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54
Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 Kobe, Japan Presented By: Basanta Shrestha, Division Head MENRIS, ICIMOD ([email protected]) Other study team members: Samjwal Bajracharya, Pradeep Mool, and members from national partner institutions

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Page 1: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial

Lakes

APN International Symposium 2 December 2007

Kobe, Japan

Presented By:Basanta Shrestha, Division Head MENRIS, ICIMOD

([email protected])

Other study team members: Samjwal Bajracharya, Pradeep Mool, and members from national partner institutions

Page 2: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Extends over 3500 km from Afghanistan to Myanmar And Home to 150 million People

The Hindu Kush-Himalayan RegionA regional mountain knowledge and learning centre devoted to sustainable mountain development in the greater Himalayan region.

www.icimod.orghttp://menris.icimod.net

Page 3: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Mt. Everest

N

N

The Himalayas has the largest concentration of glaciers outside the polar region, aptly called “The Third Pole”.

Page 4: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

1.3 billion people depend on

‘the water tower’

9 Large River Basins

Page 5: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Impact of climate change is well observed in the Himalayan

The warming in the Himalayas in last three decades has been between 0.15 °C - 0.6 °C per decade

Several studies show that most of glaciers in Himalaya are shrinking at accelerated rates in recent decades

- Melting Glaciers, - Growing Glacial lakes, and- Glacial lakes Outburst Floods (GLOFs)

Page 6: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

PakistanPakistan

IndiaIndia

NepalNepal

HPHP

UAUA

ChinaChina

AfghanistanAfghanistan

SKSKBhutanBhutan

Inventory of Glaciers, Glacial Lakes and GLOF in the HimalayaInventory of Glaciers, Glacial Lakes and GLOF in the Himalaya

INDUSINDUS

Page 7: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Glaciers and Glacial lakes of Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan

and selected basins of India and TAR/China

http://www.icimod-gis.net/gis/naturalhazard.phphttp://dev.icimod.org/elibrary/index.php/search/publication/169

http://www.rrcap.unep.org/issues/glof/glof/index.htm

Inventory of Glaciers, Glacial Lakes and GLOF in the Himalaya

Page 8: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Melting of Glaciers in HimalayaSome examples

Page 9: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Poiqu Basin

Nepal

China

Glaciers and glacial lakes in Poiqu Basin (Source: Mool et.al. 2004)

Gangxi Co lake at the tongue of Glacier 50191C0009 in 1987

Lumu Chimi lake at the tongue of Glacier 50191B0029 in 1987

Melting of Glaciers in China Himalaya

153 glaciers 244 km2 in 1988 232 km2 in 2000 5% loss in 12yrs.

Page 10: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

1000M

EOS ASTER image on 5 Dec, 2003

1000M

Landsat ETM+ image on 22 Nov, 2000

1000M

Landsat TM image on 18 Oct, 1996

1000M

Landsat TM image on 21 Dec, 1990

1000M

Landsat MSS image on 9 April, 1984

1000M

Landsat MSS image on 1 Jan, 1977

Page 11: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Glacier retreat and growth of lakes in Poiqu Basin, Tibet Autonomous Region of Peoples’ Republic of China

Gangxi Co Lake

Glacier on 5 Dec, 2003Glacier on 5 Dec, 2003Glacial Lake on 1 Jan 1977Glacial Lake on 1 Jan 1977Glacial Lake on 9 April, 1984Glacial Lake on 9 April, 1984Glacial Lake on 21 Dec, 1990Glacial Lake on 21 Dec, 1990Glacial Lake on 18 Oct, 1996Glacial Lake on 18 Oct, 1996Glacial Lake on 22 Nov, 2000Glacial Lake on 22 Nov, 2000Glacial Lake on 5 Dec, 2003Glacial Lake on 5 Dec, 2003

1 0 1 2Km

Glacier 5O191B0029

Glacier 5O191C0009

Lumu Chimi Lake

68m/yr

45m/yr

Melting of Glaciers in China Himalaya

Page 12: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Siachen glacier - 31.5 m/yearBara Shigri - 29.78 m/year Pindari glaciers - 23.5 m/year Gangotri glacier - 18 m/yearDokriani glacier - 16.5 m/yearMilam glacier - 9.1 m/year Chhota Shigri - 6.81 m/year

Gara, Gor Garang, Shaune Garang, Nagpo Tokpo Glaciers - 4.22 - 6.8 m/year

Glacier retreat 1963- 1997Janapa Glacier, Jorya Garang - 425 m Naradu Garang - 550 m Bilare Bange - 90 mKaru Garang - 800 m Baspa Bamak - 380 m Parbati glacier - 6.8 km Retreat of the Gangotri Glacier snout during

the last 220 years (Source: Jeff Kargel, USGS)

Melting of Glaciers in India Himalaya

(Source: various literatures)

Page 13: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

1993, SPOT

• Raphstreng glacier retreated 42m/yr from 1968 to 2001

• Luggye glacier retreated 57m/yr from 1988 to 1998

Melting of Glaciers in Bhutan Himalaya

Glaciers shrunk by around 8% between 1963 to 1993.

Page 14: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Lake Chubda Tsho increased by 0.027 km2/yr from 1968 to 2001.

Lower part of Chubda Tsho view from right lateral �moraine (Photo: Deo Raj Gurung, 2004)

Development of Chubda Tsho glacial lake from 1968 to 2004 (Source: Bhutan Geology 2005 Newsletter S. No. 8) Satellite image showing Chubda Tsho (Source: Google Earth)

Page 15: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Melting of Glaciers in Nepal Himalaya

Most glaciers shrunk by around 10 to 60 m/yr

About 6% area loss in the period 1970 to 2000

WECS 1993, Mool2001, Bajracharya 2005,

66m per year from1957-2000 (Tso Rolpa glacial lake associated with) Trakarding glacier

Bajracharya 2006Retreat rate about 41m/yr from 1962-2001 and 74m from 2001 to 2006

(Imja glacial lake associated with) Imja and Lhotse Sar glaciers

Yamada et al. 199230-60 m retreat from 1970s to 19897 unnamed clean type glaciers in

Khumbu region

Kadota et al. 200010m surface lowering from1978-1995KhumbuFujita 200130 m retreat form 1978-1989AX010ReferenceRetreat rateGlacier Name

Page 16: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Successive development of the Tsho Rolpa Glacial Lake from 1957 to 2000 Retreat of Trakarding Glacier & Growth of Tsho Rolpa Lake

Development of Tsho Rolpa lake with the retreat of Trakarding glacier

Page 17: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Retreating Imja glacier and growing glacial LakeRetreating Retreating ImjaImja glacier and glacier and growing glacial Lakeglacial Lake

IRS LISS3 2005IRS LISS3 2005QuickbirdQuickbird Jan 2006Jan 2006ENVISAT, ASAR, 18 October 2007ENVISAT, ASAR, 18 October 2007

LANDSAT TM 1992LANDSAT TM 1992CORONA 15 DEC 1962CORONA 15 DEC 1962 IRS ID PAN 19 MAR 2001IRS ID PAN 19 MAR 2001SPACE SHUTTLE DEC 1983SPACE SHUTTLE DEC 1983

Page 18: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

LEGENDS

15 Dec 196215 Oct 197502 Dec 198322 Sep 199230 Oct 2000

Jan 2006

Highest retreating glacier in Himalaya

A marked retreat of this glacier has been observed since 1990 accompanied by rapid growth of Imja Lake.

• Almost 1 square kilometers in area

• 28 million cubic meters in 1992

• 36 million cubic meters in 2002

• 40 million cubic meters in 2007

• Retreat rate – 42m/yr from 1962 to 2001 and 74m/yr from 2001 to 2006

Page 19: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

2006 photograph of Imja glacier(Photo: Giovanni Kappenberger

courtesy of Alton C Byers)

1956 photograph of Imjaglacier (Photo: Fritz Muller;

courtesy of Jack Ives)

Imja Glacier – Repeat Photography

Page 20: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Glaciers and glacial lakes in Nepal

Glacial lakes - 2323

Koshi Basin

Mahakali Basin

Karnali Basin

Gandaki Basin

Page 21: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Potentially dangerous glacial lakes

Page 22: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

C H I N A

N E P A L

Longda

ZhangzangboTaraco Ayaco

GelhaipucoJinco

I N D I A

Location of some of the past GLOF events effecting in Nepal,Location of some of the past GLOF events effecting in Nepal,often have Transoften have Trans--boundary implicationsboundary implications

Page 23: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Potentially dangerous lakes in the HimalayaPotentially dangerous lakes in the Himalaya

Nepal

Pakistan

China

India

Bhutan

UA

HP

SK

Page 24: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Glacial lakes Outburst Floods (GLOFs)

Page 25: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

• Glacial lakes are formed by accumulation of water from the melting of snow and ice cover and by blockage of end moraines

• Sudden break of a moraine may generate the discharge of large volumes of water and debris causing floods (GLOFs)

Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF)Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF)Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:

Page 26: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) Hazards in Nepal Himalaya

Landsat image of 2000

Chhubung

GLOF 1991

Tsho Rolpa Lake

● Bedding Village

● Naa Village

ChhubungChhubung GLOF in 1991GLOF in 1991

Boulders deposited on the football ground of Bedding Village 10km downstream from Chhubung GLOF

Breaching of moraine dam and fan deposited from Chhubung GLOF

Page 27: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Namche Small Hydel Project at Thame Village destroyed due to Dig Tsho GLOF on 4 August 1985

Dig Tsho GLOF in 4 August 1985

Breaching of Lake Dig Tshoand debris in the valley (Photo in 1991,WECS)

Page 28: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Part of Lunana complex showing Luggye Glacier (A), Luggye Tsho(B), Thorthormi Glacier (C) and Supraglacial lake (D). The breach point of Luggye Tsho GLOF is shown by arrow. (Photo: PhuntshoNorbu 1994)

A

B

C

D

Breach point

Luggye Tsho from 1956 to 2001

(Modified after Report of Japan –Bhutan Joint Research 1998) (Luggye Tsho partially breached out on 7 Oct 1994)

Nov. 2001(Landsat)

B

3D perspective view of Pho Chu basin showing Luggye Glacier (A), Luggye Tsho (B), Thorthormi Glacier (C), Supraglacial lake (D), Raphstreng Tsho (E), Tenchey village (F) and GLOF debris (G) along the valley (19 December 1999 IRS1D LISS3 and PAN data)

DC

B

A

E

F

G

Breach point

B

Luggye Tsho GLOF 1994 Oct. 7

Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) Hazards in Bhutan Himalaya

Page 29: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

The U-shaped valley looking downstream showing the sand deposit in the Tshoju Village and erosion near Dota and Tenchey Villages by the GLOF of 1994. (Photo: Yeshi Dorji 1994)

TshojuDota

TencheyF

G

Page 30: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Impact of 1994 GLOF event from Luggye Tsho in Bhutan

Page 31: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Excav

ated ar

ea

Manual excavation to lower the water level of Raphstreng Tsho in Bhutan

Page 32: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Regular Monitoring, Early Warning and Mitigation Measures

Simulation of GLOFSimulation of GLOFVulnerability and risk assessmentVulnerability and risk assessment(Near) Real time monitoring(Near) Real time monitoringNetworking of field sensor and Networking of field sensor and transmission stationtransmission stationWireless Sensor NetworkWireless Sensor Network

Page 33: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

70m long and 4.2 wide out let canal of 70m long and 4.2 wide out let canal of TshoTsho RolpaRolpa lake lake and 3 m wide opening gated structureand 3 m wide opening gated structure

Early warning SystemEarly warning SystemTshoTsho RolpaRolpa glacial lakeglacial lake

Outflow from the outlet canal at end moraineOutflow from the outlet canal at end moraine

Mitigation and Early Warning System at the Mitigation and Early Warning System at the TshoTsho RolpaRolpa Glacial Lake in NepalGlacial Lake in Nepal

Page 34: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Tsho Rolpa Lake in Nepal Himalaya

ICIMOD, Oct 2000

Early Warning Systems and Risk Mitigation workEarly Warning Systems and Risk Mitigation workEarly Warning System

(Arun Shrestha ,2000)

Channel Construction

Page 35: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Monitoring of Imja glacier and lake in the Mount Everest region, Nepal Himalaya – A case example

Page 36: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Hydrodynamic modeling

• Topographic Information (DEM)

• Extraction of geometric and Hydraulic Information (HEC GeoRAS)

Assessment of GLOF hazardAssessment of GLOF hazard

Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:

Page 37: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Bathymetry of Imja

Assessment of GLOF hazardAssessment of GLOF hazard

Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:

Page 38: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

LEGENDS

15 Dec 196215 Oct 197502 Dec 198322 Sep 199230 Oct 2000

Jan 2006

Imja Glacier Retreat and Growing Lake Almost 1 square kilometers in area

**********

28 million cubic meters

in 1992

36 million cubic meters

in 2002

***********

One of the highest retreat rate found in the

Himalaya

Retreat rate – increased about 42m/yr from 1962 to 2001 and 74m/yr from 2001 to 2006

Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:

Page 39: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

19932005

1996

Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:

Monitoring using RADAR satellite imageryMonitoring using RADAR satellite imagery

Page 40: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

200509.03.2007

26.05.2007

Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:

Monitoring using RADAR satellite imageryMonitoring using RADAR satellite imagery

Combined with Field-based measurements:• Wireless sensor network• Geo-physical and environmental sensors• Field server and Internet connectivity• Real-time monitoring and early warning

Combined with Field-based measurements:• Wireless sensor network• Geo-physical and environmental sensors• Field server and Internet connectivity• Real-time monitoring and early warning

Page 41: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

GLOF hydrograph of ImjaPeak flow and peak flood depth along the rivers

5.75235546.434.559 Ghat

6.64244738.829.669 Bengkar

6.91322334.825.940 Larja Dovan

7.62480021.313.648Pangboche

5.53493218.811.545 Orso

5.81509413.97.518 Dingboche

54610.00.0Lake outlet

Flood Depth (m)

Discharge (m3s-1)

Time(min)Ch (km)Place

Flood arrival time and discharge from Imja GLOFSimulation of GLOF scenariofrom Imja

Page 42: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

If Imja breaks…If Imja breaks…

Assessment of GLOF hazardAssessment of GLOF hazard

Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:

Page 43: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

If Imja Breaks…If Imja Breaks…

Simulation of GLOF scenario from ImjaSimulation of GLOF scenario from Imja

Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:

Page 44: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

If Imja breaks…If Imja breaks…

GLOF Vulnerability at Dingboche

Dingboche(Photo: 2006)

Page 45: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

• Pangboche• Dingboche

• Namche bazaar

• Chhukung Ri

• Kalapathar

• Quangde

• Tengboche

• Loboche (Pyramid)

• Phortse

• Everest base camp

• Imja lake

• Khumbu Glacier

• Everest

25 Km

Networking of field sensor and transmission station in Mt. EvereNetworking of field sensor and transmission station in Mt. Everest st region for the real time monitoring of Lake region for the real time monitoring of Lake ImjaImja TshoTsho

Page 46: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Monitoring of Glacier and Lake and GLOF in the HimalayaMonitoring of Glacier and Lake and GLOF in the Himalaya

Wi-Fi Mesh-network

Web ServerMeasurementDevice Control

Sensors (up to 24ch)Air temp.HumiditySolar Radiation, UVCO2 concentration・・・・

tolerate the cold weather

Camera (0.3-8M Pixels)Solar-cellLED Lighting

Page 47: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

http://fsds.dc.affrc.go.jp/data4/Himalayan/

ImjaImja Lake and its network statistics of local bandwidth Lake and its network statistics of local bandwidth ((ImjaImja to to NamcheNamche))

Page 48: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Melting Glaciers in the HimalayaMelting Glaciers in the Himalaya

Time to act now !!!Time to act now !!!

Page 49: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Action 1:

Update Inventory of Glaciers,Glacial Lakes and GLOFs

Establish standardized regional and national databases

Action 1:

Update Inventory of Glaciers,Glacial Lakes and GLOFs

Establish standardized regional and national databases

Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:

Page 50: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Action 2:

Prioritize Potential Dangerous Lakes andEstablish Regular Monitoring System

For Early Warning System

Field-based and Remote Sensing Techniques

Involve Community Participation

Action 2:

Prioritize Potential Dangerous Lakes andEstablish Regular Monitoring System

For Early Warning System

Field-based and Remote Sensing Techniques

Involve Community Participation

Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:

Page 51: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Action 3:

Conduct Vulnerability and Impact Assessment

Adaptation and Mitigation Measuresthrough pilot demonstration

Action 3:

Conduct Vulnerability and Impact Assessment

Adaptation and Mitigation Measuresthrough pilot demonstration

Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:

Page 52: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Action 4:

Bridge information and knowledge gapto enhance scientific understanding

Downscaling and customizeinternational knowledge

Action 4:

Bridge information and knowledge gapto enhance scientific understanding

Downscaling and customizeinternational knowledge

Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:Melting Glaciers in the Himalayas:

Page 53: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

More Info:More Info:

Mountain Mountain GeoPortalGeoPortal

http://menris.icimod.nethttp://menris.icimod.net

Page 54: Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and … · Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes APN International Symposium 2 December 2007 ... and erosion

Melting Glaciers in the HimalayaMelting Glaciers in the Himalaya

Thank you for your attention !!!Thank you for your attention !!!