10th February, 2010Pusa Institute, New Delhi

India TEEB

Pavan Sukhdev

Study Leader – TEEB

& Special Adviser & Head - Green Economy Initiative

United Nations Environment Programme

“Potsdam Initiative – Biological Diversity 2010”

……the economic significance of the global loss of

biological diversity….

TEEB Interim Report CBD COP-9, Bonn, May 2008

TEEB Main Reports Nov. 2009 – Oct. 2010

TEEB Climate Issues Update Strömstad September 2009.

TEEB‟s origins …

Main Assets Built by TEEB

TEEB Reports

& Databases

Constant review

and updates

TEEB

Approach

Collaborative

stewardship

TEEB

Community

Vibrant &

expanding

TEEB

Brand

Evolving, dynamic,

jointly owned

TEEB approach to “valuation”

1. Recognizing value: a feature of all human societies and communities

2. Demonstrating value: in economic terms, to support decision making

3. Capturing value: introduce mechanisms that incorporate the values of ecosystems into decision making

Norms,

Regulations

& Policies

Markets

Economic

Mechanisms

Recognizing

value

Demonstrating

value

Capturing

value

Regional Planning

Legislations

PES

PA Evaluation

Certification

Applying TEEB Approach …

Ch.4Ch.5 Ch.3 Ch.3

Examples : Integrating ecosystem services into

land use plans in Baoxing County, Sichuan, China

REGIONAL PLANNING

An ecosystem service mapping and

modeling tool (InVEST) used to plan

development zones that avoid areas of high

ecosystem service provision and

conservation importance

Developments were reconsidered by local

government officials during the making of

the next Baoxing County Land Use Master

Plan 2010 where mapping had highlighted

that activities were planned in areas of

several critical ecosystem services

Examples : Tubbataha Marine Park, PhilippinesUNESCO World Heritage site, contains 396 species of corals & has higher

species diversity per square metre than the Great Barrier Reef

LEGISLATIONS

After1998 Bleaching –

Stakeholders meeting

“No-take” areas agreed, & later,

President passed the Tubbataha

Reefs Natural Park Act in 2010

( 10 mile buffer zone around the

no-take marine reserve) thus

increasing Park by 200%

10% annual increase in live

coral cover.

fish biomass is four-folds better

than the average healthy reef

Examples : Kampala WetlandServices provided by the Nakivubo swamp include natural water purification

and treatment & supporting small-scale income activities of slum dwellers

PROTECTED AREA

EVALUATION

Ecosystems services provided

by the swamp equal USD 1

million -1.75 million / year

If the swamp is converted then

additional investment into a

sewage treatment plant would

be required with running costs

of over USD 2 million / year

(Nakivubo designated a part

of the city’ s greenbelt zone)

Examples : „Satoyama‟ Landscapes75 - 100% reduction in pesticides, traditional winter flooding rice

farming adopted, & White Stork rice & other certified products sold

at a “premium”

PES

2003 - 2007: farmers paid 40,000 JYen per 1,000m2

of rice paddies .Currently granted 7,000 JYen per

1,000m2 by Toyo-oka City

CERTIFICATION

Rice sold at 23 % higher rate for reduced pesticide

use, and 54 % more for organic farming

Konotori no Mai / Flying Oriental White Stork

White Stork habitat increased from 0.7 ha in 2003 to 212.3 ha

Extinct in 1971, now has over 40 breeding pairs

1 billion JPY annually in tourism, & municipal income raised by 1.4 %

19.04.2011 10Source: Gundimeda and Sukhdev, D1 TEEB

Indonesia India Brazil

21%

79%

16%

84%

10%

90%

25%

75%

47%

53%

89%

11%

99 million 352 million 20 millionEcosystem services

dependency

Ecosystem services

A Key Finding :

Natural capital and poverty reduction

Ecosystem services as a

% of classical GDP

Ecosystem services as a

% of “GDP of the Poor”

A Key Recommendation :

Measuring better to manage better

Rapidly upgrade the System of National Accounts (SNA) to include

changes in natural capital stocks and ecosystem service flows

(CBD Strategic Plan – Target 2 ... in [..])

URGENT : physical accounts for forest stocks / carbon storage

need to be in place (e.g. for orderly development of REDD+)

Ch.3,5Ch.3

Natural resources are economic assets, whether or not they enter the

marketpace

Conventional measures of national economic performance (eg : GDP

Growth) fail to reflect these stocks and their benefits flows.

A Key Recommendation :

Financial Disclosure and “Net Positive Impact”

Disclose all major externalities in the annual reports and accounts

of business and other organizations

Reflect all environmental liabilities and changes in natural assets of

the Corporation in its statutory accounts

Principles of „No Net Loss‟ or „Net Positive Impact‟ (avoidance,

mitigation, restoration, compensation, etc) should be integrated

into normal business practice

Ch.3-5

Corporate financial reporting standards & purchasing policies do not

generally require attention to environmental externalities

Main Implementation Demands

• TEEB Capacity Building for Developing Countries

• “Country” and “Regional” TEEB Assessments

• Green National Accounts (WB, UNEP & Others)

• Estimating Business Sector Externalities (TEEB Foundation)

• Identifying & closing Ecology & Valuation Knowledge Gaps

• Communicating the Issue to Society at Large

India TEEB Deliverables & Timelines

(To Be Discussed at Stakeholder Meeting) Date Deliverable Details

Nov 2012 Interim Report To include three State-level examples with one District from each and two communities in every District

Dec 2013 (estimated)

Final Reports Comprehensive India-wide examples

Dec 2013(estimated)

Green Accounting Inputs

India TEEB inputs to World Bank’s Wealth Accounting project

Dec 2015(estimated)

TEEB Process Implementation for India

Valuations Processes at State level, Wealth Accounting and Green National Accounts at State and national level, Eco-certification norms, Payments for Ecosystem Services, etc, instituted across states

India TEEB “Community” … (This Includes You All Today)

Type of organization Number

Ministries 17 and more…

Educational institutes 16 and more…

Corporate sector 9 and more…

Civil society organisations 15 and more…

The problem : Pasture degradation resulting in income loss,

further expansion of pasture area.

Focus on Ecosystem services : to tackle poor pasture practices,

soil erosion, increased water runoff, and biodiversity loss

Policy response : Silvo-pastoral management on 3,500 ha by

planting improved grasses, fodder, shrubs, trees. GEF funding for

biodiversity and carbon fixation (PES) to cover initial investment

costs.

Results:

1. Enhanced local benefits: nutrient recycling, fruit, fodder, timber,

water flow regulation, protection against landslides.

2. After the project, farmers still keep the silvopastoral systems

without the PES, due to its multiple benefits.

(picture: CIPAV)

Ecosystems as assets for local development

1. 10 existing and 89 planned hydroelectric dams in Brazil need forested watersheds for low sediment load (est. economic value of enhanced useful life $ 600 million p.a.)

2. Silvo-pastoral management in Colombia.

Source:

TEEBcase Silvopastoral Project

The opportunity: Maintaining, restoring or enhancing ecosystem services

• To save municipal costs– Quito’s drinking water comes cheaper from 2 national

parks

– Kampala’s wetlands effectively treat sewage

• To protect against natural hazards– mangroves protect against typhoons in northern

Vietnam

• To boost the local economy – it pays to protect sharks in the Maldives

• To help tackle poverty– woodland restoration secures essential services to

agropastoralists in Tanzania

Source: all examples are TEEBcases (teeb.org)

Thank You !

www.teebweb.org

www.teeb4me.com