imt session 1 - information literacy april 2016

Information Management Toolbox – Welcome

Information Management Toolbox

KADK library

KADK Library – Kulturnat 2015 – Sandra Gonon – CC-BY-NC-SA


Course instructors

KADK library

Daniel GunnarssonLibrarian, [email protected]

Gitte Lunde JørgensenLibrarian, Danish

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

• Albert Algreen-Petersen• Angela D’Ascoli• Anupama Devi Garla• Bodil Bøjer• Imke Wies van Mil• Michael Hauris Lysemose


Course participants

KADK library

• Natalie Koerner• Nicholas Thomas Lee• Pelle Munch-Petersen• Svala Vagnsdatter Andersen• Tanja Thøgersen• Zhu Jie

Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy

Daniel Gunnarsson - introduction

KADK library

• KADK since 2009

• Architecture Library in Lund

• Research support team

• Arkitekturbilleder.dk

• Findbasen.dk

Lunds Domkyrka – Wikimedia Commons - Jorchr


Information Management Toolbox

KADK library

• First ph.d. course by the Library

• Lectures, discussions, hands-on

• Relate to your research

• Early on in your studies

• Evaluation & Development

Shannon and his famous electromechanical mouse Theseus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromechanical


Session 1 – Information Literacy - Agenda

KADK library

• Fundamental Information Literacy

• Search strategies

• Search methods & techniques

• Literature Review

• Source Criticism

Superkilen – Sanne Krogh- arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA


Session 1 – Information Literacy - Agenda

KADK library

09.30 – 09.40 Introducing the IMT course & agenda 09.40 – 10.20 Basics of Information Literacy and Information Retrieval10.20 – 10.30 Break10.40 – 11.20 Search strategies – search techniques – search tools11.20 – 11.30 Break11.30 – 12.00 Anne Beim – From Scholar to Researcher - special guest12.00 – 13.00 Lunch Break13.00 – 13.40 Literature Review & Source Criticism13.40 – 13.50 Break13.50 – 14.30 Group work & individual guidance


Library & Information Science - LIS

KADK library

• Statement of the core concern of LIS:

“Humans becoming informed (constructing meaning) via intermediation between inquirers and instrumented records. No other field has this as its concern.” (Konrad, 2007)

Sorte Diamant - Rimas Steponaitis arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA


Library & Information Science

KADK library

• The capacity to search, analyse, select, organise and present information

and in that process transforminformation to knowledge has a solid foundation in the international scientific discipline information science.(Åström 2008)

Biblioteket Rentemestervej – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA


Information Literacy - Definition

KADK library

• Information literacy is a set of abilities requiring individuals to

"recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information.“

http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/informationliteracycompetency#f1

Nørreport Station – Bo Bolther - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA

http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/informationliteracycompetency%23f1


An information literate individual is able to:

KADK library

• Determine the extent of information needed

• Access the needed information effectively and efficiently

• Evaluate information and its sources critically

Sædden Kirke – Rimas Stiponaitis - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SAhttp://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/informationliteracycompetency#f1



An information literate individual is able to:

KADK library

• Incorporate selected information into one’s knowledge base

• Use information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose

• Understand the economic, legal, and social issues surrounding the use of information, and access and use information ethically and legally

http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/informationliteracycompetency#f1 Sædden Kirke – Rimas Stiponaitis - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA


”…as while architects might perform some similar information behaviouras other types of professionals,

the research literature

highlight many unique aspects of architects’ information behaviorthat have not been found, or have been found to be less important in other disciplines.” (Makri s.1747)


Architects´& Designers Information Behaviour

KADK library

Tønder Vandtårn – Gitte Gylling H Olesen - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA

Cobbledick identified five areas of information that appear most commonsought by artists

• Inspiration• Specific visual image needs• Technichal knowledge (how-to

instruction)• Marketing and career guidance• Current trends and events



KADK library

”Research into the information-seekingbehaviour of artistic and creativelyminded library users

repeatedly shows a strong emphasis on visual and physical collection browsing,

along with a preference for visualinformation over textual formats.” (Gluibizzi & Glassman 2010)



KADK library



KADK library

• Quick & Dirty

• Conventional Subject Searching

• Reference List Checking

• Contact with experts

• Citation Searching


Search methods - overview

KADK library

Vestas Technology R&D – Henriette S Kristensen – arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa


Search Methods – Quick & Dirty

KADK library


Search Methods – Quick & Dirty

KADK library

http://www.internetlivestats.com/




Catalan Proverb recited by Robert Saviano, author of Gomorrah:

”Following a flood, the first thinglacking is water” Drinking water.

This is exactly what is happening with information.

We get lots of information but hardlyany that is ”drinkable”


Information Overload

KADK library

Vele by Franz Di Salvo – domusweb.ithttp://maclehosepress.com/tag/robert-saviano/

http://maclehosepress.com/tag/robert-saviano/


Conventional/Structured

Subject SearchingKADK library

Aka - Structured subject searching• Necessary when the objective is to

cover a subject thoroughly (Papaioannou et al., 2009)

• Equal parts of systematization and creativity (Zins, 2000)

• A reiterative process - never one fixed recipe – many trials to reach the goal


Search methods – Conventional Subject Searching

KADK library

Grundfos kollegiet – Mads Baj Engedal - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA

• Strategy developed by Chaim Zins• Created and adjusted after several

extensive studies

• Foundation is the 5 W’sWHAT, WHERE, WORDS, WORK, WOW

• 5 basic steps and 7 general guidelines when conducting a search


Success - a structured search strategy

KADK library

Almond Butterscotch – Williams Tower Houston Texas - CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

1. WHAT define the search assignment

2. WHERElocate resources

3. WORDSchoose search terms

4. WORKchoose appropriate search methodconduct the search

5. WOWevaluate and assess resultsif necessary repeat search by refining



KADK library

Handicaporganisationernes hus – Bo Bolther- arkitekturbillede.dk - CC BY-NC-SA

• Refinement

• Changing the WORDS, WHERE, WHAT

• WORK – search frequently, usesearch agents

• A repetitive process



KADK library

Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy KADK library

Define the search assignment

• Be creative• Brainstorm• Find as many relevant aspects as

possible of your topic/subject• Be systematic


Success - a structured search strategy - WHAT

KADK library

Atrium Teknikerbyen – Bo Bolther - arkitekturbilleder.dk –CC-BY-NC-SA

Start by identifying what you will need to know to inform your research:

• What research has already been done on this topic?

• What are the sub-areas of the topic you need to explore?



KADK library


• What other research (perhaps not directly on the topic) might be relevant to your investigation?

• How do these sub-topics and other research overlap with your investigation?



KADK library


• How many databases you shouldsearch depends on the subject

• Cross-disciplinary subjects, severalsources is necessary

• Content within a subject differs from one database to another


Success - a structured search strategy - WHERE

KADK library

http://worldwidescience.org/index.html

http://worldwidescience.org/index.html

Surface Web1. Google, Bing, Yandex, Baidu2. Wikipedia, blogs, newsDeep Web3. Databases 4. Academic JournalsDark Web5. Tor network, alternate search engines,


WHERE – Surface Web – Deep Web – Dark Web

KADK library

http://www.brightplanet.com/2014/03/clearing-confusion-deep-web-vs-dark-web/Planet, Bright. "The Deep Web: Surfacing Hidden Value." http (2000).http://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jep/3336451.0007.104?view=text;rgn=main

http://www.brightplanet.com/2014/03/clearing-confusion-deep-web-vs-dark-web/

http://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jep/3336451.0007.104?view=text;rgn=main

• the enormous Deep Web and the much smaller Dark Web are inaccessible to Surface Web crawlers such as Google.

• there is a distinct difference between the Deep Web and the Dark Web as these contain different types of information



KADK library



KADK library

• Deep Web about 7500 Terabytes • Surface Web about 19 terabytes

• Deep Web has between 400 and 550 times more public information than the Surface Web.

• 95% of the Deep Web is publically accessible

• More than 200,000 Deep Web sites currently exist.

http://www.slideshare.net/DamirDelijadamirdeli/2014-deep-web

http://www.slideshare.net/DamirDelijadamirdeli/2014-deep-web



KADK library

Surface Web – Visible Web4 % of www material2 billion documents

Deep Web – Invisible Web96% of www material550 billion documents



KADK library

Deep Web – Invisible Web

99% of scientific documents in databases in Deep web

Deep web is not accessible tosearch engines and robots


WHERE – Surface Web – Deep Web – Google Scholar

KADK library

A special case: Google Scholar is part of the public or visible web.

It contains citations to journal articles and other publications, with links to publishers or other sources where one can try to access the full text of the items.

Jstor, researchgate, science direct, pubmed, doaj and many more.

http://scholar.google.com/



KADK library

This is convenient, but results in Google Scholar are only a small fraction of all the scholarly publications that exist online.

Much more - including most of the full text - is available through article databases that are part of the invisible (deep) web.



KADK library

http://guides.library.illinois.edu/c.php?g=347352&p=2343099

http://guides.library.illinois.edu/c.php?g=347352&p=2343099


WHERE – Databases – focus - books

KADK library

Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge by Patrick Feller – Flickr - CC-BY-2.0

• Findbasen.dk - KADK library

• Rex.kb.dk – Royal library

• Bibliotek.dk – Danish libraries

• Worldcat.org – World library collection

• Ebrary – ebooks – cross disciplinary

https://kadk.dk/biblioteket/online-ressourcer-databaser



WHERE – Databases – Articles/Journals

KADK library

Blå bænke – Sandra Gonon – arkitekturbilleder.dk CC-BY-2.0

• Jstor – articles - cross disciplinary

• Science Direct – articles –natural science

• Avery/DAAI – index -architecture/design

• Statsbiblioteket Article service65 million articles – order to KADK




WHERE – Databases – Articles/Journals

KADK library

Stjernevejsprojketet – Sandra Gonon – Arkitekturbilleder.dk CC-BY-NC- SA

• Cumincad – Computer aidedarchitectural Design

• BERG – Fashion index

• Google Scholar – Scientific material

• DOAJ – Directory of Open Access Journals




WHERE – subject/material specific

KADK library

Hjerting Kirke – Mikkel Lux Larsen – arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA

• Infomedia – Danish newsarticles

• Material Connexion – MaterialVisit KEA material Library -

• Materia – Material

• VADS – Visual arts collection




WHERE – Scholarly publications – thesis/dissertations

KADK library

• Research.kadk.dk• Danish National research database

http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en

• Diva Portal – Swedish research• CRISTIN – Current Research

Information System In Norway

• Proquest Dissertation & Thesis –US research

https://kadk.dk/biblioteket/online-ressourcer-databaserDarwin Centre – Rasmus Boysen Feddersen– arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA

http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en

http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/aboutdiva.jsf?dswid=-1092&faces-redirect=true&language=en



Success - a structured search strategy - WHERE

KADK library

Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge by Patrick Feller – Flickr - CC-BY-2.0

Images, drawings and Illustrations Session 3

• Europeana• Flickr • Open buildings• Tineye• KBH Arkiv• Danish Arts Library• Digital museum – Sweden/Norway


Success - a structured search strategy - WORDS

KADK library

Aller Tryk – Bo Bolther – arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-SA

• Keywords• Subjects• Descriptors• Subject term• Index term• Subject headings (Thesaurus)• Tags• Search terms• Search words



KADK library

• An index term, subject term,subject heading, or descriptor, in information retrieval, is a term that captures the essence of the topic of a document.

• Index terms make up a controlled vocabulary for use in bibliographic records.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_term Aller Tryk – Bo Bolther – arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-SA

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_retrieval

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_vocabulary

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliographic_record

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_term



KADK library

• They are an integral part of bibliographic control, which is the function by which libraries and databases collect, organize and disseminate documents.

• They are used as keywords to retrieve documents in an information system, for instance, a catalog or a search engine.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_term Aller Tryk – Bo Bolther – arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-SA

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_term



KADK library

• Having defined the search topic and identified the key concepts - WHAT

• you need to produce a list of keywords that will be used as your search terms when you begin your search.

• Your keywords should consist of all possible words or phrases that might be used to describe your subject.

Cirkelbroen – Mikael Mundt - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-SA-NC


WORDS - keywords

KADK library

When choosing keywords, all possible words or phrases should be considered, including:• Synonyms (words that mean the same

thing) • Alternative terminology and spelling

(e.g. US & UK) • Related terms (broader or narrower). • Variations in word endings (e.g.

singular or plural)Cirkelbroen – Mikael Mundt - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-SA-NC


WORDS – keyword tools

KADK library

• Thesaurus in databases• Subject terms in databases• Keywords in databases• Visualthesaurus.com• Wordnik.org• Thesaurus.com• Ordbogen.com• Leo.com• Britannica

Vester Voldgade – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-SA



KADK library

• Findbasen.dk uses subjects

• Most are in danish

• Find material which uses the same subjects

• For example architecturaldrawing



KADK library

There are 60 other materials usingArchitectural drawing as subject

60 on teknisk tegning

227 on digital arkitektur

21 digital architecture


WORDS – Thesaurus Rex

KADK library

A person who uses a word program or internet thesaurus in order to make their papers or written works appear smarter

by replacing common words with larger or uncommon words.

“The phrontistery is a Thesaurus Rex's wet dream.”

http://phrontistery.info/http://da.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Thesaurus+Rex

Alex Ruiz - Thesaurus

http://phrontistery.info/

http://da.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Thesaurus+Rex


WORDS – Thesaurus - not a dinosaur

KADK library

• a book of words or of information about a particular field or set of concepts; especially : a book of words and their synonyms

• a list of subject headings or descriptors usually with a cross-reference system for use in the organization of a collection of documents for reference and retrieval

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thesaurus Alex Ruiz - Thesaurus

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thesaurus


WORDS – keyword tools – visualthesaurus.com

KADK library


WORDS – keyword tools – ordbogen.com

KADK library


WORDS – keyword tools – wordnik.com

KADK library


WORDS – keyword tools – thesaurus.com

KADK library


WORDS – keyword tools – leo.com

KADK library


WORDS – Dot the Dot - exercise

KADK library

Within your thesis/topic writedown 3 keywords

Give those 3 keywords to yourneighbour whom adds 2 new

Give it once again to yourneighbour and repeat

Use tools if necessaryVester Voldgade – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-SA


Success - a structured search strategy - WORK

KADK library

• Get an overview of differentdatabases and their content

• Know their features & structure

• Search vs advanced search

• Refinement functions

Godsbanen – Rasmus Maabjerg - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA


WORK – Search Techniques

KADK library

• Phrase search• Boolean operators• Truncation• Refinment

Use them to:• Improve relevance• Narrow search• Broaden search

Godsbanen – Rasmus Maabjerg - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA


WORK – search technique – Phrase search

KADK library

• To search for an exact phrase, you must enclose the words in quotation marks, i.e. “urban planning”.

• Phrase searching decreases the number of results you get and makes your results more relevant.

• This applies in many research databases

Portland Towers – Børge Nielsen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA


WORK –Phrase search – Avery Index

KADK library


WORK –Phrase search – Google Scholar

KADK library


WORK – Phrase Search – Google Scholar

KADK library


WORK –Phrase search – Worldcat.org

KADK library


WORK – Search technique - Boolean operators

KADK library

• Boolean operators (AND, OR and NOT) allow you to combine search terms in different combinations.

• Databases often show Boolean operators as buttons or drop-down menus that you can click to combine your search terms or results.

• Get to know how your databases make use of the Boolean operators


WORK –Boolean operators

KADK library

• Many databases uses AND as default and result will be the same

• Some databases can’t handle NOT as operator

• Some regard AND/OR/NOT as search terms returning many results

• Advanced search is often the key


WORK –Boolean operators – the foundation

KADK library

The Boolean Set operationCombine solidsbased on the set operations.

Commonly usedto compose 3D models.


WORK –Boolean operators – the foundation

KADK library


WORK –Boolean operators

KADK library


WORK – Boolean operators + phrase search

KADK library


WORK – Search technique – Truncation & wildcards

KADK library

• Truncation is useful for finding singular and plural forms of words and variant endings.

• Many databases use an asterisk * or? as their truncation symbol.

• I.e. typing therap* into a search box will find references containing any of these words:

therapy, therapies, therapist or therapists.

Mirror bridge – Rasmus B Feddersen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA



KADK library



KADK library

• A wildcard finds variant spellings of words.

• Many databases use a question mark ? or * as their wildcard symbol.

• Wildcards are useful for finding British and American spellings, for example,

behavio?r will find behaviour and also behavior.

Spejderhuset Hindemosen – Rolf Sjögreen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA



KADK library

Spejderhuset Hindemosen – Rolf Sjögreen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SAhttp://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/british-and-american-spelling

British USapologize or apologise apologizeorganize or organise organizerecognize or recognise recognize

British USanalyse analyzebreathalyse breathalyzeparalyse paralyze

http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/british-and-american-spelling


WORK – Database search limitators - refinement

KADK library

Plug N Play – Sandra Gonon - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA

The limitators and database interface will vary according to database, common feats:

• Year • Peer Reviewed/Scholarly• Publication/Document type • Subject/Topic• Author• Language • Controlled subject terms


WORK – Avery/DAAI – Narrow results by

KADK library



WORK – Statsbiblioteket Article service

KADK library


WORK – Bibliotek.dk – Refine your search

KADK library


WORK – worldcat.org – Refine your search

KADK library


WORK + WHERE – Recapitulation search functions

KADK library

• Most have advanced search

• Most have narrow/refine search options

• Most allow use of Boolean operators

• Basically all allow truncation & wildcards

• All have functions to optimize searches



Success - a structured search strategy - WOW

KADK library

Energitårnet – Bo Bolther - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA

• You have succcessfully found usefulmaterial and resources

• That material can be used for furthersearches

• The material can give you new keywords, insights and angles of yourresearch



KADK library


If results are not satisfactory, consider:

• Search terms - Consult the thesaurus/term finder

• Combination of blocks - Remove or add a block to expand or restrict the search

• Choice of database



KADK library


1. WHAT define the search assignment

2. WHERElocate resources

3. WORDSchoose search terms

4. WORKchoose appropriate search methodconduct the search

5. WOWevaluate and assess resultsif necessary repeat search by refining

• Quick & Dirty



• Contact with experts




KADK library



Reference List Checking and

Citation searchingKADK library


Reference list checking/ Citation chaining

KADK library

Havnevej – Andreas Trier Mørch - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa

“The data do suggest that in situations where researchers may have difficulty locating information,

checking through the reference lists may be an important way

to reduce the risk of missing relevant information.” (Horsley, 2011)


Reference list checking - Jstor

KADK library


Reference list checking – Science Direct

KADK library


Reference list checking – Publisher/Journal site

KADK library


Citation Searching/Cited reference search

KADK library

• Citation searching is useful if you already have a useful reference to a book or journal article on the subject you are researching.

• It allows you to search forward in the published literature, starting from your known reference, to locate new articles which cite your known reference in their bibliographies

Aktivitetshus – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa



KADK library

• citation searching is a useful alternative to other methods of subject searching, and can sometimes give better results.

• citation searching usually works best if your known reference is of high quality by leaders in the field, and limited to the subject you are researching.

• Also called Cited reference search



Citation Searching vs Reference list checking

KADK library

Reference list checking looks back.

Cited reference search looks back and forward on references & others which have cited the same work.

this image is produced by Thomson Reuters, who produced the first ever citation database Science Citation Index in 1961.


Citation searching is only available on a small number of databases:

• Web of Science• Scopus • Google Scholar

This image is produced by Thomson Reuters, who produced the first ever citation database Science Citation Index in 1961.



Citation Searching - Scopus

KADK library


Citation Searching – Google Scholar

KADK library


Citation Searching - recapitulation

KADK library

• Google Scholar is useful

• Verify & double check using Scopus & WOS – Royal Library

• Citation chaining and cited reference searching are great methods for finding additional research on your topic.



Citation pearl growing – Search method

KADK library

“Citation pearl growing is the process of using the characteristics of a relevant and authoritative article,

called a pearl, to search for other relevant and authoritative materials.” (Ramer, 2005)

The same method can be found in subject/keyword - pearl growing

Udsigtstårn i Nordhavnen – Bo Bolther arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa

• Quick & Dirty



• Contact with experts – session 2 & 4




KADK library



Serendipity – From Tea Shop to Tea Field

KADK library

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LU9f-oNlI8o

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LU9f-oNlI8o


Serendipity – Definition

KADK library

“In order to increase likelihood of serendipity, environments should be trigger-rich and highlight triggers.

“Trigger rich settings include those designed to deliver information or provide opportunities for bumping into information such as librariesand unfamiliar environments.” (McCay-Peet, Lori & Toms, 2011)


Source Criticismand verifying

your referencesKADK library


Source Criticism & verifying your references

KADK library

”…the Internet has made the need to critically evaluate information more important than ever before while also

shifting the burden of credibilityassessment and quality control from

professional gatekeepers ontoindividual information seekers” (Metzger 2007)

Retten på Frederiksberg – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa



KADK library

So much fake news, stories and articles circulating that there arepeople working solely on factchecking and investigating the stories:

• Snopes.com• Viralgranskaren.se• Factcheck.org• Truthorfiction.com

Stephen Hawk – I have a few things to talk to you about – Flickr - Cc-by-nc-2.0


Source Criticism & fact check – Snopes.com

KADK library

http://www.snopes.com/refugee-invaders-meme/

http://www.snopes.com/refugee-invaders-meme/



KADK library



KADK library

http://universitypost.dk/article/penkowa-dummies

Milena Penkowa is at the centre of eight cases:

Milena Penkowa is suspected of embezzlement, fraud, forgery of documents and falsely accusing her student assistant.

The University of Copenhagen suspects Penkowa of forgery and fraud in connection with laboratory tests with rats in 2002.

Suspicions of dishonesty in parts of Milena Penkowas research.

http://universitypost.dk/article/penkowa-dummies



KADK library

Source Criticism – Predatory Journals

KADK library

• Open Access (OA) 'predatory' journals are now part of the scholarly communication landscape.

• We strongly recommend that researchers always check the credibility of unfamiliar publishers and journals prior to submission.

https://scholarlyoa.com/publishers/

Den Arktiske Ring – Børge Nielsen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa




KADK library

• Bealls list is a list of questionable, scholarly open-access publishers.

• Scholars is recommended to read the available reviews, assessments and descriptions provided.

• Then make a decision if you want to submit articles, serve as editors or be on their editorial boards.





KADK library

Common characteristics of predatory publishers

• High manuscript acceptance rates or acceptance guarantees

• The publisher sends you an un-solicited invitation to submit an article for publication

• Minimal (or non -existent) peer review process


http://www.carl-abrc.ca/uploads/SCC/predatory_pubs_primer-e.pdf




KADK library

Common characteristics of predatory publishers

• Little attention paid to digital preservation

• Not necessarily indexed in electronic databases

• Journals may be short lived

• No archiving policy







KADK library

• How can you verify and look critically at the information and litterature you find?

• Are there any tools and measures to use to certify your sources?

• What is a credible, trustworthysource?




KADK library

A long history of research finds that credibility is a multifaceted concept with two primary dimensions:

expertise and trustworthiness.

Secondary factors affect credibility perceptions as well, including source attractiveness and dynamism, for example.(O’Keefe, 2002)




KADK library

It also is understood that the credibility of a source or message is a receiver-based judgment

which involves both objective judgments of information quality or accuracy

as well as subjective perceptions of the source’s trustworthiness, expertise, and attractiveness (Freeman & Spyridakis,2004).


Source Criticism – Checklist method

KADK library

• Who is behind the material?• What do you know about the

publisher?• What is the objective of the

website/page?• Does the originator have any

contact information?• When was the website/page last

updated?

http://www.sdu.dk/en/information_til/studerende_ved_sdu/vejledning/studieteknik/informationssoegning/kilde_kritik_internet


P-hus Glostrup Hospital – Bo Bolther - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa

http://www.sdu.dk/en/information_til/studerende_ved_sdu/vejledning/studieteknik/informationssoegning/kilde_kritik_internet

Source Criticism – Checklist method

KADK library

”Taken together, these studies speak to a need to think beyondthe checklist model to get people to critically evaluate the information they find online”(Metzger, s.2083, 2007)


Methods for evaluating information sources

KADK libraryInformation Management Toolbox – Information Literacy

http://pure.iva.dk/files/33176729/jis_1689_final.pdf




KADK library

“Good, scholarly reading is to be aware of different perspectives, and to situate oneself among them.”(Hjørland, 2012)

Three GOLD standards


Evaluating Information Sources – the Goal



To read a text is often not a simple process. It involves considering a text

• in relation to other texts• in relation to the methods used• and the social interest it serves and

counteracts, • and in relation to its public reception

as indicated by, for example, bibliometric measures.

Portland Towers – Børge Nielsen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa



Source Criticism & Author Credentials

KADK library

Study of Author credentials is considered by many one of threeGOLD standards in research assessment.

• Affiliation• Publications• Co-authors• History• Publisher


Source Criticism – Number of citations as a factor

KADK library

https://scholar.google.dk/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=2O7ilTkAAAAJ&citation_for_view=2O7ilTkAAAAJ:2osOgNQ5qMEC

https://scholar.google.dk/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=2O7ilTkAAAAJ&citation_for_view=2O7ilTkAAAAJ:2osOgNQ5qMEC


Source Criticism & Peer Review

KADK library

• Peer Review is usually regardedas a GOLD standard in academia.

• Peer review – 2 or more subject experts, on level or above the author, evaluate an information source.

• Many databases have peer review as a refinment option.


Source Criticism & Publisher reputation

KADK library

One of three GOLD standards in research assesment. Journals, monographs and Grey literature

1. Is the journal published by a publisher with a fine reputation?

2. Is the journal itself well respected?

3. What is the journal’s impact factor (JIF) – Scopus – Web of Science

Evaluating Information Sources – the Goal



All the methods are just steps on ourway in learning how to read, understand and criticize texts.

But as such they may represent valuableor indeeed necessary steps thatcounteract the use of narrow and one-sided approaches.

Portland Towers – Børge Nielsen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa




KADK library

(Lehrer quote in Ronson, 2016)


Structure of Information and

Literature ReviewKADK library

Information Overload – again

KADK library

• Now you have loads of relevant and useful information.

• How do you keep track of the information?

• How do you structure and makeuse of the information & literature?

• How do you keep being updatedwithin relevant and useful research fields?


Information Overload – Search history/search agents

KADK library

Create an account at the databases youuse most frequently and gain access to:

• Search history

• Set up search agents

• Save your favourites

• And other site specific functions





KADK library

Create an account is available at most databases, for example:

Avery/daai index

Bibliotek.dk

Worldcat.org

Findbasen.dk

Worldcat.org

& many others.





KADK library

Make it a habit to log on to the databases you use, to facilitate and assist your tracks, paths and history.

Sciencedirect.comJstorMaterialconneXionGoogle Scholar





KADK library

Basically every database you visit have the function and option of creating a personal account.

Berg Fashion LibraryCuminCADEbraryJstor




Information Overload – organizational tools

KADK library

• Wunderlist

• Any.do

• Errands to do list

• Remember the milk

• Dynalist

• Trello

• Google tasks & many more


http://appcrawlr.com/app/uberGrid/417807

http://appcrawlr.com/app/uberGrid/417807

Information Overload – Workflowy.com

KADK library

WorkFlowy is a zoomable document that provides unprecedented flexibility in organizing your ideas.

Organize your brain…


IMT – Citation and Reference Management

Session 3 – Citation & Reference Management - Agenda

KADK library

• Basics of Citation• Citation Styles• References & Inspiration• Reference management

• Reference management tools• Footnotes, endnotes, in-text• Cite while you write• Bibliography – works cited

Twister – Bo Bolther - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA

Literature Review


The literature review cycle - Image created by University of Sheffield

“A substantive, thorough, sophisticated literature review is a pre-condition for doing substantive, thorough, sophisticated research.” (Boote, 2005)

New discoveries don't materialise out of nowhere; they build upon the findings of previous experiments and investigations.

Literature Review - Article


Literature Review - Article


http://lemass.net/capstone/files/A%20Guide%20to%20Writing%20the%20Dissertation%20Literature%20Review.pdf

http://lemass.net/capstone/files/A%20Guide%20to%20Writing%20the%20Dissertation%20Literature%20Review.pdf

Literature Review – What is it?


A literature review is a select analysis of existing research which is relevant to your topic, showing how it relates to your investigation.

It explains and justifies how your investigation may help answer some of the questions or gaps in this area of research.

Bertel Thorvaldsens plads – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa

https://www.reading.ac.uk/internal/studyadvice/StudyResources/Essays/sta-startinglitreview.aspx


Literature Review – Why write it?


A literature review demonstrates to your reader that you are able to

• Understand and critically analysethe background research

• Select and source the information that is necessary to develop a context for your research

• Shows how your investigation relates to previous research




Literature Review – Why write it?


A literature review demonstrates to your reader that you are able to

• Reveals the contribution that your investigation makes to this field (fills a gap, or builds on existing research, for instance)

• Provides evidence that may help explain your findings later




Literature Review – How do I get started?


Start by identifying what you will need to know to inform your research:

• What research has already been done on this topic?

• What are the sub-areas of the topic you need to explore?




Literature Review – How do I get started?


• What other research might be relevant to your investigation?

• How do these sub-topics and other research overlap with your investigation?

It is important to do this before you start reading so that you don't waste time on unfocussed and irrelevant reading.



Group work & Individual Guidance

KADK library

Describe your research topic to yourneighbour and discuss how you couldmake use of the content and tools shownin session 1 to find more information.

Use the list of keywords created and makea couple of searches in databases that youhave used before and also databases thatyou have not used before.

Discuss the results with your neighbourNy Bellevue Strandbad – Sandra Gonon - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa


Thank you!

KADK library

https://kadk.dk/employee/daniel-gunnarsson

https://kadk.dk/employee/daniel-gunnarsson


References

KADK library

Zins, Chaim. "Success, a structured search strategy: rationale, principles, and implications." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 51, no. 13 (2000): 1232-1247.

imt session 1 - information literacy april 2016

Education