importance of questioning and feedback technique in developing 3 cs
TRANSCRIPT
Students’ attitude
Difficulties
Students’ ability Teaching
practices
Developing students’ 3Cs
Teaching time
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“Students are not willing to speak in English. It is difficult to develop their communication skills.”
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Misconception:
• Reflection: questioning and feedback techniques can create an atmosphere where students feel secure enough to take risks.
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Creating a classroom culture open to dialogue
1. Attentive listening– Be patient– Don’t interrupt students while they are
responding to questions unless they are being disruptive
2. Reinforcement– Make positive statements– Use positive nonverbal communication
3. Encouragement– Encourage responses from volunteering and
non-volunteering students
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Creating a classroom culture open to dialogue
5. Rephrasing– Reword the question to make it
clearer– Provide some information to help
students come up with the answer– Break the question into more
manageable parts
4. Redirecting– Invite other students to give
additional information or comments– Allow a student to correct another
student’s incorrect statement
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“Students are not able to answer higher level questions. It is difficult to develop students’ critical thinking and creativity.”
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Misconception:
• Reflection: questioning and feedback techniques can aid critical thinking processes, and encourage creative and imaginative thought.
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Developing critical thinking and enhancing creativity
1. Wait time– After framing the question, pause while everybody
has a chance to think of an answer– Let students prepare or discuss higher level
questions2. Scaffolding– Scaffold learning with rich input (thoughts and
language) to prepare or activate students– Use recall questions first to be sure the students
have the knowledge. Then proceed to comprehension and analysis questions. Follow those up with evaluation/creative questions.
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Developing critical thinking and enhancing creativity
3. Prompt– Use follow up questions to help students
justify / clarify / analyze a statement or comment
– Make use of five senses questions to help students express their thoughts and feelings
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“Teaching means the direct transfer of knowledge.”
• relying on giving direct instructions• asking and responding to questions in
lesson is not relevant to language learning
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• Reflection: how students can really learn a language effectively – through contextualised learning and authentic communication
Misconception:
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Two different approaches to conducting lessons
Use of direct instructions
• teacher-centred approach
• less opportunity for students to practise the use of language for communication
• little chance for students to think actively
Use of questions and feedback in lessons • student-centred approach• providing students with a
real reason, interest and context to communicate
• retrieving and applying knowledge and language for purposeful interactions
• an example www.schoolofeducators.com
• negotiate meaning with students (as opposed to using direct instruction) to elicit ideas about the nature of a story to be read
Example:
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“Asking questions is merely to motivate students or rectify answers deviating from the suggested ones.”
•no awareness of the use of questions to develop students’ cognitive thinking skills
•need for extra time in lessons to ask questions (but teaching schedule is tight)
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• Reflection: the strategic use of questions to help develop students’ thinking skills
Misconception:
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Strategic, purposeful use of questions
• design questions on the basis of the learning inputs
• make use of various types of questions to facilitate the scaffolding of knowledge towards the teaching objectives targetted
• use open questions to give students opportunities to make inferences and draw logical conclusions
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“Students’ incorrect answers mean teachers’ failure to teach properly or effectively.”
• keeping use of questions to minimum • avoiding addressing questions to
students with limited language ability
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• Reflection: • an important source of information
for assessing learning and teaching• shouldn’t be avoided
Misconception:
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Informing teaching and learning
students’ responses• inform teachers effectively of ss’
learning difficulties and progress• should be handled accordingly: feedback
can be in the form of follow-up questions applying probing, refocussing, redirecting and rephrasing
• allow teachers the chance to revise or adjust their teaching
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“The teacher is the sole person responsible for evaluation and assessment. Students don’t need to learn how to evaluate or assess themselves.”
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Misconception:
•Reflection: need to develop students’ reflective skills - exercise judgment about the content and the processes of learning .
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Developing reflective skills1. Share learning goals– Discuss assessment
criteria and how the criteria can be met in practice
– Give students diagnostic and corrective feedback on how to achieve the learning goals and improve themselves
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Developing reflective skills
2. Promote self or peer assessment– Enable students to recognise progress in their
work, skills, knowledge and understanding– Encourage students to take responsibility for
their own learning by providing opportunities for them to describe the judgments they make in relation to their progress
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Students’ change
• Students participate actively in an interactive, student-centred learning environment.
• Students have developed their communication skills, creativity and critical thinking skills.
• Students have learnt how to reflect on their learning.
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Skills demonstrated in asking questions :
• Have I asked questions which are at an appropriate level for the materials being covered?
• Did the questions I asked serve the intended teaching objectives?
• Have I asked questions which required students to think at different intellectual levels?
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Skills demonstrated in phrasing questions and handling students’ responses:
• Have I allowed adequate, appropriate wait-time after posing questions in class?
• Have I reinforced students’ responses positively and effectively?
• Have I given students effective feedback which helps/guides them to reflect on their learning?
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Overall reflection:
• What specific problems have I encountered when asking questions or giving feedback during lessons?
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of my techniques for questioning and giving feedback?
• How can I improve my questioning and feedback techniques?
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