21 APRIL – 06 JUNE 2014

STUDENTS’ INDUSTRIAL WORK

EXPERIENCE SCHEME

(SIWES)

2014

TRAINING REPORT

ON

By:

OPAWOLE TOSIN MOSES

(171012)

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THREE MONTHS TRAINING REPORT

ON

STUDENTS’ INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME

(SIWES) - TIT 399

ACHIEVED WITH

REDGREY ASSOCIATES

10TH FLOOR, ELEGANZA BUILDING,

ADEYEMO ALAKIJA STREET,

VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS STATE.

PREPARED BY

OPAWOLE TOSIN MOSES

171012

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

PREPARED FOR

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING COORDINATING CENTRE (ITCC)

UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN,

IBADAN.

July 11, 2014

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400 Level,

Civil Engineering Department,

Faculty of Technology,

11th July, 2014 .

The Director,

Industrial Training Coordinating Center,

University of Ibadan.

Dear Sir,

THREE MONTHS INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT SUBMISSION LETTER

I, Opawole Tosin Moses, a Civil Engineering student with matriculation number 171012

hereby submit the works report for the just concluded three months Industrial Training

Program which was undertaken at Redgrey Associates, 10th floor Eleganza Building,

Adeyemo Alakija Street, Lagos State.

The submission is a reflection of the actual experience acquired during the Industrial

Training Program starting from 14th of April, 2014 to 6th of June 2014 as required by

the Centre.

Thanks.

Yours faithfully,

Opawole Tosin Moses

171012

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

…God, my parents, people that have in one way or the other touched my life and to myself for masterminding the writing of this report!

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

FRONT PAGE 1

TITLE PAGE 2

LETTER OF SUBMISSION 3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4

TABLE OF CONTENTS 5

ABSTRACT 6

Chapter One

1.1 INTRODUCTION 8

1.2 COMPANY PROFILE 9

Chapter Two

PROJECTS ENCOUNTERED: Design 10

Chapter Three

PROJECTS ENCOUNTERED: Site Works 19

Chapter Four

CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS 28

REFERENCES 29

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ABSTRACT

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) as intended by Nigerian

Government was introduced as a means to skills-training and competence-building

intervention for students of tertiary institutions. SIWES was established in 1973 by the

industrial training fund ITF. This was a reaction to the directive given to ITF through

Decree 47 of 1971, charging it with the responsibility of promoting and encouraging the

acquisition of skills in industry and commerce with the view to generating a pool of

trained indigenous manpower sufficient to meet the needs of the economy.

SIWES has the potential of increasing the scope and variety of technical skills in the

common phases for the industrial, technological and economic development. The

projected stakeholders in the SIWES project include the students, institution and

employers (the attachable organizations and companies). This basically is expected to

enhance full participation and cooperation of the stakeholders and also, minimizes the

gap between theoretical knowledge acquisition and the practical experience of

students. Participating in this scheme is a valid requirement to meet BSc. (Hons) award

for Civil and Environmental Engineering.

Obviously, Entrepreneurs engaged in Civil and Environmental Engineering works (design

and construction) have made available privileges to intending students to get attached

to their establishments in order to make realistic the vision of the Nigerian Government.

The scheme has not only improved local content participation but also has created job

opportunities to students who are diligent in their doings while on the scheme.

This is a report aimed at briefing my experience while I was involved in The Students’

Industrial Work-Experience Scheme (SIWES) and what I think could be done to improve

the scheme. I was taught and engaged the basic stages involved in the design of a

structure (which involves the breaking down of the structure into panels), preliminary

design (which involves estimating the sizes of the members and checking if they will

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satisfy both ultimate and limit state design criterion), final design involves the analysis

and design of the structure. I was taught how to design and model a structure using

softwares like Ms-Excel (spreadsheet), AutoCAD, Orion, Beamax, and ETABS, without

leaving out guidance on basic detailing strategies. The softwares earlier stated are

priorities in various Civil & Environmental Engineering works.

This report comprises of four chapters: chapter one is introduction and briefs of SIWES

and company profile, chapter two contains the design experience acquired, chapter

three further showcase the site experience acquired while chapter four is conclusion

and recommendations.

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 SIWES: Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme:

SIWES a scheme by ITF “Industrial Training Fund” was established in 1973 to solve

the problem of lack of adequate practical skills preparatory for employment in

industries by graduates of Nigerian tertiary institutions. SIWES is intended to expose

technical undergraduates basically to industry based skills necessary for a smooth

transition of knowledge from the walls of their schools to the realm of professional

practice. It radically encourages students “technical undergraduates” of tertiary

institutions to initial handling and use of industrial machineries, tools, instruments,

wears and realistic visits to sites related to their courses of study. This as expected

enhances further understanding for all participating to students as they engaged a

more advanced level of study in their fourth and final year as an undergraduate.

With this Scheme Nigerian academic standard is made real and feasible.

Participation in SIWES is as of now a compulsory criterion for the award of Diploma

and Degree certificates in specific disciplines in most institutions of higher learning

in the country, in accordance with the education policy of government.

AIMS OF SIWES

Lightly listed as:

I. Availability of practical skills, understanding and experience to students in

their respective fields.

II. Platform for creativity with ability to explore options in solving problems

and achieving success in the participating students.

III. To subdue professional fear and improve confidence of students in their

line of study.

IV. To improve the quality and reasonability of students being discharged to

the nation’s workforce at the end of their undergraduate study.

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COMPANY PROFILE

1.1 GENERAL SURVEY OF THE FIRM

REDGREY ASSOCIATES is located at 10th floor, Eleganza building, Adeyemo Alakija

Street, Victoria island, Lagos State, Nigeria. Founded in 2004, Redgrey is a full service,

civil engineering and management consulting firm. The firm focuses on civil engineering

(structural designing, development engineering, conceptual engineering and

supervision), architecture, quantity surveying and project management. The

management team is backed by committed and dedicated employees with combined

skills and expertise. This enables the firm to offer their clients a service that is not only

expected, but deserved.

1.2 TOOLS IMPLEMENTED IN THE FIRM

The Company has, for many years, recognized the importance and enhanced

capabilities of computer and their role in engineering. Accordingly, REDGREY Associates

has progressively installed and updated extensive in-house computer systems that are

in daily use.The softwares used in the firm for structural analysis, design, drawings and

detailing are:

AutoCAD: for setting out the general arrangement drawing (G.A.) for detailing

structural elements

RCC spread sheets: for designing slabs, beams, columns, staircases, foundation

and bar bending schedule.

ORION Ver. 14, 15.1, 16.0: for both design and detailing of structures.

ETABS by COMPUTER AND STRUCTURES Inc.

SAFE by COMPUTER AND STRUCTURES Inc.

Beamax: for structural member analysis

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Steel safety factor: 0.95 Steel safety factor: 0.95

Solid slabs Solid slabsroof slab GF slab

topping 0 ribs 1000 topping 0 ribs 1000

pots: width 0 height 100 pots: width 0 height 100

load g: topping - KN/m2 load g: topping - KN/m2

ribs 2.40 KN/m2 ribs 2.40 KN/m2

pots - KN/m2 pots - KN/m2

screed 1.32 KN/m2 screed 1.32 KN/m2

plaster 0.36 KN/m2 plaster 0.36 KN/m2

walls - KN/m2 walls 1.50 KN/m2

LOAD: g(k)= 4.08 q(k)= 0.75 LOAD: g(k)= 5.58 q(k)= 3

1.4g+1.6q= 6.91 KN/m2 1.4g+1.6q= 12.61 KN/m2

CHAPTER TWO

PROJECTS ENCOUNTERED: Design

During my stay at REDGREY ASSOCIATES (RGA), I was exposed to Civil Engineering

consulting business prosper. The firm’s operations comprise of structural design and

site supervision of Civil and Environmental projects; Development of Pan-Atlantic

University (PAU) undergraduate site located at Eleko along Lekki-Epe expressway is one

of the firm’s major projects.

I got acquainted with the firm’s mode of operation – the Phase I and Phase II stages of

design; Once the firm is commissioned for a project and architectural drawings received

in both hard and soft copies, the Phase I design stage commences. A preliminary design

is carried out which entails load estimation based on BS 6399, and preliminary sizing of

structural members with reference to Table 3.19 BS 8110-1:1997. From the foregoing,

the approximate overall weight of the building is estimated. The ultimate design load

(n) of each floor is summed up including the roof load in kN/m2 to obtain the total

weight of the building which is thereby divided by the building area to obtain the total

weight of the building in kN/m.

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The above information is made available to the geotechnical engineering company

which therefore carried out geotechnical investigation to obtain subsoil and ground

water conditions of the site. A comprehensive report is therefore prepared based on

acquired information from the geotechnical investigation. The report provides

information about the geological settings of the site, soil profile, ground water level and

recommendations on the type of foundation to be adapted based on the weight of the

building estimated by the structural engineer.

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RGA therefore prepares sets of structural drawings (stamped) based on preliminary

design made previously which is sent in conjunction with architectural, electrical and

mechanical drawings to Lagos State Building Control Agency for approval. The structural

drawings contain Foundation Layouts, Ground floor and other floors layouts with piece

by piece detailing of all structural elements. The Layouts/General arrangements show

beam and column sizes, slab thickness and levels with reference to setup datum. The

structural layouts were modeled analyzed with Orion RC design software.

SUSBSOIL INFORMATION:

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PAU STUDENTS’ CENTRE: GROUND FLOOR LAYOUT

PAU STUDENTS’ CENTRE: FIRST FLOOR LAYOUT:

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PAU STUDENTS’ CENTRE 3D MODEL

PAU STUDENTS’ CENTRE: DEFORMED SHAPE DISPLAY

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PAU STUDENTS’ CENTRE: ANALYSIS RESULTS – BENDING MOMENTS DIAGRAM

PAU STUDENTS’ CENTRE: ANALYSIS RESULTS – SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

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In the Phase II design stage, the structural layouts were modeled, analyzed and

designed in ETABS. The results of the analysis and area of steel provided by ETABS were

exported to Excel spreadsheet. A graph showing the reinforcements required for all

beams were generated using PIVOT CHART in Excel, this was used to properly detail the

beams. The beams elevations were imported via DXF from Orion.

This firm uses two softwares: Orion and Etabs to achieve their analysis and design.

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The followings were some of the aspects of works I participated in:

I prepared bending schedules of beams and columns using AutoCAD.

I was involved with a follow up of strip foundation design of School of Media,

Pan African University, Ibeju-Lekki campus. It was modeled and designed

using structural design software “ETABS”, it structural analysis principle is

based on finite element method of analysis. The foundation provides for a

suspended ground floor carried by 900x230mm ground beams and

400x300mm suspended beams having concrete characteristic of fcu= 21

N/mm2.

I was involved in the modeling of PAU students centre building with Orion and

Etabs.

I designed and detailed the first floor and roof slabs of the above mentioned

project.

I carried out preliminary design and preparation of structural layouts for an

office complex located at Cheveron roundabout along Lekki-Epe express way.

I compiled in PDF format and print out drawings for an already completed

project in Ajah. The drawings were submitted to the Quantity Surveyor for re-

measurement of the work done on the site.

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PLATE 12

TYPICAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS ELEVATION & BENDING SCHEDULES

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CHAPTER THREE

PROJECTS ENCOUNTERED: Site Works

Construction of building involves many different trades, materials, operations, and

schedules that must be properly managed in order to meet a budgeted amount or time

period expected for occupancy. A general contractor is selected and awarded the

contract to construct and build to client’s specifications. The construction process is

often wrought with uncertainty and unpredictable events, but once everything is

completed, a sense of satisfaction (and relief) is had by all.

The role of a structural engineering firm is an integral part of a construction process,

which includes preparation of construction drawings after rigorous calculations had

been done and supervision of works carried out by the general contractor.

During my SIWES, so many construction projects were on-going. Which are: PAU

Academic complex, PAU students’ Centre, Lagoon Hospitality Unit and Dining Extension,

Enterprise Development Centre (EDC) and the PAU Male Residence. Site meetings were

held fortnightly for each project. At the meeting, different consultants meet to discuss

technical issues as regard the project. The meetings were being head by a Project

Manager which is usually an Architect, client’s representative, the structural

engineering consultant, Quantity surveyor, Mechanical and Electrical consultants and

the general contractor’s team.

Before every meeting, the site is briefly inspected and issues are being raised on any

aspect of work that are not to specifications and the structural engineer in-charge of the

project issues an instruction to the client which is properly documented for future

reference in case the general contractor do not follow the instructions. The site meeting

is a tool used by the PM to track the progress of work, identify problems that can cause

delay, provide solution, assign responsibility and give a time-line to all tasks.

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Apart from the regular site meetings, the general contractors do schedule site

inspection with the structural engineer prior to the casting of any structural elements.

During the inspection the following were looked out for:

Drawings: it must be approved and current

Formwork: shapes, size and level must conform

Reinforcement Bars: diameter, numbers, spacing, shape, length, positions and

conditions as regard corrosion.

Concrete cover: as specified in the drawing. It must be minimum

Cleanliness: the site is also checked for any form dirt that can affect the quality

of concrete to be poured by the general contractor.

Opening for concreting: the rebars must not be congested that will affect

concrete pouring and cause voids in the structural elements after casting.

An Engineer’s Instruction is issued to the general contractor stating that the contractor

can proceed to pour concrete depending on if the above mentioned items and

acceptance criteria are met and if not, Instruction is issued for remedial actions.

PAU STUDENTS’ CENTRE: ROOF REINFORCEMENT WORK

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PAU STUDENTS’ CENTRE: VIEWS

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LAGOON HOSPITALITY UNIT FIRST FLOOR REINFORCEMENT WORK

LAGOON HOSPITALITY UNIT FIRST FLOOR FORMWORK

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LAGOON DINING EXTENSION ROOF FORMWORK ERECTION

LAGOON HOSPITALITY UNIT FIRST FLOOR ALREADY CAST CONCRETE

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The followings were some of the aspects of works I participated in:

I was taught to identify bar sizes and their numbers.

I was involved in the counting of stirrups and spacings fixed in beams

I measured formwork depth check for concrete cover.

I helped to read drawings and determined if there is any issue.

One experience worth to mention was columns which the concrete strength did not

conform. The concrete design characteristics strength is 21 N/mm2 while the value

obtained after crushing the test cubes samples at 28 days was 11 N/mm2. The general

contractor was summoned for a meeting and RGA team of engineers provided remedial

action to salvage the situation. The design loads (N) on each column were used to

redesign the columns with an fcu of 11 N/mm2, this result in increasing the cross-

sectional area of the concrete in order to increase the carrying capacity of the column.

The general contractor was made bear the cost of the repair works.

To rescue the situation, the surrounding beams and slabs of the columns were properly

propped and the existing columns were bush-hammered to expose existing

reinforcement bars. New reinforcement bars welded on steel plates (longitudinal and

stirrups) were provided and installed. A new formwork was built up and concrete was

poured thereby increasing the column’s section.

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CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED

I will like to make known a few of the challenges I encountered while at duty during my

participation in SIWES.

They can be described thus;

The first and basic challenge I had during this program was the creation of office

relationship which seems to be due to age and qualification differences, at about the

first one week of the program.

At the time of visiting PAU project, I got uneasy over time of travel and the expanse of

site we had to walk through because the project vehicle could not navigate all parts of

the site.

Though, I was good with the use of AutoCAD software I found out I was to an extent

slow due to the pace at which work is done and expected at the office.

So, I decided to always ask questions on how to be fast with the software and also with

the use of shortcuts on the program.

The office (supervisors) never made my challenges my problem but took time to help

me overtake them. They made the use of structural engineering softwares easy for me.

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CHAPTER FOUR

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

I wish to conclude this report with the opinion that the Industrial Work Experience

Scheme has proved inestimably value in helping me appreciate the professional

relevance of the theoretical knowledge acquired in my course of study over the

years. The scheme also, to me as a Civil engineering student has encouraged

practical applications of structural terms in reinforced concrete and steel design

alongside relevance of subsoil investigations and various types of foundation.

The scheme has obviously introduced all stages/phases and part skills of Civil

engineering design and construction to me in a stretch of just 7 weeks.

Based on the acquired experience in Civil Engineering Consulting and project

management, I will like to write that the following should be more focused on if

existing in the academic curriculum, if not should be introduced.

This opinion includes:

Introductory courses on professional human relation and resourcing should be

offered to undergraduates as early as possible in their academic years.

The practical aspects of our theoretical curricula should be properly adhered to

such that it becomes part of us.

Enlightening courses on project management and perhaps business/marketing

engineering should be encouraged as a criterion to having a certified degree. This

will in a way help displace to extremity unemployment.

Finally, I wish to recommend that participating institutions should enforce the

supervision aspect of the program to ensure students sincerity to the scheme.

I think SIWES would be much more effective if silent observers are positioned in

various organizations to give an accurate evaluation of the working style and

situations of its SIWES students.

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References

Institution of Civil Engineers www.ice.org www.icivilengineer.com British Standard Codes on Reinforced Concrete Design ROCLA Concrete Handbook, Murray & Roberts Company. Industrial Training Log-Book. RGA Design Standars ETABS Training Manual ORION Training Manual