INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS,PERICARDITIS,

MYOCARDITIS

OBJECTIVES

• Explain the infective causes of endocarditis,myocarditis & pericarditis

• Pathogenesis of endocarditis,myocarditis & pericarditis

• Laboratory diagnosis of infective endocarditis

• Duke’s criteria in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis

LEARNING OUTCOMES

• Identify risk factors for developing infective endocarditis

• Enumerate the organisms that cause infective endocarditis

• Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of infective endocarditis

• Explain the cross- immune hypothesis of rheumatic heart disease

• List the types of pericarditis depending on the effusion (serous,fibrinous,haemorrhagic,casseous)

• Tests used to diagnosis myocarditis include:• Blood cultures for infection • Blood tests for antibodies against the heart muscle

and the body itself • Chest x-ray • Electrocardiogram (ECG) • Heart muscle biopsy (endomyocardial biopsy) • Red blood cell count • Ultrasound of the heart (echocardiogram) • White blood cell count

• If fluid has built up in the pericardial sac, it may show on:• Chest MRI scan • Chest x-ray • ECG • Echocardiogram • Heart MRI or heart CT scan • Radionuclide scanning • These tests show:• Enlargement of the heart • Signs of inflammation • Scarring and contracture of the pericardium (

constrictive pericarditis)

• Blood culture • CBC • C-reactive protein • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) • HIV serology • Pericardiocentesis, with chemical analysis

and pericardial fluid culture • Tuberculin skin test