Impact of Kickstart treadle pumps in East Africa

Ephraim Nkonya (IFPRI)

Beatrice Salasya (KickStartInternational)

Where the KS pump owners located?

Pump owners in (i) Dry areas (e.g. north-central Kenya, Tabora in TZ(ii) Humid & Sub-humide.g. Western Kenya, North-east Tanzania

Market access differsignificantly in allLocationsSelection will take these differences into account

Conceptual Framework

Treadle pump purchased

HH income & assets ↑

Homestead water supply ↑

Homestead water managementchanges

Food and agricultureproduction ↑

Hygiene & sanitation improves ↑

Dietary diversity ↑

Foodexpenditures ↑

Healthcareexpenditures ↑

Poor water drainage & breeding mosquitos

Improved health & nutrition

Worsened health

KickStart International Approach

• Market based acquisition of treadle pumps –no subsidies or any other support to pump buyer – only one year guarantee given

• Cheap pump targeted to the poor (pumps price <US$100)

• Manual – treadle pumps – so cheap to operate in remote areas

Source of funds to purchase pumps, preliminary based on results

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Kenya Tanzania

% r

ep

ort

ing

sou

rce

of

fun

ds

Own funds

Other sources

Ownership of pumps across gender, 2010 sales

21

4

79

96

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Kenya Tanzania

% o

f p

um

p o

wn

er

acro

ss g

en

de

r

Female

Male

Questions asked on gender

• Ownership of assets

• Who controls revenue from pumps & other economic activities?

• Changes of sanitary & hygiene practices for men, women, children

• Gender division of all economic activities

• Many other gender disaggregated socio-economic data collected

Challenges

• Children age out of the sample group in three year period, so hard to collect panel data to assess impact on individual children under 5 yrs age

• Treatment (buying pumps) is not randomized since it operates through open market

• Promotion of pumps done using mass media

• Six year data collection is expensive and takes long time to collect