index from middle-class writing in late medieval london

Copyright

– 235 –

INDEX

Abbehal, Ralph, 36

Acle, 11

Alberti, 156

aldermen, 5, 30–1, 47

Aldersgate, 81

Wardmote Minutes, 38

Andrew, Richard, 116, 127

Anglo-Norman language, 8, 40, 52, 96, 109,

111, 143

Anglo-Saxon, 59, 63, 79

Annals Londonienses, 78–9

anthologies, 12, 158–65

apprentices, 3, 30, 43–4

apprenticeship, 5–6, 35, 38, 133

Armburgh Papers, 117, 144–5

Armourers, 85, 87

Arnold, Richard, 155, 157, 163–4

Customs of London, 19, 33, 53, 63–4, 66,

80, 89, 90, 94, 139–40, 143, 155, 157,

159–60, 162, 168–9

texts found in, listed, 160–1

ars dictaminis, 17, 24, 58–9, 62, 115, 118

artisans, 11, 12, 16, 27–8

attorneys, 46, 48, 61, 64, 68

Aylesham, John, 49

Bakers’ guild, 43, 81, 82, 83

Baldwin, C. S., 102

banking, 23–4

Barber-Surgeons, 81, 82

Bardolph, William, 113

Barron, Caroline, 27, 31–2, 38, 96, 171

Barton, Ralph, 99

Bateson, Mary, 53

Bateson, Robert, 36

Beckington, Th omas, 125

Betson, Th omas, 117, 138, 150, 153

Beverly, 29

bills, 97–8

of exchange, 88–91

Bishop’s Lynn, 96

Black Book of the Admiralty, Th e, 51

Black Book of Winchester, Th e, 53

Black Death, 16, 23, 25–6

Boccaccio, Giovanni, 25

Bodley, Sir Th omas, 172

Boethius, 41

Boncompagno, 61, 115

bonds, 65–6, 100, 106

Book of London English, A (Chambers and

Daunt), 3, 44, 72, 96–7, 111, 112

books

private, 155–65

production, 33–4, 37, 44

see also codex books; commonplace

books; custumals; guild books

Borderers’ Company, 100

Bovyle, John, 137

Branca, Vittore, 24

Brembre, Nicholas, 41, 64, 69, 96–7

Bresslau, Harry, 61

brewers, 49, 96

Brewers’ Guild, 8, 40, 41, 42, 144

Book, 43, 44, 87, 113–14, 143

clerk (William Porland), 8, 42, 82,

113–14, 143

Hall, 39, 42

minutes book, 87

women in, 144

Brews, Margery, 151

Brinklow, Henry, 172

Bristol, 13, 53, 80, 86, 93

British Isles, 24

Copyright

236 Middle-Class Writing in Late Medieval London

broadsides, 96, 97

Broun, John, 46, 47

Bruges, 1, 2, 132

Brynchele, John, 41

bulletin letters, 115, 130–4

Burgundy, 1, 2, 41

business letters, 59–61, 108

Butchers’ Company, 42, 81

Byrne, Muriel St Clare, 140

Calais, 110, 113, 138, 142, 153

Staple at, 90, 110, 116, 153

Cambridge History of the Book in Britain, 14

Camden, William, 8

Canigiani, Gherardo, 1, 2, 6, 11

Cannon, Debbie, 79, 80

captatio benevolentiae, 120, 126–8

Carpenter, John, 32, 38, 56, 57, 63, 74, 77,

79, 100

Carpenters’ Company, 48

Carswell, John, 85

cartularies, secular, 73–4

Catesby, Elizabeth, 149

Catto, Jeremy, 77, 78

Catworth, Th omas, 114

Caxton, William, 142, 172

Cely, George, 91, 110, 119, 126, 127, 128

Cely, Richard, 45, 58, 59, 89, 116, 121, 127,

128, 142

Cely family, 3, 18, 28, 31, 71, 89, 91, 102,

107, 108, 116–17, 120, 123, 127, 128,

132, 134, 135, 138, 142, 148

chaff e-wax, 49, 64

Chancery, 4, 5, 28, 32, 36, 48, 49, 50, 52, 64,

66, 69, 70, 91, 92, 109

List of Early Chancery Proceedings, 145

Chandler, John, 123

charters, 29, 30, 33, 40–1, 49, 61–5

writing, 62

Chaucer, Geoff rey, 5, 11, 21, 26, 27, 39, 44,

55, 60, 61, 102–3, 141, 146, 171

Cheney, C. R., 58

Chester, John, 82

Chichele, Henry, 56, 113

Chichele, John, 57

Chichele, Robert, 17, 46, 56–7, 64, 65, 74,

79, 84, 85, 88, 90, 95, 98, 99, 109, 114

Chichele, William, 56–7, 67, 98–9

Chichele family, 26, 29, 49, 63, 98–9

chronicles, 8, 12, 45, 50, 156, 157–8, 160,

163, 164, 166, 169–70

Annals Londonienses, 78–9

Arnold’s Chronicle, 19, 33, 53, 63–4, 66,

80, 89, 90, 94, 139–40, 143, 157,

160–1

‘Gregory’s Chronicle’, 12, 150, 157, 158,

159, 160–1

church, 5, 25, 39, 46, 59, 110, 170

clergy, 46, 106, 112

religious texts, 5, 7

Cicero, 59, 118

Cinque Ports, 34, 52, 79

citizens’ custumals, 19, 20, 154–70

citizenship, 6–7, 27, 30, 40, 86

Clanchy, Michael, From Memory to Written

Record, 7, 9, 14, 15, 20, 32, 37, 51, 61,

74, 76, 95, 136

Clark, Th omas, 138

classes

economic, 11

social, 137–8, 140, 141

see also middle classes

Claydon, John, 10

clergy, 46, 106, 112

Clerk (Master) of the Rolls, 64

clerks, 3, 4–5, 31, 37–8

guild, 6, 41–2, 87

royal, 17, 49–50

see also scribes; scriveners

codex books, 44, 52, 63, 73, 74, 76, 83

guilds’, 81–3

see also custumals

Coleman, Janet, 10

Colet, John, 20, 172

Colyns, John, 157, 164–5, 170

book of (Harley 2252), 22, 157, 158,

159–60, 164–5, 169


Commissary of London, 39

Common Clerk, 37, 38

Common Writers of the Court Letter, 47

commonality, 30–1

commonplace books, 19, 20, 22–3, 45, 139,

156–7, 158–9

‘Compilation of London customs’, 45

Composition Studies, 10

Constable, Giles, 135, 136

Cook, Sir Th omas, 101

Cook, Th omas Jr, 167

Copyright

Index 237

Corby, John, 82

Cordwainers, 70

Cornish, Th omas, 69

coroners, 51

Corporation of London Records Offi ce, 75

Corpus of Early English Correspondence, 115,

123

Cotton, Sir Robert, 111, 118

courier services, 25, 106

Court of Aldermen, 84

Court of Common Council, 84

Journals, 85

Court of Hustings, 3, 6, 32, 33, 63, 84, 98

court letters, writers of, 5, 7, 47

courtesy, 162

courts, 30–1, 47, 83, 109

records, 83

rolls, 52

Cox, Virginia, 128

Cranfi eld, Lionel, 140, 141

Croke, John, 150

Customs of London (Arnold’s Chronicle),

19, 33, 53, 63–4, 66, 80, 89, 90, 94,

139–40, 143, 155, 157, 162, 169


customs payment, 6, 33

custumals, 13, 20, 32, 33, 51, 52–4, 63, 65,

103

citizens’, 19, 20, 154–70

genre, 158–9

civic, 74–81

continental family, 155–6

London, 3, 13, 17, 33, 34, 45, 47, 77,

143, 162, 163

Cutlers, 93

Dalton, John, 110, 126, 142

Datini, Margherita, 143, 148

Datini group, 25, 106

Daubeny, John, 135–6

Davis, Norman, 108, 117, 121, 124, 130, 135

Davy, Elias, 100

Davy, John, 50

debentures, 47

debt transactions, 3, 34–6, 65, 69

Despenser, Elizabeth, 115

Devereux, John, 48, 114

di Bonandrea, Giovanni, 24

dictaminal letters, 17, 18, 48, 57–61, 106,

115, 118–30, 133, 138–42

ars dictaminis, 4, 17, 24, 58–9, 62, 115, 118

format, 120–30

dictaminal treatises, 99–100, 101, 115, 121,

149

dictating, 18, 22, 135

dictatores, 118

Dieppe, 95–6

Dodd, Gwilym, 54, 67, 68

Drapers, 65, 69, 82, 101

oath, 94

driver’s licence, 14–15

Dublin, 54

Dunthorne, William, 155

Dycon, Richard, 89

Dyer, Christopher, 10–11

economy, 11, 16, 23–6

education, 9, 24, 43, 47, 122, 132–4

see also literacy; teaching

Edward I, King, 30, 35, 76

Edward II, King, 85, 96

Edward III, King, 43, 53, 76, 85, 109

Edward IV, King, 20, 41

Edward the Confessor, 33, 118

Eisenstein, Elizabeth, 4, 9

Empson, Jane, 149

English language, 8, 20, 21–2, 42, 108–14, 115

see also vernacular writing

Erasmus, Desiderius, 172

Escheat Rolls, 95

exchange, letters of, 88–91

Exchequer, 4, 36, 49, 52, 109

Exeter, 13, 52, 53

Eyryck, Robert, 138

Faba, Guido, 59, 115

Fabyan, Robert, 163, 172

families, 144

letter collections, 44–5

Lisle, 140

writing, 18–19, 163, 167

see also Cely family; Paston family;

Stonor family

Farringdon, 4, 48, 50

Fastolf, Sir John, 137

Fishmongers’ Guild, Book, 45

Fitz Stephen, William, 78

Fitz Th edmar, Arnold, 3, 77, 78, 102, 155

Copyright


Fitzmaurice, Susan, 14

Foedera, 131, 132

Ford, 52

Formulare Anglicanum, 141

formularies, 59

fraternities, 39–40, 42, 64

see also guilds

Fraternity of Tailors, 42, 65, 85

freedom of the city see citizenship

French language, 6, 8, 12, 20, 22, 37, 38, 41,

45, 53, 56, 59, 60, 89, 91, 106, 108,

109, 110, 112, 113, 114

Frowick, Sir Th omas, 166, 167

Fry, Agnes, 146–7

Fry, Robert, 70, 115, 146

Fuller, John, 10

Fullers, 91

Furnivall, F. J., 98

Gawdy papers, 90, 140

Geary, Patrick, 33

General Eyre, 30

genre systems, 7–8, 11, 13–16, 19, 43, 141

genre theory, 141–2

genres, document, 8–9, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20,

23, 29, 56–103, 108, 155

collective, 17, 73–87

universal, 61–5

see also business letters; charters; chroni-

cles; custumals; dictaminal letters;

petitions; writs

German merchants, 25, 34

Giddens, Anthony, 15

Glendower, Owen, 111–12, 146

Glovers, 93

Gloys, James, 128, 135

Goldsmiths guild, 3, 39, 41, 42, 43, 48,

81–2, 133

court, 87

ordinances, 91, 92

Register of Deeds, 114

Goody, Jack, 9

Governance of England, 167

Graft on, Richard, 172

Great Depression, 23

Great Red Book of Bristol, 53

Gregory, William, 150, 162, 163

‘Gregory’s Chronicle’ (Egerton 1995), 12,

150, 157, 158, 159, 162–3


Grendler, Paul, 24

Gresham, James, 137Griffi th ap David ap Griffi th, 111–12Grocers’ Company, 8, 42, 48, 56, 64, 110

Book, 57, 83, 114Guildford, 51Guildhall, 3, 5–6, 32, 35, 36, 41, 85, 86, 105,

109guilds (misteries), 17

books, 6, 81–3, 143courts, 86–7culture, 171–3Merchant, 29ordinances, 3, 64–5, 80, 91–4, 114, 132petitions, 69–70records, 5, 8, 28, 29, 38, 39–44, 48, 54,

64–5, 86regulations, 6women, 144see also names of guilds

Guyon King of Arms, 2Gyn, John, 125

Hall, Edward, 172Hall, Hubert, 76, 122, 157Hanaper, 64Hanawalt, Barbara, 98, 144handbook, writing, 17handbooks, 99–100

see also treatisesHanham, Alison, 117Hanna, Ralph, 12, 37, 59, 77, 102, 171Hanse, the, 1, 34, 61Haskins, C. H., 59Havelock, Eric, 4Hawkwood, Sir John, 60, 115, 146Heed, John, 87Helsinki Group, 16Henry I, King, 33, 63, 86Henry II, King, 32Henry III, King, 30

proclamation, 96Henry IV, King, 47, 49

Privy Seal Letters, 70, 71Welsh wars, 110, 111

Henry V, King, 16, 18, 50, 55–6, 57, 90, 95, 97, 99, 111, 137, 147

royal missives, 18Signet Letters, 70, 71, 72, 112–13,

123–4, 131–2Henry VI, King, 41, 64, 69, 82, 100, 163

coronation, 162

royal missive, 71

Copyright

Index 239

Henry VIII, King, 170

Herlastone, William, 50

Heydon, John, 107

Heywood, John, 172

Hill, Richard, 12, 157, 163–4

book of (Balliol 354), 20, 45, 158,

159–60, 163–4, 170


Hill, Th omas, 168

Hiperon, John, 48

Historia Anglorum, 78–9

Hoccleve, Th omas, 12, 50, 55, 57, 59–60, 70

Holland, Ralph, 28, 85

Horn, Andrew, 17, 59, 76, 77–9, 155

Howell, Martha, 144

Hudson, Anne, 12, 112

Humanism, 59, 171–3

Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, 67, 69, 145,

171

Hungary, 34, 98

illiteratus, 9

India, 22

inns, 50

Inns of Court, 4, 48

Ipswich, 52, 53

Ironmongers, 64

Italy, 9, 19, 23–4, 25, 55, 62, 88, 106, 134,

143

books, 155–6

scribes, 46

Jauss, Hans Robert, 141

Jenkyns, Stephen, 66

Jews, 51, 60

John, King, 40, 63

journals, city, 8, 75, 109

Judicature Act, 67

jurisdictions, 15

Justice, Stephen, 97

justice system, 49

Kendal, 52

Ker, N. R., 78

Kermode, Jenny, 171

King’s Lynn, 74

Kingsford, C. L., 150, 153, 160

Kingsmill, William, 43, 47

Kirkby, Th omas, 98

Lambeth Palace, 5

language, 7, 8–9, 12, 14, 106

change, 21

sociolinguistics, 14, 15–16

and women, 149

see also English; French; Latin

Lansdowne manuscript, 157, 159–60, 165


Latin, 8, 9, 20, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 45, 53, 56,

66, 72, 100, 106, 108, 109, 110, 113,

114

charters, 61, 62

learning and teaching, 55, 59, 132, 134,

136

Latini, Brunetto, 59, 79

Lawney, John, 74

le Bokebyndere, Dionisia, 145

le Spicer, Stephen, 53

Leathersellers, 93

ledger books, 20, 24, 44–5, 73, 156, 164

Leges Henrici Primi, 33

Leicester guild rolls, 51, 54

Leigh family, 100

Lerer, Seth, 12

letter books, 3, 17, 27, 35, 38, 40, 67, 71, 72,

73, 75, 83, 84–5, 96

letters, 114

author, 135, 136, 148

bearer, 136–8, 147–8

bulletin, 115, 130–4

business, 58–61, 108

dictaminal, 17, 18, 48, 57–61, 106, 115,

118–30, 133, 138–42

of exchange, 88–91

family, 44–5

see also Cely family; Paston family;

Stonor family

model, 43, 139, 149

of payment, 15, 58

private, 107, 108, 134, 143

recipient, 138

royal missives, 18, 70–2, 108, 118–19,

120, 130

format, 23, 59, 123–4, 138–9

scribes, 135–6, 147

vernacular, 18, 19, 70, 106, 108, 110–13,

114–18, 119–34

women’s, 19, 143, 146–154

see also Paston, Margaret; Stonor,

Elizabeth

Letters Patent, 62, 64, 84

Copyright


letter-writing, 4–5, 58, 106–7

rhetoric, 59

skills, 60, 132

styles, 141

teaching, 24, 43, 59, 132–4

treatises, 99–100, 101, 115, 121, 149

ars dictaminis, 17, 24, 58–9, 62, 115,

118

Libelle of Englyshe Polyce, 1

Liber Albus, 32, 53, 56, 57, 63, 65, 75, 79, 80

Liber Custumarum, 45, 59, 63, 74

Liber de antiquis legibus, 77

Liber Dunthorne, 155

Liber Horn, 78, 155

Liber legum antiquorum regum, 78, 155

Liber Lynne, 74

Lindenbaum, Sheila, 4, 7, 29, 102

Lisle letters, 140

literacy, 3–4, 7, 9–10, 16, 21, 25, 43–4, 96,

156

literary texts, 7, 9, 12, 21, 58, 158, 160

poems, 160, 162, 163, 164, 166

Little Red Book, 53

livery companies, 40–1, 49

Lollards, 12, 56, 57, 97, 109, 112, 113, 172

London

charters, 30, 33, 63

citizenship, 6–7, 27, 30, 40, 86

clerical offi cers, 37–8

Common Council, 31

Customs of London, 19, 33, 53, 63–4,

66, 80, 89, 90, 94, 139–40, 143, 157,

160–1

custumals, 3, 13, 17, 33, 34, 45, 47, 77,

143, 162, 163

governance/city administration, 5, 7,

16–17, 26–7, 29–31, 73, 105, 155

middle classes, 11–13

population, 26–9

records, 16–17, 31–8

royal clerks, 17, 49–50

trade, 26–9

writing, 4–7

London Bridge, 38, 109–10, 163

London Pui, 39

Louis, Cameron, 159

Lovelich, Henry, 12

Lucca, 24

Lupset, Th omas, 172

Lydgate, John, 162, 165, 167

Lyell, Laetitia, 82, 138

Lynn, 49

Madox, Th omas, 90, 141

Magdalen College, 134, 136–7

Maghfi eld, Gilbert, 3, 44, 118

Magnusson, Lynn, 14

mainperm, 49, 50

Marchants Aviso, 65, 90

Margaret Cely, 45

Marshall, William, 118

Marshall papers, 118

Martin, Geoff rey, 52, 54

Maryon, William, 116, 127

Mathew, John, 60

mayors, 5, 6, 28–9, 30–1, 36, 40, 41, 56, 59

Mayour, Henry, 41, 42, 65, 82

McKitterick, Rosamund, 7

Meale, Carol, 169

Mercers’ Company, 2, 42, 48, 60, 64, 69, 83,

92–3, 100, 172

Merchant Adventurers, 1, 2, 4, 20, 41, 82

Merchant Taylors’ Guild, 39, 42, 48, 64, 65,

81, 87

minutes, 5

oaths, 94

merchants, 12, 17, 19–20, 27–8, 31, 35–7,

45, 49–50, 54, 56, 106, 169, 171–3

and business economy, 23–6

elite, 102

foreign, 34, 55, 61

Merchaunt, John, 56

Merke, Th omas, 56, 115

middle classes, 2–3, 10–13, 18, 19, 23, 56,

77, 105, 143

Miller, Th omas, 127–8

misteries see guilds; individual names

Mistery of Writers of the Court Letter, 5, 7

Mooney, Linne, 45

More, Th omas, 20, 172

Morelli, Giovanni Pagolo, 24, 25, 55, 143,

146, 156

Moss, Ann, 159

Mosse, Th omas, 126

Mostert, Marco, 15, 16

Mountjoy, Dame Rosa, 22, 109, 146

Murphy, Jerome J., 102

Nailer, Richard, 66

narratio, 128–9

Copyright

Index 241

National Archives, 18, 23, 47–8, 54, 67, 108,

117–18, 119, 137, 148

Nevalainen, Tertu, 122, 149

New Learning, 20, 171

Newbold, William, 82

Newman, Edmond, 124

Northampton, 52, 53

Northamptonshire, 74

Norton Anthology, 116, 163

notaries, 46

Oak Book of Southampton, Th e, 52, 79–80

oaths, 94

obligation, 139

O’Connor, Stephen, 73

Oldcastle, Sir John, 57, 112

O’Mara, V. M., 147

Ong, Walter, 4, 9

orality/oratory, 4, 9, 58, 59, 106

reading aloud, 7, 138

Original Letters Illustrative of English His-

tory, 111

Orme, Nicholas, 21, 98, 109, 132

Overy, William, 80

Oxford, 13, 29, 59, 121, 134

Magdalen College, 134, 136–7

Oxford, Countess of, 137

Page, John, 12

Paley Baildon, William, 67

papacy, 5, 59, 61

paper, 43, 44

parishes, 38, 39, 160, 161

Parker, David, Commonplace Book in Tudor

London, 157, 159, 162, 166

Parkes, M. B., 33, 56

parliament

petitions to, 54, 67–9, 70, 145

Rotuli Parliamentorum, 111

Paston, John, 130, 137

Paston, Margaret, 19, 105, 107, 116, 130,

134, 154

Paston, William, 125

Paston family, 3, 11, 18, 46, 107, 108, 116,

117, 123, 128, 130, 135, 136, 137, 138,

147, 148, 149, 150

Patent Rolls, 36, 49, 96

Peasants’ Revolt, 7, 97

Pelham, Joan, 115, 146

Pemberton, Hugh, 66

pesage, 43

Peter of Blois, 34

petitions, 6, 54, 66–70

guilds, 69–79

to parliament, 54, 67–9, 70, 145

women’s, 67, 69, 145–6

Petrucci, Armando, 46

Pewterers, 81

Peynton, Elizabeth, 6

Pinners, 82, 114

piracy, 1–2, 7, 20, 41, 96

plague, 24, 25, 28

see also Black Death

Plea and Memoranda Rolls, 36, 65, 86, 109

Plumpton, Sir William, 117

poems, 160, 162, 163, 164, 166, 169

Politics of Fift eenth-Century England, Th e,

100

Porchester, 96

Porland, Dionysia, 42

Porland, William, 8, 42, 87, 113–14, 143

Portener, Th omas, 2

postal systems, 5

courier services, 25, 106

Postan, M. M., 15, 23, 36, 87, 88–9, 91

Prerogative Court of Canterbury, 98

print, 4, 9, 22, 157

printing press, 4, 21, 142

Privy Seal, 22, 64, 70–1, 101

proclamations, 6, 96–7

property records, 95, 99, 100

wills, 37, 98–9

Prynne, William, 13

Pype, Th omas, 73

Ramsey, Nigel, 36–7

reading, 4, 6, 15, 21

aloud, 7, 9, 138

skills, 3, 96, 112, 124, 135, 158

teaching, 24

see also literacy

recognizances, 35–6, 96

records-maintenance, 5, 7, 28, 29, 31–8,

105–8

outside London, 51–4

Red Book of the Exchequer, 76

Red Register of King’s Lynn, Th e, 52, 98

registrum, 63

religious organizations, 39

religious texts, 5, 7

reportorium, 79

Copyright


rhetoric, 8–9, 12

dictaminal, 24, 56

ars dictaminis, 4, 17, 24, 58–9, 62, 115,

118

of obligation, 56

of stasis, 56, 79–80

see also genres, document

Ricart, Robert, 53, 76–7

Richard II, King, 30, 40, 50, 63, 80, 96

Richard, Duke of York, 135

Richard de Wyt, 36

Richardson, H. G., 58

Riche, Th omas, 150

ricordi, 9, 24, 25, 45, 156, 164

Rigby, S. H., 11

rights, city, 33

Robbins, Rossell Hope, 159, 160

Rolls Offi ce, 64

Romney, 52–3

Rosenthal, Joel, 147

Rouen, 72

Rough, Daniel, 53

Rouse, Richard and Mary, 33

royal clerks, 49–50

royal household, 49

royal missives, 18, 70–2, 108, 118–19, 120,

130

format, 23, 59, 123–4, 138–9

Rymer, Th omas, 60, 131

Saddlers Guild, 41

safe conduct, 6, 95–6

St Alban’s Chronicle, 145

salutatio, 24, 121, 122–3, 126, 139

Sampson, Th omas, 13, 47, 59, 60, 62, 71, 99

treatise, 101, 121, 133, 149

Sandwich, 52

Sarum Calendar, 81, 82

satires, 97

Scandinavia, 25, 34, 61

Scase, Wendy, 97

Schneider, Gary, 107, 136, 142

scribes, 5, 20, 22, 34, 38, 45–6, 135–6

guilds, 5, 41

scriveners, 6, 8, 17, 34, 36–7, 46–8, 66, 106

handbook for, 99–100

Scriveners’ guilds, 41, 46, 47, 93–4

secretaries, 46, 136

Shakespeare, William, 5, 27

sheriff s, 37, 63, 67, 71, 85

Shillingford, John, 117, 150, 154

Shirley, John, 12

Shklovsky, Viktor, 141

Shrewsbury, 51, 54

Signet Offi ce, 70–1, 72, 112–13, 119, 123,

131, 132

Skinner, Gregory, 157

‘Gregory’s Chronicle’ (Egerton 1995),

12, 150, 157, 158

Skinner, Quentin, 79

Skinners’ Company, 39, 163

slavery, 10

sociolinguistics, 14, 15–16

Southampton, 1–2, 6, 34, 67, 80

Oak Book of Southampton, Th e, 52, 79–80

Spencer, John, 126

Spuff ord, Peter, 25

Staple, 47, 52, 116, 153

at Calais, 90, 110, 116

Statute, 36

of Westminster, 67

Stationers’ Company, 42, 47

Statuta Anglie, 37, 45

Statute of Merchants, 3, 35

Statute of Pleading, 109

Statutes of Acton Burnell, 3, 35, 76

Stocker, Sir William, 150

Stoneleigh Abbey, 73

Stonor, Elizabeth, 18, 19, 117, 147, 148,

149–54, 163

Stonor, John de, 124

Stonor, Th omas, 151

Stonor, Sir William, 138, 150, 151, 152, 153

Stonor family, 18, 91, 102, 116, 117, 138,

150

Stopyndon, John, 64

Stowe, 8, 20, 166

manuscript collection (Harley 541),

166–7

Stowers, S. K., 114, 141

Strohm, Paul, 12

Sturgeon, Richard, 99, 168

Sudely, Lady Alice, 137

Sutton, Anne, 101, 166–7

Copyright

Index 243

Tagore, Rathindranath, 154

Tailors, Fraternity of, 42, 65, 85

Tallowchandlers, 64

tally sticks, 36, 99

Tamworth, John, 50

Tate, Robert, 60

teaching, 13, 24, 43, 50, 59, 62, 66, 100, 121,

132–4

Th rupp, Sylvia, 13, 28, 74

Tiptoft , Sir John, 131

Todorov, T., 141, 142

tolls, 33

Tomson, Samuel, 133

towns, 11, 25, 33

trade, 25, 26–9, 34, 106

the Hanse, 1, 34, 61

see also merchants

treatises, dictaminal, 99–100, 101, 115, 121,

149

Trevalyan papers, 117

Trowe, Joan, 145

Truelove, Alison, 150–1

Twyn, Edmond, 114

Tyler, Wat, 7

Unwin, G., 39, 144

Ursewyck, Th omas, 150

Usk, Th omas, 27

usury, 23

Utrecht Studies in Medieval Literacy, 16

Vale, John, 101, 167

book of, 100–1, 155, 167–8

vernacular writing, 3, 7, 8, 10, 16, 22, 24, 56,

57, 108, 114, 155

chronicles, 50

letters, 18, 19, 70, 106, 108, 110–13,

115–18, 119–34

and women, 144, 146

Verney papers, 154

Verschrift ung, 10, 14, 16, 43, 49

Vincent (student), 134

Vintners, 48, 114

Wakering, John, 98

Wallingford, 51

Walter, Hubert, 32, 51

Waltham, 71

Watt, Diane, 136, 147

Watton, Robert, 113

wax seals, 99

Weavers Guild, 6, 40, 91, 92, 93

oath, 55

Whitchurch, Edward, 172

Whittington, Richard, 29, 56

Whyman, Susan, 154

William the Conqueror, 30, 33, 63

William of Malmesbury, 77

wills, 37, 98–9

Winchester, 29, 53

women, 10, 11, 27, 43, 67, 80

letters, 19, 146–54

petitions, 69

writing, 143–6

see also Paston, Margaret; Stonor, Eliza-

beth

Woolf, Virginia, 138, 158

Wright, Laura, 105, 110

writers, professional, 45–50

see also attorneys; clerks; scribes; scrive-

ners

Writers of the Court Letter, 5, 7, 47

Writers of the Text Letter, 47

writing

charter-writing, 62

history of, 21

pragmatic, 15–16

skills, 1, 3, 8, 10, 13, 41, 43–4, 59, 95,

132

teaching, 13, 24, 43, 47, 133–4

technology, 5

using, 5, 10, 14

writs, 48, 49, 58, 59

Ydlaye, Alice, 147

Year Books, 49

York, 46, 98, 144, 146

Zouche, Lady, 115, 146, 147

index from middle-class writing in late medieval london

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