ict and ceg current uses and future developments
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ICT and CEG Current Uses and Future Developments. The Digital Divide. ICT Research Network 21st June 2002 http://www.becta.org.uk/research/reports/digidivide.html [email protected]. Malcolm Hunt, Becta CIOLA Group Meeting, 10 th May, 2000. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
ICT and CEG Current Uses and Future Developments
Malcolm Hunt, Becta
CIOLA Group Meeting,
10th May, 2000
The Digital DivideThe Digital Divide
ICT Research NetworkICT Research Network
21st June 200221st June 2002http://www.becta.org.uk/research/reports/digidivide.htmlhttp://www.becta.org.uk/research/reports/digidivide.html
ICT Research NetworkICT Research Network
21st June 200221st June 2002http://www.becta.org.uk/research/reports/digidivide.htmlhttp://www.becta.org.uk/research/reports/digidivide.html
ICT and CEG Current Uses and Future Developments
Malcolm Hunt, Becta
CIOLA Group Meeting,
10th May, 2000
Tim RuddTim RuddEducation OfficerEducation Officer
Evidence and Research TeamEvidence and Research Team
Definitions, Dimensions and Definitions, Dimensions and Characteristics of the Digital Characteristics of the Digital
DivideDivide
Definitions, Dimensions and Definitions, Dimensions and Characteristics of the Digital Characteristics of the Digital
DivideDivide
ICT and CEG Current Uses and Future Developments
Malcolm Hunt, Becta
CIOLA Group Meeting,
10th May, 2000
• What is the Digital Divide, and how should
it be defined?
•Is it a useful concept?
•Is the Digital Divide an important issue?
•What are the main contributory factors at
all levels?
•How does the Digital Divide affect
classroom practice?
• What is the Digital Divide, and how should
it be defined?
•Is it a useful concept?
•Is the Digital Divide an important issue?
•What are the main contributory factors at
all levels?
•How does the Digital Divide affect
classroom practice?
ICT and CEG Current Uses and Future Developments
Malcolm Hunt, Becta
CIOLA Group Meeting,
10th May, 2000
•What are the priorities for digital divide
research?
•How can the issues surrounding the
complexity of the digital divide be effectively
disseminated to teachers and others?
•What needs to be done to tackle the digital
divide?
•What are the priorities for digital divide
research?
•How can the issues surrounding the
complexity of the digital divide be effectively
disseminated to teachers and others?
•What needs to be done to tackle the digital
divide?
ICT and CEG Current Uses and Future Developments
Malcolm Hunt, Becta
CIOLA Group Meeting,
10th May, 2000
Historical Overview•Lack of critical theoretical and research analysis
•Access = primary focus- ‘haves’ vs. have nots’
•‘Technoromantic’ (Selwyn 2000; Beynon & Mackay 1996)
•Reproduction of inequalities largely overlooked
•Lack of critical theoretical and research analysis
•Access = primary focus- ‘haves’ vs. have nots’
•‘Technoromantic’ (Selwyn 2000; Beynon & Mackay 1996)
•Reproduction of inequalities largely overlooked
ICT and CEG Current Uses and Future Developments
Malcolm Hunt, Becta
CIOLA Group Meeting,
10th May, 2000
Research uncovering the complexities
•The structuring effects of classroom practice
•The impact of the media and stereotypical users •The impact of the home background on use and perceptions of ICT •Specific Digital Divide research e.g. The effects of culture and structures
•The structuring effects of classroom practice
•The impact of the media and stereotypical users •The impact of the home background on use and perceptions of ICT •Specific Digital Divide research e.g. The effects of culture and structures
ICT and CEG Current Uses and Future Developments
Malcolm Hunt, Becta
CIOLA Group Meeting,
10th May, 2000
Definition(s) of the Digital Divide?Taken together - DD = ‘Beyond Potential Access’
Multiple divides in terms of:•ownership - (various types)
•prevalence/environment of access (esp. community)
•age, capacity & functionality
•length and type and application of use
•availability of technological and human support
•reasons for use, relevance and aspirations
•levels of experience and skills
•spatial/familial limitations
Taken together - DD = ‘Beyond Potential Access’
Multiple divides in terms of:•ownership - (various types)
•prevalence/environment of access (esp. community)
•age, capacity & functionality
•length and type and application of use
•availability of technological and human support
•reasons for use, relevance and aspirations
•levels of experience and skills
•spatial/familial limitations
ICT and CEG Current Uses and Future Developments
Malcolm Hunt, Becta
CIOLA Group Meeting,
10th May, 2000
Dimensions of the Divide
•Socio-economic status
•Employment status
•Household types
•Gender
•Geographical location
•Ethnicity
•(Dis)ability
•Age
•Refugees, prisoners
•Socio-economic status
•Employment status
•Household types
•Gender
•Geographical location
•Ethnicity
•(Dis)ability
•Age
•Refugees, prisoners
ICT and CEG Current Uses and Future Developments
Malcolm Hunt, Becta
CIOLA Group Meeting,
10th May, 2000
Contributory Factors
•Cost
•Lack of relevance, interest and aspirations
•Lack of access & support
•Content
•Lack of literacy(s)
•Lack of “joined up” approaches
•Paternalistic provision
•Environment of community access centres
•Unsustainable initiatives (financial/social)
•Shortcoming of the market
•Perceived relationship to existing formal structures
•Cost
•Lack of relevance, interest and aspirations
•Lack of access & support
•Content
•Lack of literacy(s)
•Lack of “joined up” approaches
•Paternalistic provision
•Environment of community access centres
•Unsustainable initiatives (financial/social)
•Shortcoming of the market
•Perceived relationship to existing formal structures
ICT and CEG Current Uses and Future Developments
Malcolm Hunt, Becta
CIOLA Group Meeting,
10th May, 2000
Content
•Lack of local information (21 Million American’s)
•Literacy barriers (44 Million American’s)
•Language barriers (32 Million - 87% all Internet
documents in English)
•Lack of cultural diversity/paternalistic
content (26 Million)
•Est. 20% of all US citizen’s face 1 or more content barriers
(Children’s Partnership 2000)
•Other US, Canadian and UK research - similar findings
•Lack of local information (21 Million American’s)
•Literacy barriers (44 Million American’s)
•Language barriers (32 Million - 87% all Internet
documents in English)
•Lack of cultural diversity/paternalistic
content (26 Million)
•Est. 20% of all US citizen’s face 1 or more content barriers
(Children’s Partnership 2000)
•Other US, Canadian and UK research - similar findings
ICT and CEG Current Uses and Future Developments
Malcolm Hunt, Becta
CIOLA Group Meeting,
10th May, 2000
Literacy(s)
•Basic literacy - Can I read or write?
More than that…
•Functional literacy - Can I put these reading and writing skills to
daily use?
•Occupational literacy - Do I know the basics of applying these to a
work environment?
•Technological literacy - Can I use common ICT tools effectively?
•Information literacy - Can I discern the quality of content?
•Adaptive literacy - Can I develop new skills along the way and apply
them effectively to my circumstances?
•Basic literacy - Can I read or write?
More than that…
•Functional literacy - Can I put these reading and writing skills to
daily use?
•Occupational literacy - Do I know the basics of applying these to a
work environment?
•Technological literacy - Can I use common ICT tools effectively?
•Information literacy - Can I discern the quality of content?
•Adaptive literacy - Can I develop new skills along the way and apply
them effectively to my circumstances?
ICT and CEG Current Uses and Future Developments
Malcolm Hunt, Becta
CIOLA Group Meeting,
10th May, 2000
Existing Social and Cultural Capitals
Social Capitals•Building community participation based on list of ‘desired’
characteristics (Putnam 1993; Coleman 1988)
•Access to social networks that enable individuals to
reproduce or enhance their social position (Bourdieu 1986)
Cultural Capitals
•Impacts of ‘inherited’ endowments derived from
home/cultural environment - into specific fields in which they
have value
Social Capitals•Building community participation based on list of ‘desired’
characteristics (Putnam 1993; Coleman 1988)
•Access to social networks that enable individuals to
reproduce or enhance their social position (Bourdieu 1986)
Cultural Capitals
•Impacts of ‘inherited’ endowments derived from
home/cultural environment - into specific fields in which they
have value
ICT and CEG Current Uses and Future Developments
Malcolm Hunt, Becta
CIOLA Group Meeting,
10th May, 2000
An Alternative Universal Access
•Macro - Citizen’s Online/IPPR-Citizen centred principles
-access to content
-bottom up empowerment
•Also need for Micro approaches to community participation
•Macro - Citizen’s Online/IPPR-Citizen centred principles
-access to content
-bottom up empowerment
•Also need for Micro approaches to community participation
ICT and CEG Current Uses and Future Developments
Malcolm Hunt, Becta
CIOLA Group Meeting,
10th May, 2000
Good Practice
•Start with auditing/researching ‘community’
•Identify particular barriers and interests
•Identify gaps in provisions
•More innovative ways to engage
•Curriculum can be discouraging
•Teacher reticence
•Start with auditing/researching ‘community’
•Identify particular barriers and interests
•Identify gaps in provisions
•More innovative ways to engage
•Curriculum can be discouraging
•Teacher reticence
ICT and CEG Current Uses and Future Developments
Malcolm Hunt, Becta
CIOLA Group Meeting,
10th May, 2000
ABCDAsset Based Community Development
•Community members as active change agents NOT passive beneficiaries or clients
•Developed effective participatory tools (Web portal, resident database, business/voluntary database, job/volunteer posting boards, plus leisure)
•Auditing and incorporating skills, talents and gifts of local people or “funds of knowledge” (Moll 1987)
•Community members as active change agents NOT passive beneficiaries or clients
•Developed effective participatory tools (Web portal, resident database, business/voluntary database, job/volunteer posting boards, plus leisure)
•Auditing and incorporating skills, talents and gifts of local people or “funds of knowledge” (Moll 1987)
ICT and CEG Current Uses and Future Developments
Malcolm Hunt, Becta
CIOLA Group Meeting,
10th May, 2000
The Arc Project
•Innovative use of technology for disaffected children -failing
•Summer School Technology Project•Minimum wage
•Literacy/Numeracy
•Work in video/audio - promotional material for voluntary organisations
•Innovative use of technology for disaffected children -failing
•Summer School Technology Project•Minimum wage
•Literacy/Numeracy
•Work in video/audio - promotional material for voluntary organisations
ICT and CEG Current Uses and Future Developments
Malcolm Hunt, Becta
CIOLA Group Meeting,
10th May, 2000
5 Principles of Digital Equity
•Access to learning technology resources (hardware, software, writing and connectivity)
•Educators skilled in using these resources effectively for teaching and learning
•Access to quality digital content
•Access to high quality, culturally relevant content
•Opportunity for educators and ‘learners’ to create their own content
•Access to learning technology resources (hardware, software, writing and connectivity)
•Educators skilled in using these resources effectively for teaching and learning
•Access to quality digital content
•Access to high quality, culturally relevant content
•Opportunity for educators and ‘learners’ to create their own content