard, Michael Ciocco JohnMarano, Osemwengie Iyoha, and Robert Enick

11 Un-supported Palladium Alloy Membranes for the Production ofHydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203Bruce R. Lanning, Omar Ishteiwy, J. Douglas Way, David Edlund,and Kent Coulter

12 Palladium-Copper and Palladium-Gold Alloy CompositeMembranes for Hydrogen Separations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221Fernando Roa, Paul M. Thoen, Sabina K. Gade, J. Douglas Way,Sarah DeVoss, and Gokhan Alptekin

13 Composite Pd and Pd/Alloy Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241Yi Hua Ma

14 Model-Based Design of Energy Efficient Palladium MembraneWater Gas Shift Fuel Processors for PEM Fuel Cell Power Plants . . . 255Mallika Gummalla, Thomas Henry Vanderspurt, Sean Emerson,Ying She, Zissis Dardas, and Benoıt Olsommer

Part III Porous, Silica and Zeolite Membranes

15 Zeolite Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275Weishen Yang and Yanshuo Li

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16 Advanced Materials and Membranes for Applications in Hydrogenand Energy Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287Balagopal N. Nair, Y. Ando, and H. Taguchi

17 Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Ethane in Hydrogen MembraneReactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299Jan Galuszka, Terry Giddings, and Ian Clelland

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Contributors

Gokhan Alptekin TDA Research, Inc., Wheat Ridge, CO 80033, USA

David H. Anderson Eltron Research & Development Inc., 4600 Nautilus CourtSouth, Boulder, CO 80301-3241, USA

Y. Ando R&D Center, Noritake Company LTD., Miyoshi, Aichi 470-0293, Japan

Phillip A. Armstrong Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, PA 18195,USA

Timothy R. Armstrong Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

I. Bay Ceramatec, Inc., 2425 South 900 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84119-1517,USA

Theodore M. Besmann Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

Arun C. Bose U.S. Department of Energy, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA

Rui Cai Satate Key Lab of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, ChineseAcademy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China

Robert D. Carneim Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

Thierry Chartier Laboratoire de Science des Procedes Ceramiques et Traitementsde Surface (SPCTS), CNRS/UMR 6638, ENSCI, Limoges, France

Jared Ciferno US DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 CochransMill Road, PO Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA

Michael Ciocco NETL Support Contractor, Parsons, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Ian Clelland Natural Resources Canada, CANMET Energy TechnologyCentre-Ottawa, 1 Haanel Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 1M1

Kent Coulter Southwest Research Institute, TX 78228, USA

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xii Contributors

Zissis Dardas United Technologies Research Center, 411 Silver Lane, EastHartford, CT 06108, USA

Marcel J. den Exter Energy research Centre of the Netherlands, PO Box 1, 1755ZG Petten, The Netherlands

Sarah DeVoss TDA Research, Inc., Wheat Ridge, CO 80033, USA

Shain J. Doong Gas Technology Institute, 1700 South Mount Prospect Road, DesPlaines, IL 60018-1804, USA; UOP, 25 E. Algonquin Rd. Des Plaines, IL 60016,USA

David Edlund Idatech, LLC, Bend, OR 97701, USA

S. Elangovan Ceramatec, Inc., 2425 South 900 West, Salt Lake City, UT84119-1517, USA

Sean Emerson United Technologies Research Center, 411 Silver Lane, EastHartford, CT 06108, USA

Robert Enick NETL Research Associate, University of Pittsburgh, Department ofChemical & Petroleum Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Gregory Etchegoyen Centre de Transfert de Technologies Ceramiques, Parcd’Ester, Rue Soyouz, BP36823, 87068 Limoges Cedex

Carl R. Evenson IV Eltron Research & Development Inc., 4600 Nautilus CourtSouth, Boulder, CO 80301-3241, USA

E.P. (Ted) Foster Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, PA 18195, USA

Sabina K. Gade Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA

Pascal Del Gallo Air Liquide, Centre de Recherche Claude-Delorme, Jouy-en-Josas, France

Jan Galuszka Natural Resources Canada, CANMET Energy TechnologyCentre-Ottawa, 1 Haanel Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 1M1

Terry Giddings Natural Resources Canada, CANMET Energy TechnologyCentre-Ottawa, 1 Haanel Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 1M1

Mallika Gummalla United Technologies Research Center, 411 Silver Lane, EastHartford, CT 06108, USA

Wim G. Haije Energy research Centre of the Netherlands, PO Box 1, 1755 ZGPetten, The Netherlands

Barry J. Halper Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, PA 18195, USA

Todd H. Harkins Eltron Research & Development Inc., 4600 Nautilus CourtSouth, Boulder, CO 80301-3241, USA

J. Hartvigsen Ceramatec, Inc., 2425 South 900 West, Salt Lake City, UT84119-1517, USA

Contributors xiii

B. Heck Ceramatec, Inc., 2425 South 900 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84119-1517,USA

Bret Howard US DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 CochransMill Road, PO Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA

Omar Ishteiwy Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA

Osemwengie Iyoha NETL Research Associate, University of Pittsburgh,Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Douglas S. Jack Eltron Research & Development Inc., 4600 Nautilus Court South,Boulder, CO 80301-3241, USA

Bruce R. Lanning ITN Energy Systems, Inc., 8130 Shaffer Parkway, Littleton, CO80127-4107, USA

Francis Lau Gas Technology Institute, 1700 South Mount Prospect Road, DesPlaines, IL 60018-1804, USA; GreatPoint Energy, 1700 South Mt. Prospect Rd.,Des Plaines, IL 60018, USA

Yanshuo Li State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of ChemicalPhysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China

Yi Hua Ma Center for Inorganic Membrane Studies, Department of ChemicalEngineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609,USA

Richard Mackay Eltron Research & Development Inc., 4600 Nautilus CourtSouth, Boulder, CO 80301-3241, USA

John Marano NETL Support Contractor, Technology and Management Service,Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Bryan Morreale US DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 CochransMill Road, PO Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA

Michael V. Mundschau Eltron Research & Development Inc., 4600 NautilusCourt South, Boulder, CO 80301-3241, USA

B. Nair Ceramatec, Inc., 2425 South 900 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84119-1517,USA

Balagopal N. Nair R&D Center, Noritake Company LTD., Miyoshi, Aichi470-0293, Japan

Benoıt Olsommer United Technologies Research Center, 411 Silver Lane, EastHartford, CT 06108, USA

Estela Ong Gas Technology Institute, 1700 South Mount Prospect Road, DesPlaines, IL 60018-1804, USA

Fernando Roa Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA; CurrentAddress: Intel Corporation, Chandler, AZ 85223, USA

xiv Contributors

Ying She United Technologies Research Center, 411 Silver Lane, East Hartford,CT 06108, USA

T. Small Ceramatec, Inc., 2425 South 900 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84119-1517,USA

Gary J. Stiegel U.S. Department of Energy, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA

H. Taguchi R&D Center, Noritake Company LTD., Miyoshi, Aichi 470-0293,Japan

Paul M. Thoen Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA

M. Timper Ceramatec, Inc., 2425 South 900 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84119-1517,USA

Thomas Henry Vanderspurt United Technologies Research Center, 411 SilverLane, East Hartford, CT 06108, USA

Jaap F. Vente Energy research Centre of the Netherlands, PO Box 1, 1755 ZGPetten, The Netherlands

Alain Wattiaux Institut de Chimie de la Matiere Condensee de Bordeaux(ICMCB), CNRS/UPR 9048, Pessac, France

J. Douglas Way Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA

M. Wilson Ceramatec, Inc., 2425 South 900 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84119-1517,USA

Weishen Yang Satate Key Lab of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China