Imperial China CollapsesCh. 14.3

After the fall of the Qing dynasty, nationalist and Communist movements struggle for power.Opium Wars https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqjb2Y-k47o

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgqbInNM-8k&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PL5DD23132A053F095

The Qing Dynastylast ruling dynasty of China from 1644 to

1912 Chinese Dynasties date back 4,000

yearsThe following is a list of Chinese

Dynasties:• Xia Dynasty About 1994 BCE - 1766 BCE • Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE - 1027 BCE • Zhou Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE plus suppliment • Qin Dynasty 221 BCE - 206 BCE • Early Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 9 AD • Xin Dynasty 9 AD - 24 AD • Later Han Dynasty 25 AD - 220 AD • Three Kingdoms - Period of Disunion 220 AD - 280

AD

• Sui Dynasty 589 AD - 618 AD • Tang Dynasty 618 AD - 907 AD • Sung Dynasty 969 AD - 1279 AD • Yuan Dyansty 1279 AD - 1368 AD • Ming Dynasty 1368 AD - 1644 AD • Manchu or Qing Dynasty 1644 AD - 1912 AD •

Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty

A New PowerIn the early 1900s (20th century),

many Chinese wanted change in China.

- They resented foreign nations control of China (Imperialists)

- Many Chinese wanted to modernize China

Kuomintang—Nationalist Party of China—calls for modernization & an end to foreign control

Sun Yixian—first great leader of Nationalist Party

• In 1911, Sun Yixian led the Nationalists & overthrow Qing dynasty

Shaky Start for the New RepublicIn 1912, Sun takes control as

president• Backs three principles:

1. nationalism 2. democracy 3. economic security

• Sun did not have the backing of the military, so Sun turns the presidency over to Yuan Shikai

• Yuan Shikai betrays to democratic ideals of the revolution.

• No national agreement on rule; civil war breaks out in 1916

• Warlords take control of territories as large as their armies could conquer

Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty

World War I Spells More Problems• China enters war against Germany

hoping to gain land held by Germans

• Treaty of Versailles gives German colonies in China to Japan

• On May 4, 1919, angry students protest this agreement

May Fourth Movement—nationalist movement that spreads across China

• Many young nationalists turn against Sun Yixian

The Communist Party in China

Rise of a New Leader• Mao Zedong—helps form

Chinese Communist Party in 1921

Lenin Befriends China• In 1923, Lenin helps

Nationalists, who agree to work with Communists

Peasants Align with the Communists

• Jiang Jieshi (Chang Kai Shek)—Nationalist leader (Kuomintang) after Sun dies—opposes communism

• Peasants see no gain for them in Jiang’s plans, they back Communists

The Communist Party in China

Nationalists and Communists Clash

• In 1927, Nationalists kill Communists, unionists in Shanghai

• In 1928, Jiang becomes president; Communists resist his rule

Civil War Rages in China between _________?

Hostility Becomes War• By 1930, civil war rages;

Mao recruits a peasant, guerrilla army

Civil War Rages in ChinaThe Long March• In 1933, Jiang’s huge army surrounds

outnumbered CommunistsLong March—Communists’ 6,000-mile

journey to safety in north• Of 100,000 Communists, 7,000 or 8,000

survive the march, including MaoCivil War Suspended• Seeing chaos in China, Japan launches

all-out invasion in 1937• Nationalists and Communists join

together to fight Japan*footnote: after WWII (1945), Communists

and Nationalists resume their fighting.- In 1949, China becomes a Communist

nation

The Communists Transform China

Communists Claim a New “Mandate of Heaven”

• Chinese Communists organize national government and Communist Party

Mao’s Brand of Marxist Socialism• Mao takes property from landowners and

divides it among peasants• Government seizes private companies and

plans production increase

“Little Red Book” was published by the Government of the People’s Republic of China from April 1964 until approximately 1976. As its title implies, it is a collection of quotations excerpted from Mao’s past speeches and publications