InferenceInferenceoror

ReadingReading

What is inference?What is inference?

Inference or inferring is like detective Inference or inferring is like detective work - seeking clues, resolving work - seeking clues, resolving mysteries, figuring out whodunit or mysteries, figuring out whodunit or what the text is about even though it what the text is about even though it does not explicitly state it in the text.does not explicitly state it in the text.

Sam ate the food on her plate withoutSam ate the food on her plate without

slowing down between bites.slowing down between bites.

What is inferred?What is inferred?

Sam is a girl………we know that by Sam is a girl………we know that by the author’s use of the pronoun ‘she’the author’s use of the pronoun ‘she’

She is hungry………..author implies She is hungry………..author implies by saying ‘she didn’t slow down’by saying ‘she didn’t slow down’

How would you revise your inference How would you revise your inference after reading the next sentence in after reading the next sentence in the excerpt…………the excerpt…………

Her bus would be arriving in two Her bus would be arriving in two minutes.minutes.

Is she really hungry? No, now I think Is she really hungry? No, now I think she is in a hurry.she is in a hurry.

I have put together what I know to I have put together what I know to revise my inferencesrevise my inferences

Inference is……..Inference is……..

Given information such as a set of Given information such as a set of numbers, a collection of diary entries, a numbers, a collection of diary entries, a poem, an essay or a photograph, you are poem, an essay or a photograph, you are expected to read between the lines, expected to read between the lines, ‘crunch the numbers’ and find meaning‘crunch the numbers’ and find meaning

Once you have interpreted and inferred, Once you have interpreted and inferred, you are then expected to come up with you are then expected to come up with new meanings - new meanings - synthesissynthesis..

He put down $10.00 at the window. He put down $10.00 at the window. The woman behind the window gave The woman behind the window gave him back $4.00. The person next to him back $4.00. The person next to him gave him $3.00, but he gave it him gave him $3.00, but he gave it back to her. So, when they went back to her. So, when they went inside, she bought him a large bag of inside, she bought him a large bag of popcorn.popcorn.

Inferences you could make……Inferences you could make…… A man and a woman on a dateA man and a woman on a date Gone to the moviesGone to the movies Cost of the movie $3.00 per personCost of the movie $3.00 per person Must have been a long time ago because of cost Must have been a long time ago because of cost

and perhaps woman behind windowand perhaps woman behind window The woman doesn’t want the man to pay for herThe woman doesn’t want the man to pay for her He is nice because he won’t take her money He is nice because he won’t take her money She doesn’t want him to pay for everything so She doesn’t want him to pay for everything so

she buys him popcornshe buys him popcorn

We have made inferences that We have made inferences that were ….were ….

Text-based – from information that Text-based – from information that the author supplies about the textthe author supplies about the text

Knowledge-based – from knowledge Knowledge-based – from knowledge you have about the worldyou have about the world

CartoonsCartoons

Editorial CartoonsEditorial Cartoons

More CartoonsMore Cartoons

Bumper StickersBumper Stickers

MY OTHER CAR IS A PAIR OF BOOTS.

Answer my prayers…..Steal this car!

This is not an abandoned vehicle!

Bumper sticker on a police car…Bumper sticker on a police car…

Don’t slow down on my account. Don’t slow down on my account. But if you don’t, it will probably hurt But if you don’t, it will probably hurt your account.your account.

Bumper sticker on a teenager’s Bumper sticker on a teenager’s car….car….

A floorboard? There’s carpet on the floorboard?

Signs posted in places……Signs posted in places……

A mom put this sign on her A mom put this sign on her teenaged son’s door……teenaged son’s door……

Enter at your own risk; an unknown Enter at your own risk; an unknown bacteria is said to be growing in this bacteria is said to be growing in this

room.room.

A sign in a football team’s locker A sign in a football team’s locker room…….room…….

I am your coach, not your mother.I am your coach, not your mother.

A sign at the vet’s office…….A sign at the vet’s office…….

Puddles are for jumping over, Puddles are for jumping over, not walking through!not walking through!

A sign at the library………A sign at the library………

Check it out……really!Check it out……really!

What can help make you What can help make you inferencesinferences

Look for pronouns and figure out what to Look for pronouns and figure out what to connect them toconnect them to

Figure out explanations for these eventsFigure out explanations for these events Think about the setting and see what Think about the setting and see what

details you can adddetails you can add Think about something that you know Think about something that you know

about in the text and see how that fit’s about in the text and see how that fit’s with what’s actually in the textwith what’s actually in the text

After you read a section, see if you After you read a section, see if you can explain why the character acted can explain why the character acted this waythis way

Look at how a character says Look at how a character says something. How would you have something. How would you have interpreted what the character said if interpreted what the character said if different words were stressed or if he different words were stressed or if he had said something differenthad said something different

Look for words you don’t know and Look for words you don’t know and see if any of the other words in the see if any of the other words in the sentence or surrounding sentences sentence or surrounding sentences can give you an idea of what those can give you an idea of what those unknown words meanunknown words mean

As you read a section, look for clues As you read a section, look for clues that would tell you how the author that would tell you how the author might feel about a charactermight feel about a character

It Says – I Say – And So It Says – I Say – And So

It Says – I Say – And SoIt Says – I Say – And So

QuestionQuestion It SaysIt Says I SayI Say And SoAnd So

1. Read the 1. Read the questionquestion

2. Find 2. Find information information from the text from the text that will help that will help you answer you answer that that informationinformation

3. Think 3. Think about what about what you know you know about that about that informationinformation

4. Combine 4. Combine what the text what the text says with says with what you what you know to come know to come up with the up with the answeranswer

It Says – I Say – And SoIt Says – I Say – And So Example Example

It Says – I Say – And SoIt Says – I Say – And So

QuestionQuestion It SaysIt Says I SayI Say And SoAnd So

Why did Why did Goldilocks Goldilocks break Baby break Baby Bear’s chair?Bear’s chair?

Story says she Story says she sits down in sits down in the baby chair the baby chair but she’s no but she’s no baby.baby.

Baby chairs Baby chairs aren’t very big aren’t very big because because they’re for they’re for babies and babies and she is bigger she is bigger so she weighs so she weighs more.more.

And so she is And so she is too heavy for too heavy for it and it it and it breaksbreaks