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Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape Restoration in Indonesia Dr. Eli Nur Nirmala Sari & Dr. Satrio Adi Wicaksono (WRI Indonesia) International FLR Conference, Manila, 25-27 February 2019

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Page 1: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support

Successful Forest and Landscape Restoration in Indonesia

Dr. Eli Nur Nirmala Sari & Dr. Satrio Adi Wicaksono (WRI Indonesia)

International FLR Conference, Manila, 25-27 February 2019

Page 2: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

CRITICAL/DE-GRADED LANDS

FORESTS

STATUS QUO

AGRICULTURE &PLANTATION

FORESTS

VISION

AGRO-FORESTRY / SOCIAL FORESTRY

AGRICULTURE &PLANTATION

AGRO-FORESTRY

FOREST AND LANDSCAPE RESTORATION (FLR) in Indonesia

is about restoring various functions, with an emphasis on

multiple benefits that can be achieved.

FOREST AND LANDSCAPE

RESTORATION

Food

Energy

Carbon & Climate

Law and Politics

Socio-culturalSystem

Econo-mics & Finance

Eco-systemservices

Biodiver-sity

How to restore??

Why restore??

Page 3: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

HIGH

LOW

Biodiversityand

ecosystemservices

HIGH LOWState of degradation

LOW

HIGH

Time and cost

Mine reclamation

Rehabilitation

Commercial reforestation/agroforestry

Reforestation with native trees

Assisted natural regeneration

Natural re-generation

FLR in Indonesia encompasses various activities and strategies, with little success thus far

Ministry of Environment and Forestry (~22.6 million Ha between 2015 and 2019): • Social forestry, with high restoration

opportunities (12.7 million Ha) • Rehabilitation of degraded forest and

land (5.5 million Ha)• CSR efforts (1.6 million Ha)• Ecosystem restoration concession

(2.791 million Ha)• Ecosystem recovery in conservation

areas (100,000 Ha)

Peat Restoration Agency (2 million Ha by 2020)

RESTORATION STAIRCASE

FLR-related targets(Chazdon 2008)

Page 4: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

Major Restoration Initiatives in Indonesia through Time

• 1983 - MoF reforestation of protection conservation forests, afforestation of community areas

• 1988 - HTI industrial plantations to rehabilitate logged areas HPH logging concessions to plant and regenerate state-owned companies assigned rehabilitation task

• 1998-2004 - Small-scale CBFM for community and timber • 2000 - Master plan for rehabilitation

2002 - Reforestation funds regulation • 2003 - National movement for rehabilitation (GN-RHL/GERHAN) • 2004 - Ecosystem Restoration Licenses for Degraded Production Forests (IUPHHK-RE) • 2005 - Climate change & REDD+ • 2008 - One Man One Tree• 2011 - One Billion Trees • 2016 - Peat Restoration Agency (BRG) established

Page 5: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

Indonesia had >400 rehabilitation projects 1990s to 2004 -

little positive outcome (Nawir et al. 2007)

• No baseline site data

• Species chosen by government

• Few nurseries • Planting at wrong

time • Inadequate budget

• Inadequate economic viability analysis

• No clear market integration

• No funding plan after project

• Limited rights issued • Limited consultation • No conflict

resolution mechanism

TECHNICAL ECONOMIC SOCIO-CULTURAL

PROBLEMS

THERE IS A LACK OF COORDINATION IN IMPLEMENTING RESTORATION PLAN

Page 6: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

• FLORAS translates ROAM into a technical work plan suitable for the Indonesian context

• FLORAS facilitates multi-stakeholder dialogue that results in FLR assessment, action plan, and strategy.

IUCN and WRI. 2014. A guide to the Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology (ROAM): Assessing forest landscape restoration opportunities at the national or sub-national level. Working Paper (Road-test edition). Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. 125pp.

FLORAS in 6 steps

Multi-stakeholder dialogue

Determining restoration goals and criteria of success

Mapping of restoration potential, priority, and options

Diagnosis of socio-economic

benefits

Diagnosing drivers of

degradation

Analyses of institution & value chain

Feasibility assessment

Measuring ex-ante impact of

restoration

Restoration strategy and

roadmap

Public consultation and financial dialogue

Landscape & District Site-level

1

2

3

4 5

6

ROAM

FLORSiteForest and

Lanscape

Restoration at

Site Level

Page 7: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

• Goal: strengthening the capacity of stakeholders to conduct FLR in Jambi and South Sumatra

• Methods: Using Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology (ROAM), an inclusive and integrative approach, combining local knowledge and best available science

• Scope: watershed (macro-level), district (meso-level), Forest Management Unit (micro/site-level)

Batanghari Watershed

MusiWatershed

Forest and Landscape Restoration Assessment [FLORAS]

Page 8: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

Land owner, local commu-nities, small-holders/farmers

Local gov’ts, CSOs and academia at the landscape

Central gov’t, int’l organizations

• At the macro level, partnering withWatershed Management Forum,established by the Governor

• At the meso level, collaborating with District Planning Agency

• At the micro level, collaborating with Forest Management Unit and Forest Conservation Park

FLORAS Partners1

Page 9: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

RESULTS FROM FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS ON PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL PROBLEMS

GENERAL CONDITION MAP OF AREA OF

INTEREST

SATELLITE IMAGES(Google Earth)

ADMINISTRATIVE BORDERS

(Districts/Sub-districts)

TOPONYM(Names of places)

ROAD AND RIVER NETWORK

LIST OF ENVIRONMENT

PROBLEMS

LIST OF DRIVERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL

PROBLEMS

LOCATIONS

LOCATIONS

LIST OF PAST AND PRESENT

RESTORATION ACTIVITIES

STATUS (LEVEL OF SUCCESS)

Identifying environmental

problems and their locations

Identifying drivers of environmental

problems and their locations

Identifying past and present restoration

activities/ interventions and their

statuses

Identifying desired activities/interventions

RESTORATION SCOPE AND GOALS

Determining Scope and Goals of Restoration2

Page 10: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

0 5 10 15 20 25

Loss of bogs and tributaries

Reduction of clean water

Sea water intrusion

Reduction in land productivity

Reduction in river water quality

River sedimentation

Droughts

Landslides

Forest fires

Floods

Musi Watershed Problems

Page 11: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

Musi Watershed Problems

Droughts Water quality Land productivity

Floods Landslides Forest fires

Page 12: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

Drivers of Floods

Forest fires Less forest cover due

to land conversion

Swamp fill for housing

Illegal logging River sedimentation Conversion of forests

into plantation

Page 13: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

Problems surrounding “restoration” activities

1. No budget allocation for post-planting care

2. Planted species are not physically suitable for the location

3. Planted species are not economically-worthy and not desired by the communities

4. No monitoring after planting5. No measurement or assessment on

how activities contribute to the expected improvement of a certain function

6. No integrated planning7. Limited/slow reforestation efforts

compared to deforestation

Page 14: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

“to restore the function of MusiWatershed through fire prevention and recovery of burned areas, to improve the quality of upstream water catchment and the extent of water catchment area downstream”

Restoration goals

Page 15: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

DETERMINING RESTORATION

SCOPE AND GOALS

DETERMINING RESTORATION

OPPORTUNITIES

DETERMINING RESTORATION

POTENTIAL

DETERMINING RESTORATION

PRIORITY

restorationgoals

Identifying potential areas for restoration3

Page 16: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

when

observed

landscape

does not

function as

expected:

restoration

potential

Actual

Land-Use

Map

Area

Designation

Map

Suitable restoration options were then determined by stakeholders based on local conditions using pebble distribution method (Sheil and Liswanti 2006)

IDENTIFICATION OF RESTORATION OPPORTUNITIES

Page 17: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

INTERVENTION OPTIONS CATEGORIES

Natural regenerationNatural regeneration

Assisted natural regeneration

Enrichment planting with native species

Enrichment planting / agroforestryEnrichment planting with

commercial species

Land rehabilitationRehabilitationand mine reclamation

Mine reclamation

RESTORATION INTERVENTION OPTIONS

Page 18: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

RESTORATION PRIORITY

Page 19: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

• > 1.1 million hectares or 16% of MusiWatershed identified as having the potential for restoration given deviation or degradation from allocated function.

• ~395 thousand hectares or 36% from potential areas are located on peatlands

• 15% of potential areas are located in conservation & protected areas

Musi Watershed Restoration Potential Map

Mapping landscape-level restoration opportunities4

Page 20: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

Musi Watershed Conservative Restoration ScenarioArea Scenario

161k Ha

• No conversion from secondary forest land cover in conservation areas• Plantation land cover in conservation areas restored into agroforestry land-cover;

restoration conducted gradually from 2018 to 2030• Bushes, grasslands, and open areas land cover types in conservation areas restored

naturally, restoration conducted gradually from 2018 to 2030• Bushes, grasslands, and open areas in non-conservation areas restored into

agroforestry

909k Ha

• All types of land cover, except those in forest estates (conservation, protected and production forests) restored into agroforestry

• Tree-based restoration in areas with bushes, grasslands, and open area land cover types located on “forest for other land uses”

80k Ha• Tree-based restoration in areas with bushes, grasslands, and open area land cover

types located on non-forest estates and non-“forest for other land uses”

Natural

Regene-

ration

Enrich-

ment

planting

Rehabili-

tation /

reclama-

tion

Page 21: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

Projected carbon at 2030 with BAU scenario

NR

EP

RR

Emission (Ton CO2 –eq) Sequestration(Ton CO2 –eq)

32,112,896.26

15,379,331.77

1,260,541.91

4,739,075.88

6,232,888.22

927,645.46

Page 22: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

Projected Emission-Sequestration(Ton CO2 –eq)

restoration scenario compared to BAU/Historical scenario

0

50,000,000

100,000,000

150,000,000

200,000,000

250,000,000

300,000,000

350,000,000

400,000,000

Historical emission

0

20,000,000

40,000,000

60,000,000

80,000,000

100,000,000

120,000,000

140,000,000

160,000,000

180,000,000

200,000,000

Historical Seq

106.8MTon carbon

sequestration

41.7 %Reduction in carbon

emission

Page 23: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

RESULTS OF FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONSIDENTIFYING PRIORITY LOCATIONS AND PROBLEMS

GENERAL CONDITION MAP OF FOREST MANAGEMENT UNIT

(FMU)

SATELLITE IMAGES(Google Earth)

ADMINISTRATIVE BORDERS

(Sub-district/Village)

FMU MAP

ROAD AND RIVER NETWORKS

LIST OF PROBLEMSPOTENTIAL

RESTORATION AREAS

EXPECTATIONS ON HOW TO MANAGE POTENTIAL RESTORATION AREAS

Assessment of current regulations and work

plans

Location identification

Identification ofcurrent conditions and

problems

Desired outcomes

FMU-LEVEL POTENTIAL RESTORATION SITES &

WORKPLAN

Site-level Restoration Assessment5

Page 24: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

ObjectiveTo provide relevant analytical input to national/subnational policymaking on peatlandrestoration, especially to support the development of peatlandrestoration plans and their implementation

ScopeFocusing on SE Asian peatlands, although it is possible to expand the scope

Users▪ Government officials commissioning assessment on peatland

restoration opportunities▪ Assessors who need to assess peatland restoration opportunities▪ Experts or stakeholders at national or regional level who need to

know what peatland restoration opportunities entail

ROAM for Tropical Peatlands

Page 25: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

ROAM for Tropical Peatlands

• Identifying problem and challenges

• Identifying and involving keypartners

• Defining scope and output

• Identifying the assessment area

• Identifying peatland restoration options

• Identifying assessment criteria

• Developing work plan

Planning

• Collecting data

• Geospatial mapping of the restoration area

• Developing technical guidelines for peatland restoration

• Identifying key factors for the success of peatland restoration

• Conducting financing analysis

Data collection and analysis • Validating the results

• Gathering input from the government at national and sub-national levels

• Identifying financing options

• Giving ecommendations for implementing peatland restoration

Validation

support

Page 26: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

PEATLAND ECOSYSTEM IN SOUTH SUMATERA

865

Peat Hydrological Unit in Indonesia

2.09

million ha

36

Peat Hydrological Unit in South

Sumatera

23%

of total province

area

Page 27: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

Peatland Ecosystem Restoration Plan in South Sumatera

No District Area (ha) %

1 Ogan Komering Ilir 1,030,601 49.28

2 Banyu Asin 563,083 26.92

3 Musi Banyuasin 358,938 17.16

4 Musi Rawas Utara 57,515 2.75

5 Muara Enim 35,894 1.72

6 Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir 30,305 1.45

7 Musi Rawas 15,104 0.72

2,091,440 100

Peatland area in South Sumatra Province

0.702 million ha

0.517 million ha

57,120 ha

-

200

400

600

800

Tho

usa

nd

s

50-100 cm 100-200 cm 200-300 cm

Area (ha) based on peat depth in South Sumatra Province

Page 28: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

Peatland Ecosystem Restoration Plan in South Sumatera

-

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Tho

usa

nd

s

Hectares

Cultivation area Protection area

Indicative area of peatland ecosystem function

43%

57%

Peatland Ecosystem Function in South Sumatra Province

Cultivation

Protection

Page 29: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

Peatland Ecosystem Restoration Plan in South Sumatera

Rewetting Plan

0 200 400 600 800

Banyu Asin

Muara Enim

Musi Banyu Asin

Musi Rawas

Musi Rawas Utara

Ogan Komering Ilir

Penukal Abab…

Area (ha)Thousands

Dis

tric

t

Canal blockingWater pumpingCanal blocking and water management improvement

Area of Re-vegetation Plan

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

ha

Natural Plantenrichment

Maximumplanting

Page 30: Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment … · 2019-03-05 · Innovation on Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology to Support Successful Forest and Landscape

• Past restoration-related projects in Indonesia have not been very successful due to various reasons, particularly lack of coordination among different levels of authority in implementing restoration plans

• ROAM was adapted at three different levels (macro, meso, and micro) within a landscape to assess restoration potential in an inclusive, comprehensive manner and to increase the capacity of stakeholders in following up the results

• Results include restoration intervention options, priority areas for restoration, cost and benefit calculation, carbon emissions scenarios, diagnosis of the presence of key success factors, action plans, and financing options for restoration

SUMMARY