Independence Independence MovementsMovements

China: Civil WarChina: Civil War

Agenda 3/20/14Agenda 3/20/14

Warm-up and Review HomeworkWarm-up and Review Homework Quiz on World War IIQuiz on World War II Notes on China Civil WarNotes on China Civil War Venn DiagramVenn Diagram Homework- Reading Guide on Cold War Homework- Reading Guide on Cold War Syrian Civil War

Chinese Civil War (1927-1949)Chinese Civil War (1927-1949)

1912 – 1912 – NationalistsNationalists overthrew the Qing dynasty overthrew the Qing dynasty which had ruled which had ruled China China since 1644since 1644

1912 – 1912 – Sun Yixian Sun Yixian became the President of became the President of China (goals – end to foreign control, China (goals – end to foreign control, democracydemocracy, and economic security for all , and economic security for all Chinese) – ineffective leaderChinese) – ineffective leader

1913 – Yuan Shikai (a powerful general) 1913 – Yuan Shikai (a powerful general) became President of China – ruled as a became President of China – ruled as a military military dictatordictator (sparked (sparked revoltsrevolts throughout China – throughout China – period of instability)period of instability)

Chinese Civil War (1927-1949)Chinese Civil War (1927-1949)

May 4, 1919 May 4, 1919 (May Fourth Movement) – After (May Fourth Movement) – After hearing about the Versailles Treaty, many hearing about the Versailles Treaty, many students, workers, manufacturers, shopkeepers, students, workers, manufacturers, shopkeepers, and professionals protested Western and professionals protested Western influence/influence/democracydemocracy in China and opted for in China and opted for Lenin’s brand of Lenin’s brand of Soviet communismSoviet communism

While the Communist Party was forming, Sun While the Communist Party was forming, Sun Yixian and his Yixian and his Nationalist Party Nationalist Party set up a set up a government in government in South ChinaSouth China

1911 Revolution

Chinese Civil War (1927-1949)Chinese Civil War (1927-1949)

April 1927 – April 1927 – Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek and the and the Nationalists attacked the Nationalists attacked the CommunistsCommunists in in ShanghaiShanghai

1928 – Chiang Kai-shek became 1928 – Chiang Kai-shek became President of the President of the Nationalist Republic of Nationalist Republic of ChinaChina

1927-1949 – 1927-1949 – Civil War Civil War between between NationalistsNationalists and and Communists Communists

NationalistsNationalists

Leader - Leader - ChiangChiang Kai-shek Kai-shek Area Ruled - Area Ruled - Southern Southern ChinaChina Foreign Support - Foreign Support - United StatesUnited States Public Support - Public Support - Weak due to Weak due to inflationinflation

and failing economyand failing economy Military Organization - Military Organization - Ineffective, Ineffective,

corruptcorrupt leadership and poor leadership and poor moralemorale

CommunistsCommunists

Leader -Leader - Mao Mao ZedongZedong Area Ruled -Area Ruled - NorthernNorthern China China Foreign Support -Foreign Support - Soviet UnionSoviet Union Public Support -Public Support - Strong Strong due to due to

promised land reformpromised land reform Military Organization -Military Organization -

Experienced, motivated Experienced, motivated guerilla guerilla armyarmy

Two Chinas EmergeTwo Chinas Emerge

China had split into China had split into twotwo nations – Island of nations – Island of Taiwan (Taiwan (Nationalist ChinaNationalist China) and the ) and the People’s Republic of China People’s Republic of China (mainland (mainland China)China)

Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek – ruler of Nationalist – ruler of Nationalist ChinaChina

Mao Zedong Mao Zedong – ruler of People’s Republic – ruler of People’s Republic of China of China

Great Leap Forward (1958-Great Leap Forward (1958-1960)1960)

abandonabandon the Soviet model of economic the Soviet model of economic developmentdevelopment

people’s communespeople’s communes ••unrealistic output targetsunrealistic output targets industryindustry agricultural and human disasteragricultural and human disaster

Great Leap Forward

Cultural Revolution Cultural Revolution

Mao’s goal was to get rid of Mao’s goal was to get rid of privilege privilege ruling ruling class class

Mao issued reforms meant to Mao issued reforms meant to erase all erase all traces traces of of Western Western InfluenceInfluence

Cultural Revolution

Cultural Revolution Cultural Revolution

Mao’s Mao’s Little Red BookLittle Red Book, a collection of , a collection of teachings on communism, became a teachings on communism, became a popular symbol of the Cultural popular symbol of the Cultural RevolutionRevolution

The whole plan failed miserably in The whole plan failed miserably in advancing China socially or advancing China socially or economicallyeconomically

After Mao’s DeathAfter Mao’s Death

Xeng Xeng DiapongDiapong Took over after Took over after Mao’s DeathMao’s Death Reformed China’s economy to a Reformed China’s economy to a market market

economyeconomy Continued Continued communist control communist control of of

governmentgovernment