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TRANSCRIPT
X������� IXPEImaging X-ray Polarimeter Explorer
MPGD15@� (Dec. 14-15, 2018) 1
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�15Micro-Pattern Gas Detector���
on behalf of the IXPE team
PI: Martin Weisskopf (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center)
THE TEAM
Japanese collaboration
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NASA A14� Small Explorer (SMEX) Program
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CONTENTS
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1. Introduction
2. MPGD polarimeter
3. Gas electron multiplier
4. Summary
1.1 X-ray polarimetry
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• PHENEX (2007�) !$• INTEGRAL5" (2008�)• ASTROSAT5" (2015�)• PoGO+ }2016�~• X-Calibur (2018�)
Crab (Chauvin+2017)
PoGO+Compton (20-160keV)
X3��8*• OSO-8 5" (1976�~• E��8*a�+b
X-CaliburX-ray mirror + ComptonDec. 12
1. #@B^��^\_Z�]_'?f�el ���" (R~10km)aX3�� �l sxpkv|yaC/�,'?
l: "(Dmiy[dam{kzrz{�� (6�)2��>)l�0 (>1012G)^a.1�& (QED.17��)lsxpkv|y<�aA `cexhru{qg{l�% (�4-�9)
2. ��a�Y;=tzonf�e
1.2 The IXPE satellite
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• NASA SMEX mission（米伊）• X線反射鏡（NiCo電鋳ミラー）230cm2 @2.3 keV x3台
• イメージング型X線偏光計 x3台帯域：2-8 keVFOV：12’.9 x 12’.9
HPD < 25"
かに星雲
• 2021年4月打ち上げ（赤道軌道）• 2年間 (baseline) ＋1年 (enhance)• データは即時公開• 日本から提供するH/W
• ガス電子増幅フォイル(理研）• 望遠鏡サーマルシールド（名大）
• 米伊に次いで3番目の規模で参加
Weisskopf+2017
5.2m4.0m
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1.3 More on satellite
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• �&�%* 1.8 m$� ' 4.0 m ��• ��-.,)�+��(� ')�
CONTENTS
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1. Introduction
2. MPGD polarimeter
3. Gas electron multiplier
4. Summary
2.1 X-ray polarimeter concept
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K���*������ Bellazzini+2007
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100 um
Analog ASIC• Dev. at INFN/Pisa• 50 micron pitch• 105 k hex. pixel• Self-triggering• Metal frac. 90%• Pix noise 50e ENC• Frame rate 10 kHz
2.2 Gas Pixel Detector
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Stray-light collimator
Filter and Calibration wheel
Housing
GPD
Back-end electronics
=106k pix=105k
2.3 Detector performance
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• �" #�$!# (DME) 0.8 ���1 cm ����� ~20% at 2.6 keV• Pixel anode with 50 micron readout pitch gives 120 micron spatial resolution at
2.3 keV• 29% modulation factor at 2.6 keV
Onboard cal. Source (polarized 55Fe)
5.9 keV
Azimuthal angle (deg)
-180 0 180
Unpolarized 55Fe source
Azimuthal angle (deg)
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
μ~60% μ < 1% (0.3% target)
2.4 Detector stability
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+1%-1%
Ener
gy re
solu
tion
(55Fe
)
55Fe spectrumdE/E ~ 16%(after gain equalization)
Long term stability
History recap:– Assembled @ INFN in
Summer 2017– Backed-out and filled @ OIA – Sealed on September 18,
2017– 12+ months of operation, so
far
Engineering Model
2.5 Comparison
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Imaging X-ray Polarimeter TPC Polarimeter
ProsD #9"� �ConsD >AC@B?��
IXPE��:�!8���;X������ (2021-)
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X-ray Polarimeter Probe (XPP, 2030~) <;�!=� �
CONTENTS
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1. Introduction
2. MPGD polarimeter
3. Gas electron multiplier
4. Summary
3.1 Gas Electron Multiplier
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15 mm
Fine pitch GEM50 um >=<2 30 um ���2
50 um �
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IXPE GEM x500 SEM image
Cross-section of IXPE GEM30um
50um 50um��?�� (����)
Thank to �5;2��5;
3.2 Fabrication
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Wet etching of Cu
Screening and test at RIKEN
Prod
uctio
n pr
oces
s
Laser drilling (top)
Laser drilling (bot)
Surface etching
Tamagawa+2006
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3.3 hole inspection
9:87036� *7<;.)02-03,)1/05+ 04
(�#BFG GEM ��=�� (110k/GEM) C�'=�'=���
Automatic scan/fit program(E>, MPGD14)
x50 (�#JIOQ
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& !�C��N < a few in 110k holes.
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3.4 gain curve and discharge
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Heavy ion irradiation test at HIMAC is scheduled from January 8 to 10.
Effe
ctive
gain
dVgem (V)
Operation gain ~700
Discharge@570V
Gain~5500
50 um pitch, 30um hole dia.50 um thickArCO2 (70%/30%) flowED = 1200 V/cmEI = dVgem*10 V/cm
4. Summary
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1. NASA 7:; Imaging X-ray Polarimeter Explorer
(IXPE) 1��3</2021 4�7�4�20
2. ��AIJG9 GEM 8��5/INFN/Pisa 6
�7?BE@CI��� (GPD) =��/���0
3. 2018 9�:;/FH>D�8��/��/��1�
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