QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 1

Implementing AFDImplementing AFDat PBS member station WSIUat PBS member station WSIU

Terry HarveyTerry HarveyWSIU/ Southern Illinois University, WSIU/ Southern Illinois University,

Carbondale Illinois Carbondale Illinois

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 2

AFD – What is it?AFD – What is it? AFD is Active Format Description: defines AFD is Active Format Description: defines

aspect ratio.aspect ratio. AFD is used to define how the video originating AFD is used to define how the video originating

in one aspect ratio may be “optimally” displayed in one aspect ratio may be “optimally” displayed on a display of a different aspect ratio.on a display of a different aspect ratio.

AFD metadata is carried in baseband video and AFD metadata is carried in baseband video and in an MPEG2 transport stream.in an MPEG2 transport stream.

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 3

AFD broadcast from AFD broadcast from WSIUWSIU All HD programs and interstitials have AFD

added. AFD no benefit to consumer DTV receivers:

Older DTV receivers do not use AFDNewer DTV receivers are 16:9 and HD AFD not

required! Cable and DTH Satellite benefit from AFD:

head end IRD correctly formats for 4:3.

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 4

Complete list of AFD codesComplete list of AFD codesValues from ETSI TS 101 154 V1.7.1 Annex B, ATSC A/53 Part 4 and SMPTE

2016-1-20070 ESTI: reserved; ATSC: undefined

1 reserved

2 ETSI: 16:9 active picture (top aligned); ATSC: "not recommended"

3 ETSI: 14:9 active picture (top aligned); ATSC: "not recommended"

4ETSI: box > 16:9 (center): wider than 16:9 active picture. The aspect ratio of the source area is not given, and the size of the

top/bottom bars is not indicated.ATSC: bar data (indicating the extent of top, bottom, left, and right bars) should be transmitted when using this code.

5–7 reserved

8 Full Frame image, same as the frame (4:3 or 16:9).

9 4:3 Image: Full Frame in 4:3 frame, Pillarbox in 16:9 frame.

10 16:9 Image: Letterbox in 4:3 frame, Full Frame in 16:9 frame.

11 14:9 Pillarbox/Letterbox image.

12 unused

134:3 with shoot and protect 14:9 centre. The term "shoot and protect" is not explained in the standard, but means that the areas

above and below the central 14:9 region of the 4:3 active picture can be trimmed without losing important detail.

1416:9 with shoot and protect 14:9 centre. Here, the areas to the right and left of the central 14:9 region of the 16:9 active picture

can be trimmed without losing important detail.

1516:9 with shoot and protect 4:3 centre. Here, the areas to the right and left of the central 4:3 region of the 16:9 active picture

can be trimmed without losing important detail.

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 5

List of AFD codes that benefits usList of AFD codes that benefits usValues from ETSI TS 101 154 V1.7.1 Annex B, ATSC A/53 Part 4 and SMPTE

2016-1-2007

8 - Full Frame image, same as the frame (4:3 or 16:9).

9 - 4:3 Image: Full Frame in 4:3 frame, Pillarbox in 16:9 frame.

10 -16:9 Image: Letterbox in 4:3 frame, Full Frame in 16:9 frame.

15 -16:9 with shoot and protect 4:3 centre. Here, the areas to the right and left of the central 4:3 region of the 16:9 active picture

can be trimmed without losing important detail.

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 6

List of AFD codes that we need only List of AFD codes that we need only use.use.

Values from ETSI TS 101 154 V1.7.1 Annex B, ATSC A/53 Part 4 and SMPTE 2016-1-2007

8 (1000)

Full Frame image, same as the frame (4:3 or 16:9).

9 (1001)

4:3 Image: Full Frame in 4:3 frame, Pillarbox in 16:9 frame.

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 7

Without Broadcast AFDWithout Broadcast AFDHD Broadcast Cable TV

Forced Letterbox

ForcedCenter Cut

AFD absent

AFD absent

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 8

With With Broadcast AFDBroadcast AFDHD Broadcast Cable TV

AFD ControlledCenter Cut

AFD ControlledLetterbox

AFD 1000

AFD 1001

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 9

How is the AFD How is the AFD conveyed?conveyed? AFD will be carried in HD and SD baseband Serial

Digital Video Interface in the VANC as per SMPTE-334M. (HD-SDI VANC line 11).

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 10

How is the AFD How is the AFD conveyed?conveyed? In ATSC over-the-air transmission, the AFD is

carried in the picture user data bits in MPEG2 Transport Stream.

Transport Stream Packet Transport Stream Packet Transport Stream PacketTransport Stream Packet Transport Stream Packet

Header Video Payload

Adaptation Field

Picture User Data Bits

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 11

AFD: Practical AFD: Practical ImplementationImplementation Must ensure a correct AFD code is applied to all

program elements in HD broadcast: eg. HD and upconverted SD content.

HD and SD AFD is supported but PBS does not yet forward SD-AFD.

Member station must therefore generate AFD for SD and all local content.

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Prerequisites for AFD- Prerequisites for AFD- IRDsIRDs IRDs (Satellite Receivers): Older IRDs (BitLinks)

do not employ AFD decoding (eg extraction of AFD from transport stream and placement in HD-SDI VANC).

Sencore MRD3187 IRDs do employ AFD (Note earlier MRD3187B’s need upgrading).

ASI interface on Bitlink will convey AFD.

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 13

Prerequisites for AFD - Prerequisites for AFD - ServersServers Most servers now record and playback HD and

SD AFD. AFD extracted from baseband input VANC stored

with caption data in auxiliary referenced file. AFD extracted from transport stream when

recorded via ASI must be stored and made available for baseband VANC playback.

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 14

Prerequisites for AFD - Prerequisites for AFD - EncodersEncoders AFD carried in HD-SDI VANC must pass through

the master control switcher and applied to the MPEG2 Emission Encoder.

Encoder must be capable of extracting AFD from HD-SDI VANC and placing AFD in MPEG2 transport picture user data bits.

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 15

Example AFD Example AFD ImplementationImplementationIRD - HD

IRD - SD UpconverterIncludes AFD

Video Server

Master Control

Switcher

HD EmissionEncoder

Automation GPI Control of Preset AFD codes

and aspect ratio

UniversalConverter

Includes AFD

HD Source

SD Source

Vid

eo R

oute

r

AFD on HD-SDI

AFD on HD-SDI HD-SDI

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 16

Another ExampleAnother Example

Master Control

Switcher

HD EmissionEncoder

Automation GPI Control of Preset AFD codes and aspect ratio

UniversalConverter

Includes AFD

HD Source

SD Source

Vid

eo R

oute

r

No AFD on HD-SDI

AFDInsertion Card

HD-SDI

HD-SDI with AFD

Video Server

IRD - HD

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 17

To Ensure the Highest To Ensure the Highest QualityQuality Minimize unnecessary codec cycles. Minimize unnecessary video rescaling eg. 480i to

1080i then to 720p for emission. Record Full Frame 16:9 and 4:3, no local pillarbox

or letterbox. All locally produced programming in HD and SD is

now 16:9 format. SD to HD Upconvertor controlled by automation to

correct format and add AFD.

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 18

WSIU - HD WSIU - HD AFDAFD Satellite receiver provides HD AFD from PBS. Server records and playbacks HD AFD. File based HD local production has HD AFD added at

Transcode/ Transwrap when transferred to Omneon server.

Three HD AFD format codes:16:9 FF AFD codes 1000 16:9 FF center cut safe AFD code 1111 (from PBS)16:9, 4:3 Pillarbox AFD code 1001

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 19

WSIU - WSIU - SD SD AFDAFD All SD recorded and archived as native SD. Local SD file base production has no AFD. SD playback upconvert to air where AFD is added. SD four formats:

16:9 Full Frame AFD code 100016:9, 4:3 Pillarbox AFD code 10014:3, Full Frame AFD code 10014:3, 16:9 Letterbox AFD code 1000

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 20

WSIU 720p Master Control with WSIU 720p Master Control with AFDAFD

OmneonMIP-4010

OmneonMIP-4010

OmneonMIP-4010

OmneonMIP-4010

OmneonMIP-4010

OmneonMIP-4010

SencoreIRD

SencoreIRD

SencoreIRD

SencoreIRD

SencoreIRD

SencoreIRD

Omneon Spectrum

VideoServer

OmneonMIP-5321

OmneonMIP-5321A

SI R

OU

TE

R

ASI Record Portsfor SD and HD

Evertz 7812 CC

Evertz 7812 UDX

NVerzionAutomation

GPI for Aspect Ratio and AFD

ProTrack

720p

Mas

ter

Con

trol

Sw

itche

r

VDCP

VDCP

1080i

480i

720p

720p

OmneonMIP-5321

VDCP

720p

720p

Ku22 HD01 HD02

Ku23a HD04

Ku23b SD05

Ku23c SD06

Ku23d SD07

Ku24HD03 SD01

FCP files from Post Production TranscodeAdds AFD

To HDAMC21 IRDs

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 21

ProTrack Database Record for SD 16:9

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 22

ProTrack facilitatesidentification of aspect ratio.

ProTrack Database Record for SD 16:9

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 23

ProTrack also differentiates between video formats1080i , 720p and 480i:Each can be 16:9.

ProTrack Database Record for SD 16:9

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WSIU Playlist

SVR1A – HD PlaybackSVR1B – SD Playback

Formats for SVR1B (SD)NS = 4:3 Full FrameLB = 4:3,16:9 LetterboxWS=16:9 Full FramePB =16:9,4:3 Pillarbox

AFD for SVR1A (HD)-from HD File

AFD for SVR1B (SD)NS = 9 (1001)LB = 8 (1000)WS = 8 (1000)PB = 9 (1001)

QG NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 25

AFD – It Does Work! PBS began applying AFD to HD programs April 2009. WSIU began broadcasting AFD in July 2009. All WSIU programming and individual WSIU interstitials

have AFD applied. Broadcast SD Distributors using WSIU AFD:

DirecTV and Dish Network July 2009Charter Communications September 2009MediaCom July 2010