Drought information exchange

Platform Training on Activity 1.3

Ljubljana, 8 April 2014

Luka Honzak, BO-MO LTD.

luka@bo-mo.si

Gregor Gregorič, EARS/DMCSEE

gregor.gregoric@gov.si

Agenda

European Drought Observatory (EDO)

http://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu

EDO provides:

• Continental overview of

information on drought

• Visualization and analysis

• Seamless access to

regional and national

drought information

Geographical information system (GIS)

• system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze,

manage and visualize all types of geographical data

Raster (map of drought index)

Geographical information system (GIS)

Geographical information system (GIS)

Vector

– Points (drought index on

the stations)

– Lines or polylines

– Polygons (drought index

for regions)

Geographical information system (GIS)

Geographical information system (GIS)

Vector -> raster: interpolation (different types of kriging)

Output: special formats (include information about coordinate

system, resolution, boundaries)

Every software for plotting maps is a kind of GIS -> output

can be saved to GIS file format

JPEG: world file

Geographical information system (GIS)

Mapping

Geographical information system (GIS)

Reference surface

• WGS84

Projections

Geographical information system (GIS) Coordinate systems

• latitude-longitude/geographic coordinate system

• Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)

– sixty zones (UTM zone number), each 6°

– UTM zone number, east and north coordinate in meters

• Gauss-Krüger

– similar to the UTM, 3° instead of 6°

• EPSG geodetic parameter

– Four-digit number describing coordinate system

Web mapping / Web GIS

– Google Maps, EDO

– Web Map Service (WMS)

Data by region - Slovenia DMCSEE (www.dmcsee.org)

• SPI 1, 3, 6, 9, 12

• WBA60

• Drought bulletins

• Precipitation, Percentiles

• Archive

• Availability:

– http://www.dmcsee.org/en/drou

ght_monitor/,

– http://dmcsee.org/GISapp/

– EDO MapViewer

– Drought Metadata Catalogue

SI - DMCSEE SPI 1, 3, 6, 9, 12

• Based on GPCC data in

0.5° (http://gpcc.dwd.de/)

• Calibration period: 1961-

1990

• Frequency: monthly (available after

5th day of the next month)

• Availability: http://dmcsee.org/GISapp/,

http://www.dmcsee.org/en/drought_monitor/,

EDO MapViewer

SI - DMCSEE WBA60 (60 day water

balance anomaly)

• Based on NWP model

simulations for area,

limited to SE Europe.

• Non-hydrostatical

Meso-scale Model (NMM) is used. Historical DMCSEE model

climatology was computed with NMM model for time period between

1 January 1989 until 31 December 2009 with ERA-Interim as IC/BC

• Frequency: decade (from 11.3. to ~15.12.)

• Availability: http://dmcsee.org/GISapp/, EDO MapViewer

SI - DMCSEE Precipitation, Percentiles

• Based on GPCC data in 0.5° (http://gpcc.dwd.de/)

• Calibration period: 1951-2000

• Frequency: monthly (available

after 5th day of the next month)

• Availability: http://www.dmcsee.org/en/drought_monit

or/

SI - DMCSEE Drought bulletins

• Frequency: monthly (end of the

month from ~March-

~November)

• Availability: http://www.dmcsee.org/en/drought_bulle

tin

SI - DMCSEE Archive

SPI 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 for 1951-2000

• Calibration period: 1971-

2000

• Slovenia: Slovenian stations

• SEE : GPCC

• Same legend for easier

comparison

• Availability: http://www.dmcsee.org/GISapp/

SI – national data (meteo.si) meteo.si (National Meteorological

Service for Slovenia),

Agrometeorology (http://www.meteo.si/met/sl/agromet/)

• Variables in current year

• Long-time averages

• Phenological phases

• Daily data archive from 1961

• SPI per region

SI – national data (meteo.si) Variables in current year

(http://www.meteo.si/met/sl/agromet/recent/)

• Temperatures

– 10 stations (air), 8 (soil)

– Frequency: daily (for previous day)

• Water balance

– 10 stations

– Frequency: daily, weekly (for

previous day)

• Water balance bulletins

– Frequency: decade (April-

September), monthly otherwise

SI – national data (meteo.si) SPI 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 per region (http://www.meteo.si/met/sl/agromet/indeks_spi/)

• Calibration period 1971-2000

• Frequency: 1., 15. from April to September

1 HODOŠ SPI1 0.45

2 SUHI VRH SPI1 0.4

3 DOLENCI SPI1 0.96

4 BUDINCI SPI1 1.04

5 MARKOVCI SPI1 1.01

……………………………………

SI – national data (meteo.si)

http://www.meteo.si/uploads/probase/www/agromet/product/form/sl/SPI_karte.pdf

•15.6.

• 1.9.

SI – national data (Geoportal EARS) EARS Geoportal

(http://gis.arso.gov.si/)

• Search metadata

• Download data (WFS)

(http://gis.arso.gov.si/wfs_web/faces/

WFSLayersList.jspx)

• GIS Viewer (Environment

Atlas)

(http://gis.arso.gov.si/atlasokolja/prof

ile.aspx?id=Atlas_Okolja_AXL@

Arso&culture=en-US)

SI – national data (Geoportal EARS) WFS

• Climate

– Air

temperature

– Precipitation

– Snow cover

– Sunshine

duration

– Wind speed

– Phenology

In Drought Metadata

Catalogue.

SI – national data (Geoportal EARS) Environment Atlas

Data by region - overview Agreement with At the workshop Questionnarie

Bulgaria National Scientific Coordination Center of Global Changes Vesselin Alexandrov - national leader

OK X

Czech R. Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation in Prague Hana Pokladnikova Tatana Navrkalova

Petra Kulířová Hana Středová

Hungary Lower-Tisza District Water Directorate Karoly Fiala

X X

Lithuania Department of Hydrology and Climatology, Vilnius University Edvinas Stonevicius Gintautas Stankunavicius - leader

Edvinas Stonevicius Donatas Valiukas (LHS-ME)

Moldova Institute of Ecology and Geography - Maria Nedealco

OK OK

Poland GWP Poland supported by Institute of Meteorology and Water Management Dorota Pusłowska

OK X

Romania National Meteorological Administration Elena Mateescu - leader

Daniel Alexandru OK

Slovakia Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMU) Marek Švec

X OK

Slovenia Slovenian Environmental Agency /DMCSEE Gregor Gregorič - leader

OK OK

Ukraine UkrHydroMetCentr Tatiana Adamenko

X OK

Data by region – Bulgaria ** (Based on “Soil drought monitoring” presented by Tania Marinova in

2009.)

• soil moisture

– gravimetric method

– every 10 cm to 100 cm every

ten days

– every 20 cm to 200 cm every

month

– Monthly Bulletin of the NIMH

National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (NIMH) (www.meteo.bg)

Data by region – Czech Republic

• Drought Monitor

– Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI)

• Integrated Warning Service System (IWSS)

– CHMI & Meteorological Service of the Army of the

Czech Republic

• Integrated system for drought monitoring (The Drought

Monitor)

– Academy of Sciences, Mendel University, Masary

University, CHMI

CZ: Drought Monitor • Soil and climatic drought

• Map of the threat of drought in the soil profile

– 0-20 cm, 0-100 cm

– Combination of measured and model-derived data of soil moisture

• Other maps

– Measured soil moisture (0-10 cm,10-50 cm, 50-100 cm), modeled

soil moisture (0-20 cm)

– Evaporation, water balance

• Frequency: weekly in the warm half of the year (on Tuesday from

Sunday data)

www.chmi.cz – Monitoring sucha

CZ: Drought Monitor

CZ: Integrated system for drought monitor • Meteorological and agricultural droughts

• Combines:

– Ground-based measurements

– Dynamic water balance model

– Remote sensing methods

• Map of the drought intensity

– 0-100 cm, 0-40 cm, 40-100 cm

– comparing with values of soil moisture in the time period +- 10

days from 1961-2010

– The probability of repetition of the soil moisture at a given day

• Frequency: weekly (every Monday to 15 CET on the situation on

Sunday at 7 CET)

CZ: Integrated system for drought monitor

The normal state

S0 – reduced level

of soil moisture

S1 – incipient

drought

S2 – significant

drought

S3 – very

significant drought

S4 – exceptional

drought

S5 – extreme

drought http://www.intersucho.cz/ (webpage under the development)

Data by region – Lithuania • (Selianinov) Hydrothermal coefficient (HTC)

– HTC=∑P [mm] / ΣT [°C ] /10

• P – sum of the precipitation

• T – sum of the mean air temperature

• 30 consecutive days

– for the vegetation period of active plants (when the T > 10 °C),

calculated for each day, starting from 30th day of the active plants

vegetation period

• Frequency: weekly

Lithuanian Hydrometeorological Service under Ministry of Enviroment

LT

>1.6 - excess moisture,

1.0-1.5 - optimum

moisture content

0.8-0.9 - lack of moisture

0.6-0.7 - arid,

0.4-0.5 – dry

<0.4 - very dry

Dry period: 15 days+

HTC <0.5

Extreme drought: 30

days+ HTC<0.5

http://www.meteo.lt/dregmes_salygos.php

Data by region – Moldova

Atlas Climatic resources of The Republic of Moldova

• Precipitation for a period of 30 years (1981-2010)

• 16 stations and 17 posts of State Hidrometorological Service

• Base for SPI calculations

Identifying droughts and dry periods

• SPI

• Martonne index

• Dry periods index (sum of dry days in May-August compared to

multiyear average)

ss

Data by region – Romania • Agrometeorological indicators:

– soil moisture reserve

• Various dephts (0-20 cm, 0-50 cm, 0-100 cm)

% of AWC Humidity classes

0 – 20 % Extreme pedological drought / ED

20 – 35% Severe pedological drought / SD

35 – 50% Moderate pedological drought / MD

50 – 70% Satisfactory supply / SS

70 – 100% Optimal supply / OS

>100% Above normal moisture values / EX

– heat waves

• Period of at least 3 consecutive days in which the maximum T

reaches or exceeds 32°C

Data by region – Romania – rainfall amounts

– ETP

– Weekly agrometeorological bulletin

• the specific information (air and

soil temperature, rainfall, ETP,

soil moisture, crop water

requirement) needed for

assessment of drought

occurrence

• National Observation Network

(158 meteorological stations and

55 agrometeorological stations)

Data by region – Romania • Data are analyzed and compared with the critical thresholds in

order to evaluate the threat and make recommendations to

decision-makers and farmers

• Disseminated to Presidency, Government, Ministry of

Environment and Climate Change (MECC), Ministry of

Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) for informational

and decisional purpose.

• For the general public the information is disseminated through

mass-media

• Periodical broadcasts (i.e. “Village Life”) are made at the public

radio and television having nationwide coverage, and targeting

rural audience.

Data by region – Romania – monthly and seasonal agrometeorological bulletin

(diagnosis/forecasts), dedicated agrometeorological reports

• Articles for specialized publications and magazines are

disseminated weekly and monthly in electronic format (www.agriplus.ro; www.revista-ferma.ro; http://www.gazetafermierului.ro/).

• Climatological indicators: SPI-3

• Indicators based on satellite techniques:

– NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)

– fAPAR (Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation)

– NDDI (Normalized Difference Drought Index)

• Availability: www.meteoromania.ro, e-mail or paper format

National Meteorological Administration

Data by region – Slovakia * • SPI

– 1, 3, 6, 9, 12

– 77 homogeneous and 44 inhomogeneous precipitation stations

• PDSI

– 25 homogeneous and 22 inhomogeneous precipitation stations

• Calibration period: 1961-2013

• Frequency: monthly

– SPI: delay of one month after revision of measurement reports

from precipitation stations

– PDSI: delay couple of weeks after revision of climatological reports

• Availability: via e-mail (Excel tables)

Slovak hydrometeorological institute (SHMI)

Data by region – Ukraine

• (Selianinov) hydrothermal coefficient (GTC)

– 140 meteorological stations

– Aridity assessment of the current year and estimation of

climate impact on moisture supply of the areas

– One of parameters used in the models for crop productivity

prognoses

– >1.6 - too wet, 1.6 -1.3 – wet, 1.2 - 1.0 - not wet, 0.9 - 0.6 –

drought, ≤ 0.5 extreme drought

• Frequency: monthly (for the period with average daily T > 10°C)

Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center

UA – meteo.gov.ua

• Maps (http://meteo.gov.ua/ua/333

45/agrometeorology/agro_c

urrent_conditions/)

– “State of topsoil”

– Average daily

soil temperature

at 5, 10 cm

Implementation

Introduction - INSPIRE, EUROGEOSS • INSPIRE is an EU initiative to establish an infrastructure for spatial

information in Europe

• EuroGEOSS was an FP7 project that demonstrated the added value

to the scientific community and society of making existing systems and

applications interoperable and used within the GEOSS and INSPIRE

frameworks

• EuroGEOSS developed a European Drought Observatory.

• Benefits from EuroGEOSS project

– Provide a central repository of drought relevant metadata that can

be accessed by everyone over the Internet.

– A place for data producers to publish their data and data

consumers to find the data

– New services, interoperability

Drought metadata catalogue

• Information about drought

– data (raster or vector)

– links to documents (field

reports, bulletins …)

– national web pages

providing drought

information

• Realtime or near-realtime

• Climatological

Obligatory

Drought metadata catalogue – metadata Metadata

• "data about data”

• descriptive metadata: data providing information about of the data with

standard language

• Indicator name, indicator description, organization, availability …

Metadata Catalogue

• Service that stores metada

• We can easily browse summary of all data

• Other users/organization/companies can also find our data if

catalogues are publicly available

• Essential to enable interoperability

Drought metadata catalogue – needed data • Organization

– Name of the organization responsible for the indicator

– Contact (e-mail)

• Indicator name

• Indicator description

– How is the indicator created? By the application of a software?

Which? Manually? Automatically through a spatial model or GIS

analysis?

– How the component was assessed: Monitored, Calculated,

Estimated.

– What is calibration period?

– What is the frequency of updating information?

Drought metadata catalogue – needed data • Availability of information

– Is the information available to the public?

– If so, references, hyperlinks, …

• Data Range Available

– Indicate the range of data from which information is available

• Geographic extent

• Keywords

– Type of drought

• Which is the type of drought that the indicator assesses?

– ...

List of keywords will be provided.

Drought metadata catalogue - SW • XML (Extensible Markup Language) file

– Textual data format

– Representation of arbitrary data structures

• CatMDEDit (http://catmdedit.sourceforge.net/, free)

• Inspire Metadata Editor (http://inspire-geoportal.ec.europa.eu/editor/, online)

• ESRI ArcCatalog (part of ArcGIS: http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/)

• ISO Metadata Editor (http://www.crepad.rcanaria.es/metadata/en/index_en.htm,

free)

• Altova XML Editor (http://www.altova.com/xml-editor/)

• ...

Catalogue - SW CatMDEdit

+ includes all the sections

of interest for metadata

- medium difficulty

INSPIRE Metadata Editor

+ easy to use

+ fully compliance with

INSPIRE directive

- low number of groups

for metadata

- online

Drought metadata catalogue – live example

Inspire Metadata Editor

http://inspire-geoportal.ec.europa.eu/editor/

Documentation:

http://www.eurogeoss.eu/Documents/EuroGEOSS_D_2_2_3.pdf

Implementation: EDO MapViewer • Raster or vector data, raster data prefered

• Real-time or near real-time

– Can be time-based (daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, …)

• Highly desirable

• WMS (Web Map Service)

spatial

data WMS server

EDO MapViewer

National web

mapping service

server user

WMS client

WMS example

http://www.dmcsee.org/cgi-

bin/mapserv?map=/var/www/tmp/dmcsee_wms/dmcsee_wms.map&SERVICE=WMS&VE

RSION=1.0.0&REQUEST=GetMap&SRS=EPSG:4326&HEIGHT=360&WIDTH=760&FOR

MAT=image/png&BBOX=11,33.995,47.005,50&LAYERS=SPI6&TIME=19991001

Data

Raster data

• Format: recommended GeoTIFF

• Legend

• EPSG

Point data

• Dense network station - raster ?

WMS server

Free:

• GeoServer http://geoserver.org/

• Mapserver http://mapserver.org/

• QGIS Server (previously Quantum GIS) http://qgis.org/

Non-free:

• ArcGIS Server http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgisserver/

More: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Map_Sevice

WMS server: UNM Mapserver

• Robust software (launched in the mid-1990s)

• Lightweight

• Runs on different platforms

• Supports many file formats

• Easy to install

• More difficult to configurate

http://mapserver.org/

Future work: us

• Final version of implementation guide with detailed

examples will be available till the end of April.

• During the project we offer support with implementation

(luka@bo-mo.si)

– Preparing XML files for Catalogue

– Preparing mapfiles (MapServer)

• Review of implementation on next workshop in Budapest

end of September.

Future work: you

Drought Metadata Catalogue

• prepare XML files

• send it to luka@bo-mo.si (CC: idmp.sabina@gmail.com) with subject:

IDMP CEE “Your Country Name” until 1.7.2014

• focus on: public available, drought related, realtime or near-realtime

EDO MapViewer

• check national web services (INSPIRE)

• contact your IT service

Future work – Catalogue (draft) Product Product type Availability

Bulgaria Monthly Bulletin of the NIMH

Bulletin Online

Czech R.

Map of the threat of drought in the soil profile Measured soil moisture

… Integrated system for drought monitor

Map Map

… Map

Online Online

… Online

Hungary

Lithuania Hydrothermal coefficient Map Online

Moldova ? - Atlas Climatic resources of The Republic of Moldova

Poland

Romania Weekly agrometeorological bulletin Bulletin Online

Slovakia SPI

PDSI Excel file Excel file

E-mail E-mail

Slovenia SPI 1, 2, 4, 6 per region Water balance bulletin

Text Bulletin

Online Online

Ukraine “State of topsoil”

Average daily soil temperature at 5, 10 cm Map Map

Online Online