C4ISR PAC4ISR PA

IMPROVING C4ISR BETWEEN UK AND US FUTURE LAND FORCES (PAPER I-048)

David Chinn

Integration Authority, DE&S,

UK Ministry of Defence

6/25/2007 - 2

C4ISR PAC4ISR PA

Background - Land Battlespace Systems MOU & C4ISR Project Arrangement

• Land Battlespace Systems MOU Signed December 2004 by DEC (GM)• C4ISR Project Arrangement (PA) signed September 2005 by DEC (CC&II)

• C4ISR PA Objectives:

– To enhance C4ISR interoperability between US Joint Forces (Army, USMC, USAF, Navy) and UK Joint Forces operating at brigade level and below in the land environment consistent with the combined NCW/NEC vision of 2014 and beyond

– To facilitate early delivery of C4ISR interoperability capability improvements to current US Army and UK Joint Forces during the period 2008 to 2014

• C4ISR PA Approach:

– Phase 1 (2005-2007) to define the combined vision for C4ISR interoperability in 2014 and develop an implementation plan to realise it

– Phase 2 (2008-2014) to execute the plan and confirm delivery of the specified US/UK C4ISR interoperability capability improvements

6/25/2007 - 3

C4ISR PAC4ISR PA

UK Organizational Structure

• Overall governance & reporting structure

• Multiple DECs

• Integration across multiple IPTs

• Integration Authority SoS co-ordination across DECs & IPTs

DEC GMDEC GM

UAV Tiger TeamUAV Tiger Team

FundingDEC CCIIDEC CCII

MWC SROGen Applegate

CM(BM)

MWC SROGen Applegate

CM(BM)

CID Tiger TeamCID Tiger Team

JSTARS/ASTORTiger Team

JSTARS/ASTORTiger Team

2* US/UK IOC WGAVM Butler CM(IS)

US?

2* US/UK IOC WGCM(IS)

US?

1* LBS MOU SteeringCommittee

Brig Moore DEC GM

1* LBS MOU SteeringCommittee

3* US/UK IOCLt Gen Sir Fulton DCDS(EC)

ASD(C3I)/USD(AT&L)

3* US/UK IOCDCDS(EC)

ASD(C3I)/USD(AT&L)

SIAPTiger Team

SIAPTiger Team

UK GovernanceBrig Shadbolt

DEC CCII

UK Governance

DEC CCII

US ArmyGovernance Col (P)

Cole D/PM FCS

US ArmyGovernance Col (P)

Cole D/PM FCS

US/UK C4ISR PAProject Officer (UK)

Lt Col Ian McNeil

US/UK C4ISR PAProject Officer (UK)US/UK C4ISR PA

Project Officer (US)LTC John Zavarelli

US/UK C4ISR PAProject Officer (US)

Project Manager (UK)Bill McTaggart

Project Manager (UK)Integration Authority

Project Manager(US)

Ed Sarno

Project Manager(US)

FCS/FRES TigerTeam

FCS/FRES TigerTeamFALCON/WIN-T

Tiger TeamFALCON/WIN-T

Tiger TeamGCCS/JOCSTiger Team

GCCS/JOCSTiger Team

JTRS/BowmanTiger Team

JTRS/BowmanTiger TeamTCS Tiger

TeamTCS Tiger

Team

Integrated ProjectTeams FRESTFCS BATCISBATCIS TFCSFRESCSISCSIS DCCDCCFAWSSatcom DIIDII

4/3* CBM Management BoardVCDS

4/3* CBM Management BoardVCDS

2* CBM Executive GroupDGInfo

2* CBM Executive GroupDGInfo

DCBM J6 NEC & C2ISR 1* SGDCM J6

DCBM J6 NEC & C2ISR 1* SGDCM J6

NEC Governance

C4ISR PATiger TeamC4ISR PA

Tiger Team

US Organisation

UK Organisation

Joint US/UK

Funding

6/25/2007 - 4

C4ISR PAC4ISR PA

Future Combat Systems (FCS) System of Systems

� Manned Systems � Unmanned Air Vehicles

Class II Class III Class IV Class I

Armed Robotic VehicleARV RSTAARV Aslt

ARV-A (L)

Small (Manpackable)UGV

Command andControl Vehicle

Non-Line of Sight Cannon

Non-Line of Sight Mortar

FCS Recovery and Maintenance Vehicle

Medical Treatmentand Evacuation

Recon andSurveillance Vehicle

• Unattended Ground Sensors

� Unmanned Ground Vehicles

• Unattended Munitions

• NLOS LS• Intelligent

Munitions System

Infantry CarrierVehicle

MountedCombat System

MULE: (Countermine)

MULE: (Transport)

6/25/2007 - 5

C4ISR PAC4ISR PA

Customers’ Enduring Needs

• Joint, Interagency andMulti-National Capabilities

• Increased Strategic Responsiveness

• Dominant across Full Spectrum Operations

• Battle Command on the Move

• Ubiquitous, Distributed Network with Joint Fires

• Integrated Survivability

• 3-7 Days Self-sustainment

• Network Enabled, Embedded Training

Soldiers as the Centerpiece of the Formation

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 31 May 2005, FCS Case 05-106

6/25/2007 - 6

C4ISR PAC4ISR PA

UK-US Future Force C4ISR Concept Drivers

Current Environment• Generally Open Terrain• Linear Array of Forces• Nation State Actors/forces• ISR= Movement to contact• Long Theatre Build up a necessary evil• Local Actions have local consequences

Maneuver and Firepower dominate

Future Environment• Urban and Complex Terrain• Non-Linear battle field• Asymmetric and adaptive actors/forces• Sense= Engage• Strategic deployability and off the ramp operations a necessity• Local actions have strategic consequences

Information, Speed, and Precision DominateC4ISR

• C2=Hierarchical Voice and Digital• Most ISR assets at Strategic and national level

C4ISR• Horizontally and vertically integrated networks• Increase in tactical ISR assets= See First

X

Interoperability• Relegated to higher echelons• Mostly Voice and MS Office = air gap to national C2 systems• Ad Hoc and requires augmentation• Formal tactical solutions are Rigid and cumbersome=not used• Limitations force Mission and Geographical Deconfliction TTPs

X

X

Interoperability

C4ISR PA Vision= Integrated Force

XX

XX

...MSR

...

...

... II

6/25/2007 - 7

C4ISR PAC4ISR PA

Experimentation as part of SoS Systems Engineering Approach

• Supports all stages: – Pre-concept and concept definition activities – Investigation of interoperability options and migration strategies– Assessment activities with the investigation and evaluation of

candidate interoperability mechanisms– Demonstration and implementation with the incorporation of

evolving systems and interoperability solutions

• Means of accelerating and de-risking the acquisition cycle– Formally recognised in the US for some time as part of the US

overall acquisition cycle

• UK, experimentation is starting to be used to help inform requirements, solution options and approvals at major acquisition gates

6/25/2007 - 8

C4ISR PAC4ISR PA

SEELEX#5 Scope & FindingsScope:• Tactical level information exchanges - brigade and below interoperability• Investigation of a range of interoperability mechanisms at different echelon

levels• Investigation of key net-centric/net-enabled infrastructure enablers• Near real time exchange of blue and red situational awareness information

across architectures corresponding to current and future force structures • High fidelity models providing real time simulationsFindings:• Proved the value of lower level interoperability:

– Enhanced SA– Better decision support– Improved co-ordination and synchronisation– Improved tempo and tactical agility

• Will help de-risk further interoperability options and solution development• Helps define new interoperability requirements

6/25/2007 - 9

C4ISR PAC4ISR PA

Challenges

• Governance– The PA is novel and contentious and does not fit well within existing

frameworks for the governance of platform requirements.– Reality is that both UK and US equipment programmes are subject

to regular review and change.– Security (information assurance) is a challenge.

• Culture– Teams need significant time to get to know each other.– Ways of working for a relationship between a major programme of

record (FCS) and a more ad-hoc and much smaller group.– Involvement of British Embassy Washington very helpful.– US need to understand their how their own acquisition cycle

influences work with international partners – even Brits.

6/25/2007 - 10

C4ISR PAC4ISR PA

Conclusions

• This is a real-life example of engineering NEC and NCW: need to accommodate the differences in these similar but not identical concepts.

• A number of UK programmes need to interface with one very large US one – FCS.

• Phase 1 completes at end 2007 - now an agreed UK/US land concept, which again has been generated through a hybrid process that tries to satisfy both the UK and US concepts and doctrine communities.

• Draft capability implementation roadmap has been produced.

• The first of an ongoing series of bilateral experiments to test the assumptions upon which this is based has been completed.

• Dependence on overall coherence and political will on both sides of the Atlantic. The prize is a significant improvement in front line capability.

C4ISR PAC4ISR PA

Back-up Slides

6/25/2007 - 12

C4ISR PAC4ISR PA

Background – The Land Battlespace Systems MOU• Land Battlespace Systems MOU Signed in December 2004 by DEC

(GM)

• Aim to address specific issues that include:– Enhancement of interoperability– Risk mitigation based on sharing technology road maps & tools– Tactics, techniques, methods and procedures for LBS employment– Open and common architectures for LBS & LBS components– Identification of system modifications

• MOU established a framework for implementing a cooperative programme of work relating to LBS:– To improve understanding of US and UK national programmes– To leverage each nation’s industrial and technical expertise – To define and implement a joint programme of applied research, concept

development and technology demonstration

6/25/2007 - 13

C4ISR PAC4ISR PA

US/UK LBS C4ISR PA is one of a number of initiatives seeking to promote US/UK interoperability

TheaterTheaterUE/DIVUE/DIV

UA/BDEUA/BDE& below& below

USUS UKUK

OperationalOperational/Strategic/Strategic

LBS MOULBS MOUC4ISR PAC4ISR PA

STP-G

JTRS

GII

Bridging the GapBridging the Gap

GIG

MIPSTP-GTCAMNIS

TCA

SIAPCBFSA

MIPTCAMNIS

GCCS(A)/JC2GCCS(A)/JC2

CENTRIXS/MNIS/NCES

CENTRIXS/MNIS/NCES

DISN / TSAT-TCDISN / TSAT-TC

JC2JC2

NCESNCES

WIN-T / JTRSWIN-T / JTRS

FBCB2 / FCS BCFBCB2 / FCS BC

SOSCOESOSCOE

WIN-T / JTRSWIN-T / JTRS

JOCS/JC2SJOCS/JC2S

CENTRIXS/MNISGRIFFIN/DII/DII(FD)CENTRIXS/MNIS

GRIFFIN/DII/DII(FD)

DFTS / SkynetDFTS / Skynet

JOCS/ComBAT/JC2S/ARRC C2ISJOCS/ComBAT/

JC2S/ARRC C2IS

DBL II / BCOEDBL II / BCOE

Cormorant/SkynetFALCON /BowmanCormorant/SkynetFALCON /Bowman

ComBAT/ Platform BISA

ComBAT/ Platform BISA

DBL II / BCOEDBL II / BCOE

FALCON / BowmanFALCON / Bowman

CBFSA

6/25/2007 - 14

C4ISR PAC4ISR PA

C4ISR Experimentation Approach

Concepts & DoctrineBattle Labs

System of Systems Design- Capability Options

JEFX Series of Experiments

Incremental Delivery of Capabilities

SEELEX Series of Experiments

6/25/2007 - 15

C4ISR PAC4ISR PA

Joint Expeditionary Forces eXperiment 2006 (JEFX’06)

• Mix of Live and Virtual with real forces & systems (actual & surrogate systems) & simulated forces & systems

• Continuous Air Planning and Execution (CAPE) and Non Traditional ISR Information Services (NTISR-IS) approaches with Land forces as an integral part of Non-traditional ISR & targeting successfully investigated

• Effectiveness of initial FCS solution components & C4ISR architectures for the Spin Out 1 increment assessed

6/25/2007 - 16

C4ISR PAC4ISR PA

C4ISR PA Phase 1Two Years-Three major work streams

Concept StageConcept Stage Assessment StageAssessment StageGate1

Gate1

Gate2

Ga2te

01 Jun 2006

01 Jun 2006

01 Mar2006

01 Mar2006

01 Dec2005

01 Dec2005

01 Sep 2006

01 Sep 2006

01 Dec 2007

01 Dec 2007

01 Jun 2007

01 Jun 2007

01 Mar2007

01 Mar2007

01 Dec2006

01 Dec2006

12 Sep 2005

12 Sep 2005

01 Sep 2007

01 Sep 2007

Project Management

Project Management

Strategy Dev and PlanningStrategy Dev and Planning

Technical WorkstreamTechnical

Workstream

-Outline case for change-Build commitment in the leadership team Engage critical stakeholders

-Engage with key stakeholders-Design governance & reporting structure

-Outline case for change-Build commitment in the leadership team Engage critical stakeholders

-Engage with key stakeholders-Design governance & reporting structure

Interoperability Vision & Concept Development

Interoperability Vision & Concept Development

-Quantify the case for change -Coach leaders to enhance performance and commitment

-Engage key stakeholders, manage expectations

-Quantify the case for change -Coach leaders to enhance performance and commitment

-Engage key stakeholders, manage expectations

Refine concepts and products of the concept stageRefine concepts and products of the concept stage

JEFX 08 Planning JEFX 08 Planning

FinalCOAPLAN

FinalCOAPLAN

DraftCOAPlan

DraftCOAPlan

JEFX 06

SEELEX 5SEELEX 5 SEELEX 6SEELEX 6 SEELEX 7SEELEX 7 SEELEX 8SEELEX 8

Baseline Interop White PaperBaseline Interop White PaperW1W1 W2W2

W3W3

US/UK C4ISR Interoperability System of Systems Design US/UK C4ISR Interoperability System of Systems Design

SEELEX 5 Expt Design SEELEX 5 Expt Design

TIMTIM TIMTIM TIMTIM

6/25/2007 - 17

C4ISR PAC4ISR PA

C4ISR PA timescales in relation to the FCS Program Schedule C4ISR PA timescales in relation to the FCS Program Schedule

FY 2005

•SoSCOE Update•Network Update•Battle Command−WMI−Mission Planning−Sustainment

Tools

•SoSCOE Update•Battle Command−DCGS-A

•UGV Family

MS B Update

IPDR

SoSFR

FY 2006

FY 2

008

FY 20

09

FY 2007

FY 2010FY 2011

FY 2012

FY 2013

FY 2017

FY 2016

FY 20

15

FY 2014

IOC

FRP

MS C

DRR

FDTE

IOTE

LUT4

FOC

LUTMS C

NLOS-C(Inc 0)

ICDR

PDR

Class II

T-UGS

U-UGS

IMS

SUGV

UAV

UGS

IMS NLOS-LS

UGV

MGV

LUT

MS C

XEBCT

MS C

LUT

UA UnitSet

Fielding

MS C

LUT

CDR

NLOS-LS

Class I

MV

Prototypes

Class III

Class IV

Mule-TMule-C

ARV-A(L)

ARV-RARV-A

C2V

T-UGS

U-UGS

FRMVRSV

NLOS-M

MCSICV

SO1EntranceDecision

SO2EntranceDecision

SO3 EntranceDecision

SO4EntranceDecision

StandardsStandardsTransportTransportServicesServices

ApplicationsApplicationsSensorsSensors

IOT&EBLRIP

DP

IOT&E

BLRIP DP

IOT&E

BLRIP DP

IOT&E

BLRIP DP

NET

WO

RK

•SoSCOE•ICS•Battle Command−UGS/IMS

Control•UGS•IMS•NLOS-LS

•SoSCOE Update•Battle Command−Sensor Mgmt•Embedded Training•Communication Relay payload

LUT3

LUT2

ProductionLUT UA

FieldingStart

CurrentForce

CurrentForce

CurrentForce

CurrentForce

XEBCT

XEBCT

XEBCT

NLOS-C (Inc 1)

Exp 1.1

Exp 2

Exp 3

Exp 4

PAStarts

PAPhase 2Starts

PAPhase 2

Ends