Imperialism

Imperialism

What do you see?

What do you think it means?

Foreign PolicyHow US treats other countriesDecided by President and CongressFor approx. first 150 years of US, we mostly focused on North American expansion and dealing with Native AmericansAfter 1890, US begins to concentrate on rest of the worldUS Foreign Policy priorities a.k.a. National InterestsSecure country against attackProtect US investmentsPromote democracy and American way of lifeSpanish-American War (1898)Cause #1-US had raised taxes on foreign sugar, messing up the Cuban economy, leading to high unemployment.-Jose Marti sails home from America and leads Cubans in declaring independence in 1895.-Spain sends their army to crush the rebellion but they treat the Cuban civilians very harshly. *entire villages were forced into concentration camps and many died of disease and starvation.

Spanish-American War (1898)Cause #2Yellow Journalism in American newspapers-Joseph Pulitzers New York World-William Randolph Hearsts New York Journal-These newspapers were willing to manipulate the facts the sell more papers.-They showed the Spanish soldiers as murderous brutes.Examples of Yellow Journalism

Spanish-American War (1898)Cause #3De Lome letter published Spanish Ambassador called President McKinley weak-Nobody likes to be called weak. President McKinley was nervous about going to war since he was the last US President to have fought in the Civil War.Spanish-American War (1898)Cause #4U.S.S. Maine explodes in Havana harbor- February 15, 1898- A battle ship was sent to protect US interests- It blew up! 258 US Sailors killed, more injured- Newspapers blamed Spain so - Americans blamed Spain and the President asked Congress to declare war

U.S.S. MAINE was sent to Cuba to protect American interestsBEFORE:

AFTER:

Who did it?

Spanish-American WarThe fighting:Lasted about four monthsBattles in both Caribbean Sea and Pacific OceanUS fleet defeated Spanish fleet in Manila Bay in the PhilippinesTheodore Roosevelt recruited Rough Riders to join US forces in CubaThey helped win the Battle of San Juan HillUS captured Guam and Puerto RicoSpanish-American WarResults:Spain lost its colonial empireUS becomes a major world power, displaying the strength of its NavyUS occupied Cuba, the Philippines, Guam and Puerto RicoCauses a debate in US between Imperialists and Anti-Imperialists Big turning point in US HistoryImperialist ArgumentsUS should annex (add) these islands as new American coloniesThis would provide raw materials and markets to US industriesUS would become more prestigious in worldUS could compete with other world powers, who also already had coloniesUS could spread Christian ideals and Anglo-Saxon way of life to the less fortunate native savagesAlfred Thayer MahanNoteworthy ImperialistPresident of Naval War CollegeWrote a book The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1890)He studied world history and determined that national greatness was based on strength of a nations NAVYHe wanted US to have a large navy, a large merchant fleet, and colonies overseas to serve as refueling stations and places to trade

Mahans Plan for US EmpireSeize control of Pacific trade routesConstruct a canal through Central AmericaDominate the Caribbean Sea*Roosevelt thinks these are good ideas.

If the US can do this, they can control sea trade from the Caribbean Sea all the way across the Pacific to Japan and China! Anti-Imperialist ArgumentsUS should NOT acquire these islands as territoriesRuling over other countries is against the spirit of democracyIt would violate the American tradition of self-governmentUS would become the bad guysFormed American Anti-Imperialist League in 1898Included people like Mark Twain and Andrew CarnegieSo who won the debate?In the end, the IMPERIALIST ideas wonOne US Senator and Anti-Imperialist League Member worried about the danger that we are to be transformed from a Republic, founded on a Declaration of Independence, into a vulgar, common EMPIRE, founded on force. TODAY: http://www.ispot.tv/ad/7kY8/us-navy-100-watch

Effects of Spanish-American WarIn the end, the IMPERIALIST ideas wonUS acquired the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam as coloniesPhilippines fought against US forces until 1902Puerto Rico establishes US sponsored Government in 1900Guam becomes a strategically important US territory and naval base still is todayCuba became an independent protectorate, forced to let US intervene whenever it wanted due to a law called the Platt Amendment (Cuba Independence happens in 1959)US military bases were built on all four GITMO on Cuba today

Imperialism: PACIFIC OCEANUS also annexed Samoa and Midway, two islands in the Pacific, and other islands In Hawaii in 1893, American sugar and pineapple plantation owners overthrew the Queen Liliuokalani after she tried to regain more control on the islandSandford B. Dole became Hawaiis new president and later its first governor. His cousin started the famous fruit company. The beginning of American Empire

Imperialism: CHINAJohn Hay, US Sec. of State, announces the OPEN DOOR POLICY in 1899European powers had been in China since 1850sThey carved up China and took over different sections spheres of influenceUS was worried they would be cut out of China if the European countries split China into piecesThe Open Door Policy gave equal trading rights to all foreign nations in China; China was not consultedChina was Open for foreign powers to do business as they saw fit

Boxer RebellionIn 1900, the Chinese people revolted against the foreign powersAn international army, including US forces, crushed the rebellionEuropean countries wanted to break China into pieces but the US was against thatEuropean countries made China pay for the damage caused by the rebellionOpen Door Policy stayed in place

Boxer Rebellion

Imperialism: JAPANUS became the first power to establish trade with Japan, beginning in 1853 by Commodore Matthew Perry.Soon after, Japan industrialized and modernized and became a leading military power in Asia, defeating China in 1894 and Russia in 1905 in two different warsRoosevelt brokers peace between Japan and Russia with the Treaty of Portsmouth in 1905.Roosevelt wins Nobel Peace Prize

Imperialism: PANAMA CANALDuring Spanish-American War, US realized the need for a quicker way to move war ships from Pacific to Atlantic OceanTheodore Roosevelt tried to negotiate a deal with Columbia to build a canal through Panama but Columbia refusedRoosevelt then helped support a rebellion in Panama against Columbia, making Panama a new countryIn exchange, Panama, now a new country, gave the US a strip of land on which would be called the Panama Canal Zone.PANAMA CANAL

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-vi19z4LEi0

Imperialism: Panama CanalA very difficult project, one of the largest in human history51 miles longBuilt between 1903 1914Thousands of people died building itCost: $400 MillionGood for global trade, good for US navyCut trip from Atlantic to PacificBefore the Canal 16,000 miles, 68 days, around the tip of South AmericaAfter the Canal 6,500 miles, 20 days, through Central AmericaThe Big Stick Foreign PolicyTheodore Roosevelts Foreign Policy plan. Walk softly but carry a big stick.He said US would act as an international police power as it needed.Caribbean effectively became an American Lake.This policy was used to justify US interventions in Haiti, Nicaragua, Honduras, and the Dominican Republic, causing deep resentment in Latin America. They call it Yanqui Imperialism

$$$ Dollar Diplomacy $$$President Tafts foreign policy plan to encourage US bankers to invest in Caribbean countries.If the Latin American country could not pay back its debts, the US would send in troops to make sure they would be repaid. This happened in Nicaragua.This might mean taking over another countrys railroads, taxing duties or even their bank. Watchful WaitingPresident Wilsons plan on how to deal with Mexico.After Mexican Revolution, Wilson refused to recognize the new Mexican government.After Pancho Villa murdered Americans in New Mexico and retreated back across the border, Wilson sent the army to invade Mexico. However, they never captured Pancho Villa and Wilson brought the troops back home.

Imperialism Questions for Review:

The Spanish-American War (1898) marked a turning point in American foreign policy because the US a.) Developed a plan for peaceful coexistenceb.) Emerged as a new world powerc.) Pledged neutrality in future European conflictsd.) Refused to become a colonial power

Imperialism Questions for Review:

What was the primary reason for the establishment of the Open Door Policy?a.) to protect US trade in Chinab.) to gain control of the Panama Canal Zonec.) to encourage Chinese immigration to the USd.) to improve relations with ChinaImperialism Questions for Review:

As a result of the Spanish-American War, the US saw the need to build the Panama Canal because a.) new colonies had been acquired in Africab.) Spanish opposition to the canal has endedc.) the US navy could then move more quickly between oceansd.) US railroads could not transport enough manufactured goods.Imperialism Questions for Review:

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the US became involved in Latin America primarily to a.) raise Latin American living standardsb.) protect it economic interestsc.) protect existing coloniesd.) stop the flow of illegal drugsImperialism Questions for Review:

Which geographic factor played a role in the construction of the Panama Canal?a.) Workers faced attacks by Panamanian nationalists.b.) Heavy rains and mountainous terrain led to frequent mud slides.c.) Cutting through the bedrock had to be done without heavy machinery.d.) Similar elevations of the Atlantic and Pacific allowed for swift construction.Imperialism Questions for Review:

Which policy sought to further American interests in Latin America by using the financial power of American businesses?a.) Policy of Watchful Waitingb.) Big Stick Policyc.) balance of powerd.) Dollar DiplomacyImperialism Questions for Review:

President Theodore Roosevelts Big Stick Policy was closely associated with a.) friendly relations with China after the Boxer Rebellionb.) the conservation of natural resourcesc.) court actions to oppose business monopolies.d.) intervention in the affairs of Latin American nationsnull178791.67null178791.67null178791.67null178791.67null178791.67null178791.67null178791.67null178791.67