icmm congress 2015, hong kong: abstracts of papers presented

ICMM Congress 2015, Hong Kong: Abstracts of papers presented论文摘要

Index of Abstracts 目录 Speaker

讲者 Page 页数

Keynote 1 专题讲座 (一) Connecting Past and Present: Maritime Museums and Historical Mission 连结今昔：海事博物馆及其历史任务

Lincoln Paine 1

Plenary Session 1- Maritime Museums in China 全体会议（一）中国的海事博物馆

Chinese Museums Find their Sea-legs 中国海事博物馆乘风破浪

Richard Wesley 韦持力

2

Parallel Session 1 - Maritime Encounters 分組討論時段（一）航海体验

Between Copenjagen and Canton 1730-1833: Merchants, Cultural Encounters and Global Trade during the Age of Proto-globalisation 哥本哈根与广东（1730 至 1833 年）：全球化始祖年代的商家、文化体验、环球贸易

Benjamin Asmussen

3

The Dao of Governance: Maritime Ventures and the Principles of Rulership in the Early Ming Dynasty 统治之道: 明初海上探险与统治之原则

Margaret Chu 朱立芸

4

Parallel Session 2 - Connecting with the Past 分组讨论时段（二）回顾过去

The Conservation of the Alexander Grantham Fire Brigade Vessel 葛量洪号灭火轮的保育工作

Paul Harrison 夏保罗

5

The Bremen Cog 「布莱梅柯克」号

Ursula Warnke

6

Building Better Boatbuilders 培养更好的造船队伍

Caroline Barrie-Smith

7

Parallel Session 3 - New Contexts for Maritime Museums 分组讨论时段（三）海事博物馆的新时代

Presenting Religious Belief Systems within a Maritime Mmuseum – the Why and How 海事博物馆内的宗教信仰体系－为何与如何

Claudius Mueller 墨高柳

8

Humanitarianism and Politics: Hong Kong 's Vietnamese Refugee Crisis 1975-1979 人道主义与政治问题：1975-1979 年香港越南难民危机

Kenny Yuen 袁康翘

9

World Ocean Exhibits 世界海洋展览

Peter Neill

10

The World’s Great Historic Ships: A Multinational UNESCO World Heritage Site 世界级伟大的历史古船：跨国际的联合国教育科学文化组织（UNESCO）世界遗产遗址

Raymond Ashley

11


Speaker 讲者

Page 页数

Plenary Session 2 - Oceans & Environment 全体会议（二）海洋与环境

Underwater Cultural Heritage Activities in the Asia/Pacific Region 亚洲／太平洋地区水下文化遗产活动

Bill Jeffery

12

‘Navigating the Blue Economy: ‘New’ Storytelling at the Australian National Maritime Museum’ 在海洋经济中航行：澳洲国立海事博物馆给观众的崭新体验

Kevin Sumption

13

Plenary Session 3 - Shared Histories 全体会议（三）共同的历史

Forging New Connections in the Pacific Ocean 建立新的太平洋联系

Marika Hedin

14

The Incredible Voyage of Count Maurycy August Beniowski from Kamchatka to Macao in 1771 1771 年贝尼奥斯基伯爵勘察加半岛至澳门的不可思议航行

Robert Â Domzal

15

Parallel Session 4 - Culture & Commerce 分组讨论时段（四）文化与商贸

Stories from the Fragrant Harbour “香港”的故事

Richard Wesley 韦持力

16

Smuggling: From Social Acceptance to a Criminal Act? 走私活动：由无伤大雅到犯罪行为？

Nils Valdersdorf Jensen

17

Parallel Session 5 - East Meets West 分组讨论时段（五）东西方交流

Junk Keying Meets Cutty Sark 「耆英」号遇见「卡蒂萨克」号

Zefeng You 尤泽峰

18

An Inventory of Chinese Ship Models in European Collections 欧洲收藏里的中国船只模型列表

Jeroen Ter Brugge 19

A Window to Foreign Exchange and Cultural Dialogue 中外交流与文明对话的窗口

Guo Yusheng 郭育生

20

Parallel Session 6 - Museums in Transition (1) 分组讨论时段（六）转变中的博物馆（一）

What Happened Next? The Privatisation and Opening of the National Military Museum 2014 接下来如何？2014年国立军事博物馆的私有化和开幕

Harry de Bles

21

Making the Forgotten War Accessible 让遗忘的战争历史重现眼前

Stephen Fisher

22


Speaker 讲者

Page 页数

Parallel Session 7 - Museums in Transition (2) 分组讨论时段（七）转变中的博物馆（二）

3D Modeling in Archaeology for Museum Display 考古学立体模型予博物馆展出

Megan Lickliter-Mundon & Kevin Edwards

23

Teaching of Science and Technology in Maritime Museums 在海事博物馆教授科学和科技

Jeffrey Cannon

24

Redeveloping Core Exhibitions – Things, Stories and People 重建核心展览－展品、故事与人

Hanna Hagmark-Cooper

25

Parallel Session 8 – Connecting with Communities 分组讨论时段（八）与小区的联系

Macao Maritime Museum and its Communities 澳门海事博物馆与其小区

I Un Chan 陈宜婉

26

Old Ships in a New Bottle: Creating a New Identity for 100-year-old Museum 新瓶旧船：为百年博物院塑造新角色

Ulla Tofte

27

Building Cabrillo's San Salvador of 1542 重建 1542年卡布里洛的「圣萨尔瓦多」号

Susan Sirota

28

Parallel Session 9 – New Approaches in Chinese Maritime Museums 分组讨论时段（九）中国海事博物馆新动向

Nanhai No. 1 and the Overseas Trade of the Song Dynasty 从“南海 I号”遗物看宋代海外贸易

Yang Zhenjie 杨桢杰

29

The Study on the Pictorial Stories of Matsu from Qing Dynasty Exhibited in the National Museum of Amsterdam in the Netherlands 荷兰阿姆斯特丹国立博物院藏清代《天后圣迹图》研究

Xiao Haiming 肖海明

30

Plenary Session 4 - Connecting the Past and Present: Maritime Archaeology 全体大会议（四）联系过去与现在：海事考古

Maritime Museums and Research: the Benefits of an Active Research Programme 海事博物馆与研究：积极的研究项目的益处

Fred Hocker

31

Our Museum is Still Changing: the Mary Rose 我们的博物馆在蜕变：玛丽玫瑰号

Christopher Dobbs 32


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Abstracts of papers session by session 2 November 09:30 - 10:30 Keynote 1 Connecting Past and Present: Maritime Museums and Historical Mission Lincoln Paine Maine Maritime Museum, USA Abstract These remarks consider what the geohistorical scope of maritime museums is and what it might be, and offers tentative suggestions about how maritime museums can engage more deeply with nonspecialist, professional, and academic audiences without abandoning their core mission and focus. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月二日上午九时三十分至十时三十分专题讲座（一）连结今昔：海事博物馆及其历史任务 Lincoln Paine 美国缅因州海事博物馆摘要本节谈到海事博物馆现在与未来的地史学课题，并就博物馆能如何在秉持其核心使命和焦点下，进一步吸引行外人、专业和学术界对象的兴趣，而提出试验性的建议。


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2 November 11:00 - 12:30 Plenary Session 1 – Maritime Museums in China Chinese Museums Find their Sea-legs Richard Wesley Hong Kong Maritime Museum, PR China Abstract Maritime museums form a small but vibrant sector of the broader Chinese cultural sector which includes some 3,600 museums. Initially focused around shipwrecks, shipping ports and documenting traditional shipbuilding skills, maritime museums are increasingly drawn into a new national narrative of developing a modern day maritime silk route trade strategy. Maritime museums have much to offer the public in linking traditional maritime achievements with current government policy designed to promote and expand China’s prodigious growth in maritime trade over the last three decades. The presentation will highlight three case studies, the Guangdong Maritime Silk Road Museum, the Hong Kong Maritime Museum and the Ningbo China Port Museum to illustrate how commerce, national pride and 5000 years of maritime heritage combine to produce a unique fuel for growing this sector of China’s dynamic museum scene. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月二日上午十一时至下午十二时三十分全体会议（一）中国的海事博物馆中国海事博物馆乘风破浪韦持力香港海事博物馆摘要海事博物馆在浩瀚的中国文化界中渺小但充满活力，当中包括三千六百间博物馆。博物馆初期的主题围绕着船只失事、航运港口、传统造船技术的纪录，后来才逐渐演变成现代海上丝绸之路贸易策略的民族叙事。中国海事博物馆对公众的裨益，在于能把昔日的航海成就与过去三十年造就中国庞大海运贸易增长的政府政策关连起来。本节将引用三个案例：广东海上丝绸之路博物馆、香港海事博物馆、宁波的中国港口博物馆，展示以商业元素、民族优越感，以及五千年的海事文化遗产三方面的结合，如何成为推动中国博物馆蓬勃发展的独特力量。


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2 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 1 – Maritime Encounters Between Copenjagen and Canton 1730-1833: Merchants, Cultural Encounters and Global Trade during the Age of Proto-globalisation Benjamin Asmussen Maritime Museum of Denmark, Elsinore, Denmark Abstract In 1730, the first ship of the Oldenburg Monarchy, which included Denmark, Norway, Scheswig-Holstein and more, set sail from the capital of Copenhagen going directly to Canton in China. Almost two years later, the ship returned with tea, silk, porcelain and much more which led to the formation of the Royal Danish Asiatic Company, who enjoyed a monopoly on trade from the Oldenburg Monarchy east of the Cape of Good Hope. In this project, I examine at the merchants carrying out the trade between East and West – how were their networks formed, how did they learn their craft, and how did the cultural and commercial encounters between the merchants of the Oldenburg Monarchy and Canton develop through a century of trade. For at new look at these people this project uses Social Network Analysis as well as an online encyclopedia, a wiki, to facilitate international coorperation in order to discover more about these people. Finally some thoughts about developing the project into an exhibition at the Maritime Museum of Denmark, which reopened in 2013 in a brand new underground building encircling an old dock in Elsinore, Denmark. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月二日下午二时三十分至四时分组讨论时段（一）航海体验哥本哈根与广东（1730 至 1833 年）：全球化始祖年代的商家、文化体验、环球贸易 Benjamin Asmussen 丹麦埃尔西诺海事博物馆摘要 1730 年奥尔登堡王朝（疆土横跨丹麦、挪威、石勒苏益格－荷尔斯泰因等地）的第一艘船由首都哥本哈根出发，直驶向广东。差不多两年后，船只满载茶叶、丝绸、瓷器和其他珍品返航，后来组成了丹麦皇家东亚公司，并享有跟好望角之东的尔登堡王朝通商的专利。本节将审视从事东西方贸易的商家，看看他们如何组建经商网络、如何掌握当中的窍门，以及奥尔登堡王朝与广东商家如何在长约百年的贸易活动中进行文化和商业交流。我利用社会网络分析方法和网上的维基百科，促成国际合作，以进一步探究这些前人。最后，并计划为 2013 年重开的丹麦海事博物馆举办展览，博物馆位于丹麦埃尔西诺旧码头四侧的一座全新地下建筑物。


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2 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 1 - Maritime Encounters Oil, Fur, and Rescue: Cultural Crossroads Stephen White Mystic Seaport, Connecticut, USA Abstract The impact of the American whaling industry on the commercial and cultural contacts between the United States and Asia; and the dramatic story of the rescue by an American whaleship of Japanese fishermen shipwrecked off the coast on Japan in 1843 that had remarkable and unexpected results. The presentation will provide a broad overview of the contact between the United States and Asia which resulted from the American whaling industry, the first industry to be dominated internationally by the United States. It will discuss exploration of Asian waters by whaleships as well as the introduction of a new item, a by-product of whaling far different from the typical cargo shipped to China at that time, into the trade between the two countries. It will also recount the dramatic story of Manjiro (Nakahama) a Japanese fisherman of 14 who, along with four companions, was rescued in 1841 by an American whaleship after they had been shipwrecked on an uninhabited island off the coast of Japan. Although it was illegal at this time for Japanese citizens to leave the country, Manjiro was taken back to Fairhaven, Massachusetts, the whaleship’s homeport, where he was educated. What happened to him when, eleven years later he returned to Japan, was a totally unexpected result of his rescue and is still impacting American-Japanese contact today. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月二日下午二时三十分至四时分组讨论时段（一）航海体验石油、皮草和救援史提芬·怀特美国康涅狄格州的神秘港口摘要美洲捕鲸业对美国与亚洲之间商业和文化联系的影响；1843 年在日本海岸附近遭遇海难的渔民被美洲捕鲸船拯救的戏剧化故事。本节将会概述美国和亚洲之间因美洲捕鲸业而发展的联系，捕鲸业也是首个由美国在国际层面上掌控的行业；也会探讨捕鲸船在亚洲水域的探索，以及中美贸易当时出现了有别于多年传统的全新商品。在 1841 年，一名十四岁的日本渔民（Manjiro）和他的四个同伴，因船难流落在日本海岸对开的荒岛，后来被美国的捕鲸船拯救。虽然当年日本国民离开国土是非法的，但 Manjiro 被送往捕鲸船的母港、马萨诸塞州的费尔海文镇，并在当地接受教育。在他十一年后返回日本时，更带来了意想不到的结果，并对美日关系影响至今。


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2 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 1 – Maritime Encounters The Dao of Governance: Maritime Ventures and the Principles of Rulership in the Early Ming Dynasty Margaret Chu The Royal Commonwealth Society (Hong Kong Branch) Abstract The past is a skeleton in our closet as much as it is in nations and states, however hard we try to hide it. This paper attempts to explore the complexities of Confucian principles behind the maritime ventures of the early Ming period and how the very same philosophical tradition hindered their later development. A close analysis of archival material and the Confucian classics will be conducted in the context of the relationship between history and philosophy, commerce and ethics, and maritime exploits and the Confucian world view. Such a study might lend insights into the PRC’s maritime interest, which forms a part of its national self-image and global perspective. It may inform us that the PRC is no less a product of the rather lengthy history of China. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月二日下午二时三十分至四时分组讨论时段（一）航海体验统治之道 : 明初海上探险与统治之原则朱立芸 The Royal Commonwealth Society (Hong Kong Branch) 摘要无论我们如何尽力保密，最终总有被揭发的一天。本节尝试探讨中国儒家思想是如何反复地推动了明初海洋探险，而又在明代后期阻碍了海洋探险的发展。借着详细分析档案材料及儒家著作，把史料放诸历史与哲学、商业与道德，以及海洋探索与儒家世界观之间的关系。这样的研究能让我们对现今中国如何看待海洋利益有更深入的了解。这是形成中国国家形象和国际观重要的一部分。这也使我们意识到现今中国就是中国悠久历史中的一件产物。


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2 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 2 - Connecting with the Past Tai Fei Smuggling in Hong Kong John Cameron Hong Kong Marine Police, Hong Kong, PR China Abstract From the late 1980s through the 1990s smuggling syndicates were active in HK waters using high speed ‘Tai Fei’ boats, usually equipped with 5 high powered outboard engines, to smuggle goods, including stolen vehicles and high value electronic products, from HK to mainland China. The syndicates took advantage of HK’s rocky and isolated coastal areas with the Tai Fei boats coming in every night under cover of darkness to make a rendezvous at various coastal locations, quickly load the contraband and then escape back to mainland China at high speed. Combating these activities was the Anti-Smuggling Task Force (ASTF), a multi-disciplinary body with land and sea assets. Enforcement actions were spearheaded by the ASTF Boat Team, equipped with seized and modified Tai Feis, who engaged the smugglers boats in high-speed interceptions, usually at night in offshore waters. Superintendent John Cameron was the Boat Team commander for 6 years during that period and will relay his story using surveillance video footage and his personal recollections of derring-do actions at sea. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月二日下午二時三十分至四時分組討論時段（二）回顧過去香港 “大飛”走私約翰•金文諾中國香港水警摘要自 1980 年代末至整個 1990 年代，走私集團在香港就非常活躍。他們運用了有５個高馬力舷外引擎裝備的“大飛”快艇，從香港走私物品到中國。走私的物品包括被盜竊的車輛和高價值的電子產品等。走私集團善用香港偏僻又岩石遍佈的海岸和黑夜做掩護，以大飛快艇快速地行駛到各個海岸集合點，然後迅速地把走私貨品搬運上船。之後便高速向中國逃離而去。負責打擊這些非法活動的是反走私特遣隊（ASTF）。這是一只由多個擁有陸上和海上配備的紀律部隊所組成的特遣隊。執法行動是由 ASTF小艇隊指揮。這特遣隊把被捕獲的大飛快艇加以改良，在夜裏用於濱海水域，高速攔截走私船隻。約翰•金文諾警司在那時候當了六年小艇隊的指揮官。他將以監察錄像片段和他對本身經歷過的英勇事蹟的記憶來陳述他的故事。


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2 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 2 – Connecting with the Past The Conservation of the Alexander Grantham Fire Brigade Vessel Paul Harrison Hong Kong Maritime Museum, Hong Kong, PR China Abstract Despite being one of the major shipping centres of the world, the Alexander Grantham is currently the only historic ship on public display in Hong Kong. She was the Fire Brigade\'s flagship, commissioned in 1953 and served for forty nine years including serving in several dramatic famous incidents in Hong Kong’s recent history. It was felt necessary to save her from the scrapheap as she was made in the territory and her story was interesting , that she should be transformed into a museum . She is now displayed on dry land, in a region called Tai Koo Shing, it also has a nautical history, but evidence of this past was previously totally removed from the region and was conspicuously absent. This article will discuss the history of the vessel, and its transformation to being a museum, including the conservation of the vessel, the author’s own role in the project. The ship was transformed by taking it to a small shipyard , the thickness was gauged with a machine, repairs made , it was then blast cleaned to get to the bare metal and US Navy recommended maximum chloride level on the raw iron and painted with glass flake epoxy undercoat, colour matched to the original with a polyurethane topcoat, to give an optimal protection. The keel was surveyed with a laser and the bases constructed , so they would be a perfect fit. A few modifications to the vessel were necessary to make it visitor friendly . Some areas though are not feasible for visitor entry , these areas are now viewed by computer and periscope. The Museum is free and open 6 days a week, but not Tuesday in 2015. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月二日下午二时三十分至四时分组讨论时段（二）回顾过去葛量洪号灭火轮的保育工作夏保罗香港海事博物馆摘要虽然香港是世界主要的航运中心，但是我们也只有葛量洪号灭火轮这一艘古船供展出。它是香港消防队的主要旗舰，于 1953 年正式服役，长达四十九年。它经历过香港近代史上几个传奇事件。灭火轮在本港制造，拥有感人的故事。因此政府当局一致认为它非常有保留价值，所以把它改装成一间博物馆。这艘船目前放置在港岛太古城陆上。太古城也有它的一段航海史，但其过往史迹已经荡然无存。本节将讨论这艘船的历史和成为博物馆的过程，包括其船身的保育和讲者在其间所当任的角色。这艘船经一间小船厂改造。船身的厚度是以机器度量，维修后再把它清理至剩下生铁。之后采用美国海军的建议，为它涂上最厚一层氯化物，再喷上一层环氧玻璃鳞片防腐涂料。再喷上与船原有颜色相同、并含有聚氨脂的漆，这确保船身拥有最佳的保护层。在雷射测量再造成龙骨，后建造底部地基，这使龙骨与地基衔接得天衣无缝。为了方便访客游览，当局为船只做了几个必要更改。那些访客无法进入的部位就以计算机和潜望镜方式让他们观赏。博物馆免费入场，每星期开放六天，但在 2015 年，每逢星期二休息。


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2 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 2 – Connecting with the Past The Bremen Cog Ursula Warnke German Maritime Museum, Bremerhaven, Germany Abstract The Bremen Cog was discovered in 1962 in the River Weser, close to the city of Bremen. It was successfully conserved and restored during the following years by shipbuilders, archaeologists and the conservation laboratory of the German Maritime Museum in Bremerhaven, where it has been on display since 2000, after 3 years’ excavation, nearly 10 years’ compositing and then 20 years’ conservation. The focus of the scientific work lay in the reconstruction of the ‘flagship’ of the Hanseatic League. With traditional measurement the scientists reconstructed the shape of the vessel. Dendrochronology gave a hint of the dating – the cog was built in 1380 A.D. The response was perfect: it was the first time that a vessel of the Hanseatic League had been excavated. Before this spectacular find this ship-type was only known from town seals and paintings in medieval manuscripts. And it was well preserved over the centuries. The steer board side was nearly complete so a reconstruction of the whole ship was possible and understandable for the public. This medieval vessel is 24 m long, 7 m wide and 4 m high and is one of the largest archaeological ships exhibited in Europe, together with the Vasa in Stockholm (Sweden) and the Mary Rose in Portsmouth (England). The ship represents a foundation stone of the Museum because it was and is an object of national interest and distinction. While monitoring the cog with the coordinate measuring machines operated in the museum (Total Station and Faro Arm), the museum aims to combine the work done by the museum staff with optical measurement techniques. We will use the three-dimensional accuracy made of point cloud together with the imaging technique to produce a completely new data set. The work would combine Laser scanning and Image for motion. This new 3D model will be an example of communication and transfer of scientific work and methods too. Visitor research on the perception of the real wreck and the 3D model as well can be undertaken now. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月二日下午二时三十分至四时分组讨论时段（二）回顾过去「布莱梅柯克」号 Ursula Warnke 德国布莱梅港海事博物馆摘要 1962 年「布莱梅柯克」号在布莱梅市附近的威悉河被发现。幸得造船工人、考古学家、布莱梅港的德国海事博物馆实验室人员抢救，它才得以成功保存。经过三年的挖掘打捞、接近十年的拼接，以及接下来二十年的修复工作，柯克船从 2000 年起便在布莱梅港海事博物馆展出。这艘船的修复工作重点在于把它复原为汉萨同盟年代的「旗舰」。科学家以传统的量度方法重塑船的外型。他们也以树轮年代学计算出船约在 1308 年建成。公众对「布莱梅柯克」号的展览反应热烈，因这是第一艘被发现的汉萨同盟年代船只。在发掘这艘船之前，这类船舶只出现在中世纪时期手稿的印章和绘画。加上柯克船的船舷部份经历好几个世纪后竟能完好保存，在重建后得以对外展览。「布莱梅柯克」号船长二十四米、宽七米、高四米，是欧洲展出体积最大的考古船只之一。另外两艘大型的考古船只分别是在瑞典斯德哥尔摩展出的「瓦萨」号，以及在英国朴茨茅斯展览的「玛莉玫瑰」号。「布莱梅柯克」号是德国布莱梅港海事博物馆的镇馆之宝，象征德国的国家尊严，也体现了它历史上光辉的一页。博物馆工作人员将利用光学量度技术，配合馆内的坐标测量机（测距仪和测量臂），监测「布莱梅柯克」号。我们也以「点云」数据和影像技术取得三维准确度，为船只制定全新数据。有关程序也把激光扫描和运动图像技术结合起来。


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「布莱梅柯克」号的立体模型亦是技术交流及转移的一个实证。博物馆如今可向访客进行他们对船和其立体模型的观感进行研究。


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2 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 2 – Connecting with the Past Building Better Boatbuilders Caroline Barrie-Smith Portsmouth Historic Dockyard, Portsmouth, UK Abstract A vast maritime building patiently awaiting regeneration has been the central focus of twenty years of deliberation. After five years of fundraising and one year into this renovation project, Boathouse 4 in Portsmouth Historic Dockyard will be opening to the public between me writing this summary and arriving in Hong Kong. This building with a cathedral like internal space will be home to a new, Heritage Lottery Funded, Boatbuilding & Heritage Skills Training Centre which will create the next generation of traditional skilled boatbuilders. They will learn how to combine historical boatbuilding techniques and practices with contemporary commercial boatbuilding industry requirements. International Boatbuilding Training College (IBTC) Portsmouth is offering formal courses in heritage boatbuilding skills. The need for such a facility was made evident in a National Historic Ships 2011 survey, where more than half the owners on the National Register of Historic Vessels reported difficulty in sourcing skills and facilities. Graduates from IBTC Portsmouth will form the workforce needed to restore and conserve historic or traditional build boats and ships, including those already based in Portsmouth Historic Dockyard. The restoration of Boathouse 4 as a Heritage Skills Centre will create a contemporary public experience that will welcome visitors to observe and take part in the traditional skills still used in boatbuilding today. IBTC will also act as the catalyst for far greater engagement and participation with the local community through ‘hands on’ opportunities, again bringing modern training and experiences to those whose ancestors little more than one generation ago were Portsmouth Dockyard boatbuilders. In essence, the Boathouse 4 project is about sharing the joy of traditional boatbuilding crafts and their rich history, as well as understanding and appreciating the art of boatbuilding and restoration in a modern world. Open to the public and free of charge to enter, the mezzanine floor will afford unique views of British maritime heritage and the regeneration of a boathouse…….into a boathouse. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月二日下午二时三十分至四时分组讨论时段（二）回顾过去培养更好的造船队伍 Caroline Barrie-Smith 英国朴次茅斯古代造船厂摘要二十多年以来，这座巨大的海事建筑物一直有待翻新和复建。经过五年的筹款和一年的装修后，朴次茅斯古代造船厂的第四船库，在我执笔和抵达香港之时，相信已开放给访客参观。这个内部如大教堂的建筑物，将成为一个由文化彩券资助的崭新造船术与文物遗产技术训练中心。本中心将培育新一代的传统造船技术人员。他们会学习如何融合古代造船术与现代造船业的标准和要求。朴次茅斯国际造船培训学院（IBTC）将提供正规古代传统造船技术的课程。根据英国国家历史古船 2011 年的调查，超过半数登记在国家历史古船纪录的船主回馈说，他们很难时寻找合适的技术和设施。这也显示出提供这类设施的迫切性。朴次茅斯国际造船培训学院的毕业生，将与朴次茅斯古代造船厂现有的技术人员一起，为修复和保育历史古船和传统船只的制造业提供所需的技术支持。第四船库修复后成为文化遗产技术中心，将让访客能够直接参观和参与沿用至今的传统技术。IBTC将为本地人提供更多实际参与和交流的机会。这些先祖是朴次茅斯造船厂员工的访客，将有机会接触到现代技术培训和经验。总的来说，第四船库修复项目将分享传统造船技术的辉煌历史和喜悦。这也让人们更了解和欣赏古代造船和修复技术的艺术价值。造船厂欢迎公众参观，入场免费。在它的夹层更能观赏到独特的英国海洋景观和翻新的船库……进入船库。


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2 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 3 – New Contexts for Maritime Museums Presenting Religious Belief Systems within a Maritime Mmuseum – the Why and How Claudius Mueller Hong Kong Maritime Museum, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China Abstract Religion is a permanent and constituent part of human life. Going back to its Latin root ‘religio’ - connects man with power stronger than himself and influencing his life. Traditionally it is therefore an important and common topic of museums, especially of cultural anthropology which include essential aspects of maritime museums. Thanks to its location as a harbor in the Pearl River Delta and thanks to its history covering thousands of years, Hong Kong provides rich material to two important aspects of religion: How does it respond to fundamental human needs? And how, if at all, do religions influence one another following the many and different contacts over huge distances all over the world? Answers to both questions also offer quite a few suggestions how to present these topics to the visitor. Hong Kong people are used to their city that preserves many historical documents – tangible and intangible. Best to see on the one hand by some 70 temples and shrines. Flecker: Early Voyaging in the South China Sea and on the other hand to directly experience as the annual “ritual calendar”. They easily should feel at home in a museum that corresponds to their everyday life and explains it. Visitors from the mainland also fit into this picture as they share a multifold Chinese tradition of sea gods starting with the basic creations of myths. And the many tourist visitors of the Hong Kong Maritime Museum just get an obvious and important aspect of the city. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月二日下午二时三十分至四时分组讨论时段（三）海事博物馆的新时代海事博物馆内的宗教信仰体系－为何与如何墨高柳香港海事博物馆摘要宗教是人类生命中不可分割而永恒的一部份。归根究柢，拉丁文里的“religio”就指明了这是使人与一个强于自己的力量联合起来影响着生命的概念。因此，传统上宗教就成为博物馆重要又最常见的展览课题，尤其是宗教包含了海事博物馆最根本元素－文化人类学。位于珠江三角洲的香港，得天独厚，本地蕴含了中国几千年历史的素材。因此它能为我们两个宗教课题提供了丰富的史料：宗教对于人类基本精神的需要做出了甚么样的响应？各宗教经过万里传播及接触后，（如果有的话）又如何相互影响发展呢？这两个问题的答案也给我们提示了把宗教呈现给访客的方法。香港人对于他们的城市保留有形或无形的历史档案都有所期望。本地七十多间庙宇和神社的保育，是最佳的演绎方法。另一方面，弗莱克所撰写的“早期南中国海的远航”，也展示出详细的宗教仪式年鉴。香港人应该能在博物馆里感到宾至如归，轻松地了解与他们息息相关的宗教事宜。从中国大陆来的访客也应该能自在地游览，观赏他们所熟悉的各式中国传统海神，由基本神话故事开始重新认识祂们。当然，来自各地的游客更能体验香港重要的宗教面貌。


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2 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 3 – New Contexts for Maritime Museums Humanitarianism and Politics: Hong Kong 's Vietnamese Refugee Crisis 1975-1979 Kenny Yuen Hong Kong Maritime Museum, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China Abstract On 4 May 1975, the Danish vessel Clara Maersk arrived in Hong Kong with over 3,700 refugees. The Clara Maersk marked the beginning of the refugee crisis. The Hong Kong government accepted the refugees on humanitarian ground. The Burmese-registered Ava that arrived in Hong Kong on 6 July 1976 with ninety-eight refugees reveals the unclear responsibility for shipwrecked refugees rescued by foreign vessels. The Ava incident shows how Hong Kong's refugee influx was treated as an American problem. The U.S. government saw Hong Kong's regional role of strengthening Southeast Asian countries' involvement in America's refugee program. The crisis became controversial when the Vietnamese government officially permitted the refugees to leave in return for payment in 1978. The refugee-trafficking business drove the Hong Kong government into a difficult situation. The government feared accepting the boatpeople might encourage more human smuggling cases. When first asylum countries, such as Malaysia and Thailand, started pushing the refugees back to sea, Hong Kong was forced by the British government to accept them. This paper explores how unique Hong Kong's Vietnamese boatpeople crisis was. Hong Kong was the only colony which served as a first asylum for the boatpeople. As it is difficult to distinguish whether the crisis was a domestic or foreign policy. Hong Kong's jurisdiction of the crisis was ambiguous. Although international laws did not obligate any country to accept the refugees, Hong Kong served as place for Britain\'s proxy humanitarianism. Lastly, the paper sheds light on the potential exhibition of Vietnamese refugees by highlighting some special collections in different countries. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月二日下午二时三十分至四时分组讨论时段（三）海事博物馆的新时代人道主义与政治问题：1975-1979 年香港越南难民危机袁康翘香港海事博物馆摘要 1975 年 5 月 4 日，丹麦货船「基娜马士基」号把沿途救起的三千七百多名越南难民送运香港。「基娜马士基」号的救援举动，掀开了香港难民危机的序幕。基于人道理由，香港政府接收了这批难民。1976 年 7 月 6 日，缅甸注册船只「阿瓦」号载着九十八位难民抵达香港。这事件凸显了外国船只把难民救起送到香港后，应该由谁承担责任的问题。「阿瓦」号事件最终把大批难民涌入香港的责任归咎于美国，香港被看成是帮助美国强化在东南亚各国所实施难民计划的区域伙伴。但是，越南政府在 1978 年正式允许国人支付金钱，就能离开越南，难民收容计划就变得非常有争议性。难民偷渡活动的猖獗令香港政府陷入困境。本地政府考虑到如果继续接收难民，将鼓励更多人蛇集团偷运难民入境。而正当身为第一收容国的马来西亚和泰国都开始把难民船推回海上，拒绝接纳他们入境时，英国政府却逼使香港继续接受和收留他们。本节将探讨香港越南难民问题的独特性。香港是唯一一个成为海上难民第一收留地的英国殖民地。这身份使我们难以辨别这难民危机到底是属于内政还是外交问题。因此，这也使香港面对难民问题中的司法管辖权限，变得非常模糊和不明确。香港也只成为了英国人道主义的代理人。最后，我也将探讨一些不同国家对越南难民议题所作的收藏品策略，以供大家参考如何发展成为展览品。


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2 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 3 – New Contexts for Maritime Museums World Ocean Exhibits Peter Neill World Ocean Observatory, USA Abstract The World Ocean Observatory offers to host WORLD OCEAN EXHIBITS to present digital versions of temporary exhibitions -- researched, designed, presented, and closed -- to a potential audience of millions of "Citizens of the Ocean" who otherwise would not be aware of or benefited by the value of these public presentations. WORLD OCEAN EXHIBITS is further intended to expand web-based connection with your museum, to preserve the value of your curatorial and scholarly endeavors, to build public awareness, and to promote possible visitation to your website and physical place. The presentation will demonstrate the simple system of connection, present examples of exhibits already on-line, and argue for your participation in this novel approach to amplify the interpretation and marketing value of your success and mission. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月二日下午二时三十分至四时分组讨论时段（三）海事博物馆的新时代背景世界海洋展览 Peter Neill 美国缅因州塞奇威克世界海洋观察站摘要世界海洋观察站将提供一个互连网平台，以数码形式举办各种世界海洋临时展览，向好几百万的潜在“海洋公民”展示经研究、设计、展出完毕的展品。如果没有这样的电子展览平台，也许那些“海洋公民”就不会意识到这些展览的存在，而错过了从中受益的机会。世界海洋展览也希望扩充和增强与各大博物馆的互连网联系。我们将帮助你们增强策展和学术成果，提高知名度，以及增加贵馆网站和实地的参观次数。本节将简介这个联系系统，并且显示现有网上展品的例子，藉此广邀你们参与这新颖的方式，以推广和演绎各馆的成就和使命。


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2 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 3 – New Contexts for Maritime Museums The World’s Great Historic Ships: A Multinational UNESCO World Heritage Site Raymond Ashley Maritime Museum of San Diego, USA Abstract The maritime museums of the world collectively contain a stunning legacy of human enterprise. Among the most essential and complex artifacts, and among the most at risk are the ships themselves. For several decades now history’s greatest architectural achievements have been formally afforded the status of world treasures under UNESCO’s World Heritage Site Program. In consequence, many sites that once drew little attention have now come to be considered irreplaceable treasures of humanity and powerful centers of cultural tourism by virtue of their aesthetic qualities and the historical narratives attached to them. Some of these sites are maritime in nature: Maritime Greenwich, the Naval Port of Karlskrona, Liverpool Docks, and the Viking sites in L’Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland. Yet, despite the obvious importance of seafaring to world history, and despite their compelling power as products of human intellect and achievement, the remaining great historic ships have never been afforded their appropriate status as irreplaceable works of (naval) architecture, equal in significance to buildings. This talk will endeavor to make the case for great historic ships as the last fragments of a vast architecture which enveloped the globe and spanned centuries and how, through collective action, the seafaring enterprise might be recognized for its historic it significance through recognition of the significance of its material culture. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月二日下午二时三十分至四时分组讨论时段（三）海事博物馆的新时代世界级伟大的历史古船：跨国际的联合国教育科学文化组织（UNESCO）世界遗产遗址 Raymond Ashley 美国圣地亚哥海事博物馆摘要所有海事博物馆收藏的对象都蕴藏了丰富的人类的遗产。其中最基本而复杂的文物中，面对最大威胁的是船只。这几十年来，很多历史上伟大的建筑成就都正式获联合国教育科学文化组织（UNESCO）世界遗产遗址计划授以世界宝藏之地位。许多以往少为人知的遗址因此摇身一变，成为无可替代的人文宝藏，它们也因兼有美学和历史价值而成为强大的文化旅游中心。当中也有一些与海事有关的遗址，如：格林威治、卡尔斯克鲁纳海军基地、利物浦阿尔伯特码头，以及加拿大纽芬兰岛之兰塞奥兹牧草地维京人遗址。尽管航海对世界历史是如此重要，而仅存的伟大历史古船都毋庸置疑是人类智慧的结晶和成就，它们却从来没有赋予应有的地位，即相等于历史建筑物的海事建筑杰作。本节将陈述如何凸显伟大历史古船作为人类史学的仅存见证。几百年来，铺天盖地的航线所涉及的物质文明，透过集体行动，如何才可体现出应有的历史地位。


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3 November 09:00 -10:30 Plenary Session 2 – Oceans & Environment Underwater Cultural Heritage Activities in the Asia/Pacific Region Bill Jeffery University of Guam & Hong Kong Maritime Museum, Hong Kong, PR China Abstract Underwater Cultural Heritage research in China, as it can be in the Asian region in general, linked to the ‘Maritime Silk Road’—the trade between China, Indonesia, India, the Middle East, Africa and Europe, which began over 1500 years. Currently China is embarking on a new ‘Maritime Silk Road’ to reinvigorate trade and its geopolitical status in this region through large development projects. The UNESCO Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage 2001 is being used by the international community as the best practice approach in implementing underwater cultural heritage activities. Currently only Cambodia from the Asia-Pacific region has ratified the convention, out of a total of 51 countries, world-wide. This international agreement is a significant step toward assisting countries in the preservation of their underwater cultural heritage. The Asia-Pacific region has a rich and varied heritage associated with the sea and its inland waters in addition to that associated with the Maritime Silk Road. A common factor that connects Asia and the Pacific is maritime migration, trade and an association with the region’s marine resources. This paper will present various underwater cultural heritage projects being implemented that illustrate some of these connections, and the varied and unique maritime cultural identity. This includes from the small scale but potentially rewarding research and capacity building work that is being carried out in Hong Kong, through to some of the largest maritime archaeology research projects ever implemented in the Asia-Pacific region. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月三日上午九时至十时三十分全体会议（二）海洋与环境亚洲／太平洋地区水下文化遗产活动 Bill Jeffery 关岛大学和香港海事博物馆摘要中国与亚洲地区的水下文化遗产研究，大多数都围绕着超过一千五百前所开启的“海上丝绸之路”，针对中国、印度尼西亚、印度、中东、非洲、欧洲等地区的相互贸易活动而进行。目前中国正展开新的“海上丝绸之路”策略，以重启在这些地区的贸易，以及在这些区域启动大型发展项目，以建立它的地缘政治地位。联合国教育科学文化组织（UNESCO）所举办的 2011 年水下文化遗产保护会议，是国际社会在进行水下文化遗产活动方面所公认的最佳范例。到目前为止，在亚洲太平洋区的五十一个国家之中，只有柬埔寨履行了这项会议的公约。这项国际公约的成立，对帮助各国保护其水下文化遗产，是非常重要的一步。亚洲太平洋地区蕴藏着非常丰富和多元化的水下文化遗产。这些文物都潜藏于海洋和内陆水域之中，并与海上丝绸之路息息相关。亚洲与太平洋地区之间的联系，是建立于几个共同关键，即海上迁徙、贸易，以及与地区海洋资源有关的开发。本节将展现这些不同元素的水下文化遗产项目，以及相关文物的多元化和它们独特的海洋文化特征。这包括了数个在香港进行的小型但甚有研究潜质的项目，以至亚太地区历来规模最大的海洋考古研究。


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3 November 09:00 - 10:30 Plenary Session 2 – Oceans & Environment Navigating the Blue Economy: ‘New’ Storytelling at the Australian National Maritime Museum Kevin Sumption Australian National Maritime Museum Abstract The Australian mainland is girt by vast oceans which are arguably the heritage, heart as well as economic future of the nation. From the Torres Strait in the North to the Antarctic in the South the Australian marine estate straddles three enormous ocean bodies the Indian, Southern and Pacific. Australia’s marine jurisdiction of nearly 14 million km is the third largest in the world and in 2015 these oceans contributed over AUS$47 billion to the Australian “blue economy.” But the value of our surrounding oceans is beyond simple economics. With more than 85% of Australia’s population living within 50kms of the coast it is not surprising Australians have become known the world over for our unique love of beaches, surfing, sailing and fishing. Archaeological evidence demonstrates this cultural and economic symbiosis with our oceans goes back nearly 60,000 years to the first Australians. But in recent times Australians have become increasingly aware of the critical interplay of land and sea to control our weather and the devastating impact of droughts and floods on our fragile landscape. Consequently the Australian National Maritime Museum (ANMM) believed the time was right for a new set of maritime stories to better explain how our oceans have historically and will in the future, continue to shape Australia’s coast, weather, culture, biodiversity and industries. The ANMM has begun to develop a series of new programs and exhibitions built around a brand new master narrative. The first major public demonstration of this will be in 2016 with our first new permanent gallery in over ten years - Ultimate Depth. This new gallery will examine new Australian technology developed to explore the nearly 75% of our oceans that remain largely unexplored. In addition the ANMM has this year begun to build its own artificial reef habitats in Sydney Harbour. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月三日上午九时至十时三十分全体会议（二）海洋与环境在海洋经济中航行：澳洲国立海事博物馆给观众的崭新体验 Kevin Sumption 澳洲国立海事博物馆摘要澳洲大陆四面环海，海洋堪称是澳洲的文化遗产、宝藏、经济命脉。从北部的托雷斯海峡至南部的南极地区，澳洲的海洋产业跨越三大海洋：印度洋、南冰洋、太平洋，其海洋管辖范围是全球第三大，总面积达 1,400 平方千米，为澳洲今年带来总值 470亿元的收入。不过，环抱澳洲的海洋拥有的又岂止经济价值！超过 85%的人口居住在澳洲沿岸 50公里以内。难怪我们对海滩、滑浪、风帆、钓鱼活动的热爱闻名世界。考古证据显示，澳洲人与海洋的文化和经济共生关系源于六万年前。但直到近年，澳洲人才对土地与海洋之间的相互影响，例如天气、旱灾、水灾对环境带来的影响，有了更深刻的认识。因此，澳洲国立海事博物馆认为是时候筹备崭新的海洋故事，向访客解释我们四周的海洋如何在过去及未来，对澳洲的海岸、天气、文化、生物多样性、工业，起着关键性的影响。博物馆已开始制作一系列全新叙事方式的节目和展览。首个主要的公众展览将在 2016 年打响头炮，在十多年来的首个永久展馆「终极深处」举行。该展览将审视澳洲的新技术如何探索周边 75%仍未开发的海洋；博物馆并在今年开始在悉尼港建造人工鱼礁。


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3 November 11:00 - 12:30 Plenary Session 3 – Shared Histories Forging New Connections in the Pacific Ocean Marika Hedin Museum Gustavianum, Uppsala, Sweden Abstract In this talk, I will tell the story of how Uppsala university has created new and dynamic connections with the Marquesa Islands in French Polynesia, leading not only to the successful repatriation of human remains but also to a new understanding, both for us and the people of the Marquesas, on the importance of human remains both in the scientific context of a university and a pacific cultural context. Most cultural history museums have human remains in their collections, as archaeologists often find their most valuable objects in graves. One example is the Egyptian collections around the world, almost all of them containing the mummified remains of one or several persons. Add to that the 19th-century ethnographic fascination with questions of culture and race. This led to collecting human remains from around the world, often by digging up graves of so-called \"primitive cultures\" and bringing the finds back to Europe or the U.S. to be used for teaching and exhibiting. For university museums, there are additional sources. Their collections often contain more recent human remains, as a result of the development of the teaching of anatomy around the turn of the last century, as well as recent advances in medicine. Today, there are ethical questions to be asked of museums on how to handle these collections. How did they get in to the museum in the first place? How have they been used? How are they used today? Should they be exhibited? Can we do research on these collections? Are they even ours to keep? Human thus remains connect museums not only to the past, but also to the present, and to people and persons that have their own connection to this particular part of our collections. Through the human remains in museum collections and their possible problematic origins, which sometimes leads to repatriation and sometimes not, we are forging new \"connections\" such as the one Gustavianum has made with the Marquesa people. These connections have allowed both us, and them, to look at, and work with, cultural heritage in new ways, developing and deepening our relevance for the modern-day museum visitor but also our role in a global discussion on the meaning of history. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月三日上午十一时至下午十二时三十分全体会议（三）共同的历史建立新的太平洋联系 Marika Hedin 瑞典乌普萨拉古斯塔夫历史博物馆摘要本节将叙述乌普萨拉大学如何与法属波利尼西亚马克萨斯群岛建立全新而活跃的联系。这促使马克萨斯与瑞典两国人民不止顺利完成了先人遗骸归还原处，还促进了彼此的共识，认同了先人遗骸对大学学术和太平洋文化研究的重要性。大多数文化历史博物馆都有人类遗骸的收藏。这是因为考古学家通常都从墓里挖掘到最宝贵的文物。例如全球的埃及文物收藏，几乎所有都一定拥有至少一具或以上的人类木乃伊。再加上十九世纪人种学者对文化和种族问题的迷恋，这促使博物馆都收藏了大量来自全球各地的遗骸。考古学家到世界各地去挖掘所谓的“原始文明＂墓地，然后把所挖掘出来的人类遗骸和文物都运回欧洲或美国，供教学和展览。大学博物馆还有其他馆藏来源，自上个世纪起大学开始教授解剖学，加上近代先进的医学发展也为大学博物馆提供了遗骸。如今，博物馆面对着如何安置遗骸收藏的道德问题。首先，它们是怎么来到博物馆呢？它们以往是如何使用的？如今又怎么使用的呢？我们应该把它们当展品吗？我们可以对这些收藏做研究吗？至于道德上我们是否有权把它们占为己有？人和遗骸不止把博物馆联系到过去，它们也把我们联系到现在，联系我们与收藏品有直接关系的人和族群。通过博物馆的遗骸收藏品和它们的来源，我们建立了新的联系，有如古斯塔夫与马克萨斯人民所建立的关系一样。有时我们可把这些遗骸归还原处。但是这些联系可让两地人民一起探讨如何以新的方法和思维为文化遗产的保留做出贡献。我们因此不只发展并加深了我们对现代博物馆访客的影响，也在国际间讨论历史的意义时角色举足轻重。


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3 November 11:00 - 12:30 Plenary Session 3 – Shared Histories The Incredible Voyage of Count Maurycy August Beniowski from Kamchatka to Macao in 1771 Robert Â Domzal Polish Martime Museum, Gdansk, Poland Abstract In my paper I would like to present recent discovery of the map which has been found in the Central Library of Geography and Environmental Protection of Polish Academy of Science in Warsaw. It shows unique travel of famous Count Maurycy August Beniowski (of Hungarian origin but was leaving in Poland and fighting for Polish liberation) from Kamchatka to Macao in 1771. In my paper I give the background of this unusual sea journey through unknown part of the Bering Sea from west to the east, eastern coast of Alaska between month of Yukon and Kuksokwim River. Later Maurycy Beniowski sailed along the coast of island Unimak and most easterly Aleutian Island and done this seven years before famous James Cook`s third expedition. From there he sailed towards Kurile Islands chain, later turned westward and reached the east coast of Japan. From there he sailed to the east coast of Tajwan and from Tajwan two Chinese pilot guided his ship to Macau. One of the values of the story is detailed description of the sailed route, measurements taken and observations done during the voyage, newly discovered map is also of great value ! In recent years Polish scientists proved, that once disputable accounts done during the voyage by Count Maurycy Beniowski, are true and relate to his experiences and real observations. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月三日上午十一时至下午十二时三十分全体会议（三）共同的历史 1771 年贝尼奥斯基伯爵勘察加半岛至澳门的不可思议航行 Robert Â Domzal 格但斯克波兰海事博物馆摘要本节将叙述最近华沙波兰科学院地理和环境保护系的中央图书馆里，发现一幅航海地图。它显示了模利斯·贝尼奥斯基伯爵（原藉匈牙利，但住在波兰而为解放波兰战斗）在 1771 年勘察加半岛至澳门所经历的独特航道。我将分析这从西至东航行，驶过那不为人知的白令海域，以及阿拉斯加育空河口与库斯科奎姆河口之间的不寻常航程之历史背景。其后，贝尼奥斯基继续沿着乌尼马克岛和阿留申群岛最东部航驶，这比著名詹姆斯库克第三次的远航还早了七年。从那里，他继续航驶向库页岛链，然后往西至日本东部海岸。他又从日本航驶至台湾东岸，再由当地两个华族引航员领航到澳门。这故事最重要的价值在于整个航海过程都记录详尽。这包括航线路程的浬数计算、行程当中的观察数据等。这的确是非常有价值的地图！波兰科学家近年曾经将贝尼奥斯基伯爵航程所记载的可疑处进行科学研究，从而肯定了他的航海经历和观察的确是真实无误。


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3 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 4 – Culture & Commerce Stories from the Fragrant Harbour Richard Wesley Hong Kong Maritime Museum, Hong Kong, PR China Abstract To achieve a post - modern, post - industrial future, the Government of Hong Kong has steadily positioned the city as a global player in the world art market. The link between high finance in Hong Kong and contemporary art is an obvious one - and new infrastructure is springing up throughout the city, from private galleries to not-for-profit financed design incubation spaces. Most noticeable of all investment in this new future is the West Kowloon Cultural Precinct – a multi-purpose arts facility located on the edge of the city’s “fragrant harbour.” As a generous corporate gift to the people of Hong Kong after 150 years in the city, HSBC agreed to finance and co-develop a six month exhibition at the Hong Kong Maritime Museum entitled Made in Hong Kong, Our city, Our stories which opened on 6 March, 2015. The scale and resources devoted to this initiative enabled the Museum to create a cultural initiative beyond the normal day-to-day resources of a mid-size, not-for-profit museum, requiring the institution to engage with the commercial, creative and intellectual forces at play in contemporary Hong Kong. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月三日下午二时三十分至四时分组讨论时段（四）文化与商业 “香港”的故事韦持力香港海事博物馆摘要为了后现代和后工业时代的香港未来，香港政府正积极将这城市定位为国际主要的艺术市场。在香港，高额的金融资助与现代艺术理所当然地迅速联系起来。在本市，许多艺术基建冒了起来，包括私人画廊、非牟利资助的设计海港培育空间等。最引人瞩目的，必定是未来西九龙文化区的具大投资，那是座落在海港边缘的多用途艺术设施。汇丰为了感谢 150 年以来香港人给予的支持，曾资助和协办香港海事博物馆为期六个月的“香港制造”展览，展期自2015 年 3 月 6 日开始。其间的规模和所投入的赞助，使我们这个非牟利的中型博物馆能够超越本身的资源限制，积极地与商业机构、当代香港艺术创意、各方的知识联系。


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3 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 4 - Culture & Commerce From Junks to Juggernauts: experiences within the shipping business of Hong Kong 1960-2015 Anthony Hardy Hong Kong Maritime Museum, Hong Kong, PR China Abstract Coolie trade on the Waterfront - Chinese Junk trade - Harbour starts at Queen's Road - Rickshaws to Ferraris - Cables to Internet - Water in oil tankers - Rise of HK Shipowners - Shikumisen arrival - Shipbroking the Cultural Revolution - Shipbuilding into property play - Unpublished anecdotes - Hong Kong's colourful shipping mantle - HKMM keeps the candle burning. 十一月三日下午二时三十分至四时分组讨论时段（四）文化与商贸从帆船到汽车：香港航运业的变迁（1960-2015 年）安东尼·哈迪中国香港海事博物馆摘要海旁华工贩卖 - 中国帆船贸易 - 海港源于皇后大道 – 人力车到法拉利 – 电报到互联网 – 油船里的水 – 香港船东的崛起 -「仕组船」- 船舶经纪–文化大革命 – 造船业走进地产业 – 航运圈轶事 – 香港多姿多采的航运历史 - 香港海事博物馆薪火相传


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3 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 4 – Culture & Commerce Smuggling: From Social Acceptance to a Criminal Act? Nils Valdersdorf Jensen Svendborg Museum, Svendborg, Denmark Abstract Smuggling – from social acceptance to a criminal act? In 1769 the bailiff of Svendborg was so frustrated with the extensive smuggling in the South Funen Achipelago, that he proposed to ban the islanders from having their own ships. Although the proposal wasn't effected, his struggle was not unique. Smuggling in the Achipelago continues to this day and has been documented since the Middle Ages. Contrary to the significance of smuggling it has often been regarded as an odd subject not worthy of further study. Smuggling has mostly been interpreted as an economic activity wholly dependent on the market. But with a systematization of known smuggling cases and newly found sources another picture emerges. This paper aims to dissect smuggling and challenge economic theory as the sole factor in explaining the history of smuggling. The paper argues that albeit profit remains at the core of smuggling several other factors has determined the development of smuggling. Cultural acceptance of smuggling as a profession, access to markets and goods via maritime industry, social recognition and changing borders has influenced smuggling in ways not hitherto acknowledged. In the development from a more or less accepted phenomenon to a criminal act smuggling raises the question: What connections can be uncovered by smuggling and how can smuggling supplement our knowledge of maritime trade and culture? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月三日下午二时三十分至四时分组讨论时段（四）文化与商贸走私活动：由无伤大雅到犯罪行为？ Nils Valdersdorf Jensen 丹麦斯文堡博物馆摘要 1769 年斯文堡的法警对南菲英群岛上日渐猖獗的走私活动忍无可忍，因此建议禁止岛民拥有自己的船只，但最终无功而返。南菲英群岛上的走私活动从中古时代持续至今天，虽然在岛民生活中占重要地位，但却无法引起人们进一步研究的兴趣。走私活动往往被视作一项适应市场需求的经济活动。但从许多系统化走私个案和新的资料来看，真相却是出人意表。本节尝试剖析走私活动，并指出经济因素并非走私背后的唯一动机。我认为尽管丰厚盈利是走私的主要动力，但其发展背后也存在其他因素。丹麦文化普遍接受走私为一种职业，其蓬勃的航运业造就了四通八达的市场网络，以及丰富的商品货源，社会上的认受性和国家边界的多次变更，多年来均对走私活动影响深远。走私行为最初被广为接受，后来却被视为犯罪行为，究竟这现象背后有甚么玄机？走私对我们了解航运业和文化有何帮助呢？


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3 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 5 – East Meets West Junk Keying Meets Cutty Sark Zefeng You Institute of Ancient Chinese Ships, Shanghai, PR China Abstract ‘Junk Keying’ departed from Hong Kong in 1846, through Cape of Good Hope, New York and Boston, and finally reached London, became the first Chinese wooden junk across the Atlantic in history. Twenty-six years later (1872), a British Clipper ‘Cutty Sark’ started off her journey from London, sailed to her new destination in Shanghai China. These two ships never met, but impacts in many facts. These are typical wooden junks in each nation, they share lots similarities, but also differences. My talk indicates the connection of these ships on historical background, and current fate, the maritime history and culture, as well as traditional shipbuilding technology. Elaborates the connection of maritime culture between the East and the West. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月三日下午二时三十分至四时分组讨论时段（五）东西方交流當「耆英」号遇见「卡蒂萨克」号尤泽峰中国古船研究所摘要 1846年「耆英」号从香港出发，穿越大西洋到达英国伦敦，成为中国第一艘穿越大西洋的木帆船。1872年英式帆船“卡蒂萨克”从伦敦启航，驶向目的地上海。两艘帆船虽从未相遇，但已经相识，中西方的航海文明和造船工艺在不断相互影响。


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3 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 5 – East Meets West An Inventory of Chinese Ship Models in European Collections Jeroen Ter Brugge Maritime Museum, Rotterdam, Netherlands Abstract Following overseas trade in the 19th and early 20th Century many Chinese ship models were brought to Europe. As a souvenir, for scientific purposes or to present to a curious audience. These models represent the variety of ships that were used throughout the whole of China and the eastern seas and which played a very important role in the global trade system in this period. As representatives of the interaction between Chinese and European shipping the ship models are of great importance both in the West and East. Contemporary 19th and early 20th Century ship models are rare in Chinese collections and by disclosing the European specimens hopefully new interest will be evoked, resulting in new research, publications and exhibitions, both in China as Europe. In 2014 the Maritime Museum Rotterdam (MMR) acquired a collection of around 250 ‘ethnographic’ ship models, roughly dating from 1850-1925, with some 25 very interesting Chinese items. In order to better understand the significance of this collection the MMR took the initiative for a project to compare this collection with others and acquire relevant information on Chinese ships and shipping. The purpose is to broaden knowledge and to be able to tell the correct and complete history to the audience. For this purpose the museum sought and found cooperation with the China Maritime Museum, the Institute for Ancient Chinese Ships en the Museum aan de Stroom (MAS Antwerp) to perform the Chinese Ship Model Project. Since then several museums in Europe have promised to cooperate. The project aims to make an inventory of contemporary Chinese ship models in European collections and an ‘academic valuation’ (contribution to our knowledge of traditional Chinese ships) of these models, resulting within a few years in a publication on the subject (including catalogue) and a travelling exhibition in China and Europe. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月三日下午二时三十分至四时分组讨论时段（五）东西方交流欧洲收藏里的中国船只模型列表 Jeroen Ter Brugge 荷兰鹿特丹海事博物馆摘要经过十九世纪和二十世纪初的贸易，许多中国船只的模型被带到欧洲。这些模型就成为了纪念品，用于科学研究，或者只是拿来满足人们好奇的物品。模型展现了中国和东方海洋各式各样的船只，这些船只在当时的全球贸易系统里，扮演了举足轻重的角色。这些象征着中国与欧洲航运互动的船只模型，对东方和西方都非常重要。中国的收藏中少见其十九世纪和二十世纪初的船只模型，我们希望在发表欧洲方面收藏后，能够抛砖引玉，引起对这方面新的关注和兴趣，促使中国与欧洲之间新一轮的研究、出版、展览。鹿特丹海事博物馆（MMR）在 2004年取得 250艘“人种志”船只模型，这些模型已鉴定属于 1850 年至 1925 年之间的作品。当中有 25艘特别有意思。为更了解这批藏品，MMR启动了一个项目，把本馆收藏的模型与其他模型作比较，并且收集大量有关中国船运和船只的资料。为的是扩展知识，以便能概括出真实而完整的故事。为了达到这目的，博物馆联合中国海事博物馆、上海中国古船研究所、比利时安特卫普河边博物馆（MAS Antwerp），进行了中国船只模型计划。自那时起，一些欧洲博物馆亦答应合作。这计划将整理出欧洲博物馆馆藏的当代中国船只模型列表，并鉴定它们的“学术价值”（对传统中国船只知识方面所作出的贡献）。我们希望在数年内能出版相关的书籍（包括展览目录），并且在中国和欧洲举行巡回展览。


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3 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 5 – East Meets West A Window to Foreign Exchange and Cultural Dialogue Guo Yusheng Quanzhou Maritime Museum, PR China Abstract Besides connecting history, reality and the future, maritime museums also serve as a link between different cultures. Quanzhou Maritime Museum is an excellent example to demonstrate how the East and the West met in maritime museum. The invaluable collection in Quanzhou Maritime Museum witnessed the communication and dialogues of people from different cultures. The great amount of spices and sandal woods excavated along with the unearthed Southern Song dynasty shipwreck are not just imports from the Southeast Asia and the West Asia, but also significant artefacts showing the exchange of commodities along the Maritime Silk Road. The collection of stone inscriptions and building components left by foreigners who sojourned in Quanzhou hundreds of years ago evidences how people from India, the Middle Asia, the Middle East, and Europe met and integrated into each other. With these great pieces, Quanzhou Maritime Museum brought out a variety of tour exhibitions, academic conferences and educational programs, which opened a window for people to see the exchange of cultures around the world in history. By an introduction of the collections and programs of Quanzhou Maritime Museum, this paper is dedicated to elaborate how maritime museums bridge the cultural exchange between the East and the West. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月三日下午二时三十分至四时分组讨论时段（五）东西方交流中外交流与文明对话的窗口郭育生福建省泉州海外交通史博物馆摘要以海事为主题的博物馆，除了具有一般博物馆联系历史、现实和未来的特性外，还有联系不同区域文化的独特之处。如果要以一个具体的博物馆来说明海事博物馆联系东西方的特征，泉州海外交通史博物馆（简称“海交馆”）是个极好的例子。海交馆的馆藏文物中，有一艘出土宋代海船，从伴随出土物—来自东南亚和西亚的大量香料药物，可以看到海上丝绸之路历史过程中商品的交流；另一馆藏品系列是古代外国侨民遗留在泉州的碑刻和建筑构件，这些珍贵且数量众多的藏品，记录了包括来自印度、中亚、中东、欧洲的各个族群，在泉州相遇且相互影响、相互吸收和融合的文化现象。根据馆藏文物记录中外文化交流的特征，海交馆开展许多对外交流展览、学术研究和对外合作等活动。所以，通过海交馆这个窗口，可以了解历史上中外各个族群的交流与对话。本文将通过介绍海交馆的馆藏文物以及业务活动，阐述海事博物馆在中外文化、东西方文化的联系和交流中，所发挥的桥梁和纽带作用。


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3 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 6 - Museums in Transition (1) Putting Strengths Together: Merging Museums: 5 Years of MAS Antwerp Marieke van Bommel Museum of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Abstract In 2011 the MAS I Antwerp opened its doors to the public. Annually, over 600,000 people visit the iconic building. The MAS has been rewarded for its new concept and is seen as one of the solutions for museums in the 21st century to survive. Next year the MAS will be open 5 years. The question one could ask is: Does the MAS I Antwerp meet up to the expectations? And how does all of this compline with the plans for a new Maritime museumpark in 2020? In the short presentation, director Marieke van Bommel, will explain the MAS as concept, since the MAS is a merge between five different collections among which the Maritime, but also the ethnographical. The museum specifically choose to mix the collections to tell the story of Antwerp in the world and the world within Antwerp, whereby the Maritime collection functions as a binding component. Pro’s and contra’s will be spoken of, reviewing this incorporation of the former Maritime Museum into this city- and worldmuseum. In 2020 the city of Antwerp wants to open a new Maritime museum at the drydock-site north of the city, at a 10 minutes’ walk from the MAS I Antwerp. Does this new museum means the MAS I Antwerp is losing its binding collection and with that, the merge of the museums did not work? Marieke will show plans of this new museum and will explain what the role of the MAS, holder of the Maritime collection, will be in the new museum. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月三日下午二时三十分至四时分组讨论时段（六）转变中的博物馆（一）团结就是力量：博物馆的合并：河边博物馆五年發展計劃玛里珂•博梅尔比利时安特卫普博物馆摘要在 2011 年，河边博物馆开放予公众参观，每年有超过六十万人参观了这座具代表性的建筑物。河边博物馆的新构思得到了应有的回报，而这也被看成博物馆要如何在二十一世纪里生存的方法之一。到了明年，博物馆开馆五周年了。我们要面对的问题是：安特卫普河边博物馆是否达到预期的期望？而这一切又如何符合 2020 年建立全新的海事博物馆游乐园的计划呢？这节我将讲解河边博物馆的概念。河边博物馆虽然是由五个不同收藏组成的海事展览，但也包括了民族志学的收藏。博物馆特地把这两个组合的收藏混合展出，以海事收藏作为衔接的部分，向世界叙述安特卫普的故事，也向安特卫普叙述世界的故事。我们将探讨这概念的利弊，重新检讨前海事博物馆并入这城市和世界博物馆的做法。安特卫普打算在 2020 年，于这城市北部，距离河边博物馆只有十分钟步行的干船坞址，开一间新的海事博物馆。这是否意味着河边博物馆将失去衔接的功能，而这些博物馆的合并是失败的呢？我将呈现这新博物馆的计划，并加以说明河边博物馆在这计划里所扮演的角色，而它所拥有的海事收藏品也将在这新博物馆展出。


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3 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 6 –- Museums in Transition (1) What Happened Next? The Privatisation and Opening of the National Military Museum 2014 Harry de Bles Dutch Navy Museum, Den Helder, Netherlands Abstract In December 2014 the National Military Museum finally opened its doors. Hundreds of thousands of visitors have passed the threshold since. This brand new, huge, modern museum near the airstrip of a former Air Base, houses the collections of the former National Army Museum and the former Military Aviation Museum, but has also developped into an integrated overview of the Joint Forces of the Netherlands. During the reorganization process it was decided to continue the separate exploitation of the Dutch Navy Museum in Den Helder (where I am director), the Museum of the Marines and the Museum of the Military Police. All four museum are now untwined from the Defense Ministry, and reside under the Foundation of Military Museums, funded by, but on distance from the Defense Ministry. The Foundation is subsidized by the Defence Ministry, but in order to receive the subsidies, will have to work on the ‘earning model’. How will this effect the culture of the military museums? The more so because the ‘earning’ capacity of the mother rmuseum is privatized. How do the three smaller museums profit from the success of the National Military Museum? How does the public react on the Army and Military Aviation dominated exhibition in the National Military Museum? What’s the effect of the lack of Navy Material on the audience’s attitude towards the Navy? What’s the stimulus for the hundreds of thousands to visit the other three museums as well? How’s the branding of four military museums under one umbrella organized? In short, what’s the perpective for the three smaller museums and the Foundation as a whole? Will expectations of all stakeholders involved come true? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月三日下午二时三十分至四时分组讨论时段（六）转变中的博物馆（一）接下来如何？2014 年国立军事博物馆的私有化和开幕 Harry de Bles 登海尔德荷兰海军博物馆摘要 2014 年荷兰的国立军事博物馆终于开幕了。它自开幕以来，接待了数以十万计访客。这新颖、庞大、现代化的博物馆位于旧空军基地的跑道上，它不只收集了前国立陆军博物馆、前军事航空博物馆的所有藏品，还为荷兰联合部队建立了一个综合展说。在重组的过程中，并决定了我当任馆长的登海尔德荷兰海军博物馆、海军陆战队博物馆、军警博物馆各自独立运作。现在四间博物馆均脱离了国防部的管辖，而归纳由国防部资助但不规管的军事博物馆基金。这基金虽然由国防部资助，但受资助的博物馆必须施行“赚钱模式＂后才能获得资金。这样的制度会对军事博物馆的经营文化起着怎样的冲击？尤其是当旗舰博物馆的“赚钱＂机制已被私有化，其他三间较小的博物馆要如何从国立军事博物馆的成功得益？社会将如何看待以国立军事博物馆陆军和空军为主题的展览？当访客发觉国家军事博物遗缺了海军展品，他们会如何看待海军？要如何促使这几十万国立军事博物馆的访客前往其他三间博物馆参观？要怎么推销四间属同一机构博物馆的品牌？总的来说，三间较小的博物馆和整体基金的远景是甚么？所有持份者的期望将会实现吗？


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3 November 14:30 - 16:00 Parallel Session 6 – Museums in Transition (1) Making the Forgotten War Accessible Stephen Fisher Maritime Archaeology Trust, Isle of Wight, UK Abstract The Maritime Archaeology Trust is undertaking a four-year Heritage Lottery funded project to investigate the 1,000 First World War shipwrecks along the south coast of England. Forgotten Wrecks of the First World War seeks to remind the public of this important and overlooked element of the war and make the maritime archaeology more accessible to the public at large. The inaccessibility of the wrecks and the fact that artefacts will not be recovered during the project – out of respect for archaeological principles and the graves that these shipwrecks represent – means that connecting people to this underwater heritage is difficult. Technology helps to make the connection. Digital 3D models have long been recognised as a valuable tool in archaeology and heritage. They can help to increase accessibility to objects and sites that visitors cannot normally interact with. By rendering an object in 3D, visitors can also manipulate the object in ways that may not be possible with the real thing due to conservation reasons. This technology makes it easy, even for a small organisation, to produce far more interactive experiences. 3D modelling can be done quickly and inexpensively, turning objects into 3D models for online portals. Collections of artefacts in private collections or the storage rooms of museums can be turned into virtual exhibits in an online museum. More excitingly, entire seabed can be mapped in this way. Previously disconnected photographs can be merged into a 3D landscape and virtually ‘swum’ around, making maritime archaeology a more accessible place for the public at large. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月三日下午二时三十分至四时分组讨论时段（六）转变中的博物馆 (一 ) 让遗忘的战争历史重现眼前 Stephen Fisher 英国怀特岛郡海洋考古基金摘要海洋考古基金目前正着手调查一千艘第一次世界大战期间搁浅于英国南部海域的船只。这项目由文化彩券资助，历时四年。「被遗忘的第一次世界大战海难」志在唤起大众对这重要却被忽略的战争片段，并且让人们更容易接触到这项海洋考古的成果。要接触到遇难船只的残骸并不容易。况且基于尊重考古的原则和沉船的遇难者，我们并没有打捞起文物。这也意味着很难让观众直接接触到这些海底文化。然而科技使我们克服了这难题，让人们可以近距离观赏这些文物。立体数码化模型技术已公认为考古和保留文化遗产工作的宝贵工具，能把难以接近和接触的文物或历史遗址轻易地展现出来。以计算机立体技术呈现历史古迹和文物，更能够让参观者随意近观细看。这正是面对实物时，为了保护文物而无法达到的。这科技使我们能轻易制造优秀的互动体验，即使再小的机构都能办得到。立体模型技术可以快而廉地把任何物体转变成能上载互联网的模型。私人藏品或博物馆整个库藏都能变成虚拟博物馆的网上展品。更令人振奋的是，整个海床都能以此技术绘制出来。之前断续的照片都能合成起来，用以制造立体的地形，任由在网上“游来游去＂。这使海洋考古知识更平易近人。


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5 November 12:30 - 14:00 Parallel Session 7 – Museums in Transition (2) 3D Modeling in Archaeology for Museum Display Megan Lickliter-Mundon, Freeman Ryan Design & Kevin Edwards, Western Australia Maritime Museum Abstract 3D modeling archaeological artifacts for museum display is well known for documentation and preservation purposes. Using 3D photogrammetry technology it’s also possible to build 3D models of archaeological sites, providing museum visitors a fully-explorable link between archaeology and artifact. This presentation will show a case-study from Western Australia Maritime Museum, where archaeologists and museum staff worked together to build accurate, detailed 3D models of shipwreck sites. The focus was on modeling efforts of the underwater ship itself or an artifact in the wreck site that was recovered and on display. Using the 3D model we are working on an interactive app which allows the visitor to engage with the display in a comparative, analytical, or alternative interest capacity. The app allows a visitor access to a large object, for example an underwater shipwreck, which they usually wouldn't otherwise see and allows for greater understanding of that object using more of that objects’ historical context. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月五日下午十二时三十分至二时分组讨论时段（七）转变中的博物馆（二）考古学立体模型予博物馆展出 Megan Lickliter-Mundon 及 Kevin Edwards Freeman Ryan Design 及西澳大利亚海事博物馆摘要博物馆展出的立体模型复制文物，是基于保育的考虑，以及可供资料存档。有了照相测量法的科技，我们就可能把整个考古遗址复制成立体模型，让博物馆访客全面体会考古与文物之间的关系。本节将陈述西澳洲海事博物馆的个案研究。个案中的考古学家和博物馆工作人员同心协力，为沉船遗址制造出精确和详尽的立体模型。这个项目专注于复制水下的船只或博物馆展出的沉船文物。我们把这立体模型用于一个互动的计算机软件里，该计算机应用程序能让访客把立体模型的转动展示、比较、分析或作其他用途。程序更能让访客接触到一些平时无法看到的庞大物体，例如水下沉船残骸，同时我们加进文物的历史背景，好让他们更了解。


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5 November 12:30 - 14:00 Parallel Session 7 – Museums in Transition (2) Teaching of Science and Technology in Maritime Museums Jeffrey Cannon Cannon Museum Group, Columbia, Maryland, USA Abstract The accelerated progress in STEM education as a core in global teaching is a frontier that maritime museums should further champion. This presentation will focus on the efforts of maritime museums to incorporate STEM programmes across their missions to educate the public. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月五日下午十二时三十分至二时分组讨论时段（七）转变中的博物馆（二）在海事博物馆教授科学和科技 Jeffrey Cannon 美国哥伦比亚坎农博物馆集团摘要干细胞的教育已经迅速发展成为国际主要的教科，而海事博物馆应该更进一步推广此科目。本节将陈述海事博物馆为公众教育提供干细胞的课题。


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5 November 12:30 - 14:00 Parallel Session 7 – Museums in Transition (2) Redeveloping Core Exhibitions – Things, Stories and People Hanna Hagmark-Cooper Åland Maritime Museum, Mariehamn, Finland Abstract In the beginning, the Åland Maritime Museum was a museum by mariners for mariners. Over the years, the collection and exhibition grew and eventually the day came when the museum had out-grown itself. In November 2009, the museum closed to the public and the task of reconstructing the Åland Maritime Museum began in earnest, not only renovating and extending the building, but also redeveloping the exhibition. The core exhibition was completely redeveloped, with the museum’s new vision as a guiding light; to be a world-class museum with a strong local commitment. In this paper I will talk about how we worked with the redevelopment of the new core exhibition at the Åland Maritime Museum. As a small museum with a staff whose experience was limited to making temporary no-cost displays in a 50 m2 gallery, it was a big challenge to take on the production of an entirely new 1,200 m2 large core exhibition with a budget 1 million euro to manage. I mainly will focus on our work with connecting objects with narratives, and with reaching out to a wide range of audiences. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月五日下午十二时三十分至二时分组讨论时段（七）转变中的博物馆（二）重建核心展览－展品、故事与人 Hanna Hagmark-Cooper 芬兰奥兰海事博物馆摘要在奥兰海事博物馆建立初期，基本上由海员管理，而观众大多数也是海员。多年来，博物馆的收藏和展品逐渐增加，以致博物馆不堪负荷。在 2009 年 11月，博物馆宣布暂时关闭，重建奥兰海事博物馆的工程亦正式展开。这重建计划不只限于装修翻新和扩充博物馆建筑物，还包括重新规划展览。其核心展览经过全面的规划，以符合博物馆所设立的新目标。希望它成为一间本地化的国际级博物馆。本节将陈述我们在奥兰海事博物馆如何重建一个崭新的核心展览。对于只有一小队工作人员的小博物馆来说，我们的经验只局限于五十平方米的展览厅，而制作出毫不花费的展览。所以要我们制作一个耗资一百万欧元，占地 1200平方米的大型核心展览，是巨大的挑战。我将论述如何把文物与故事联系起来，以及如何推广至更广大的群众。


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5 November 12:30 - 14:00 Parallel Session 8 – Connecting with Communities Macao Maritime Museum and its Communities I Un Chan Maritime Museum, Government of Macao Special Administrative Region, China Abstract Museums have played different roles in societies in various historical epochs. Their emergences and developments are determined by the environmental conditions as well as the needs of their societies. However, at the same time, museums can simultaneously meet their own needs and improve the conditions in which they are to fulfill their functions and, through these developments, in turn contribute to the actual developments of societies. Macao is a part of China’s territory, its current population is estimated to be 640,700, and the land area is 30.3 square kilometers at present. There are 23 museums in this small territory. All museums in Macao are relatively new. Of these 23 museums, the Memorial House, which is private, has a longer history and was inaugurated in 1958. Following this is the Maritime Museum which opened in 1987. The other museums were opened in the 1990s and in this century. Museums in Macao are a relatively new thing for its society and community. This paper will introduce the Macao Maritime Museum, its operation and its challenges. On the other hand, the paper will also introduce some projects that the Maritime Museum has joined hand in hand with the community to organize and promote some maritime cultural activities for the public. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月五日下午十二时三十分至二时分组讨论时段（八）与小区的联系澳门海事博物馆与其小区陈宜婉澳门海事博物馆摘要在不同的时代，博物馆都在社会里扮演不同的角色。它们的形成和发展都由环境和社会的需要主导。于此同时，博物馆也可在满足自己需要之际，改善所服务小区的周遭条件，以此回馈社会的实质发展。澳门现在是中国的领土，人口大约六十四万七百人，土地面积 30.3 平方公里。这小小地区有二十三间博物馆。所有澳门的博物馆都相对地簇新。在这二十三间博物馆当中，在 1958 年开幕私营的澳门国父纪念馆是历史最悠久。接下来就是 1987 年开幕的澳门海事博物馆。其他博物馆都是 1990 年代或本世纪开幕。博物馆对澳门社会和小区来说，都是新鲜的事物。本节将介绍澳门海事博物馆的运作和面对的挑战。除此以外，我也会介绍海事博物馆与小区连手合作、为公众举办和推广的海事文化活动。


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5 November 12:30 - 14:00 Parallel Session 8 - Connecting with Communities The Maritime Museum of Ushuaia in the Prison at the End of the World: Different Audiences with Diverse Interests Share the Same Collection Carlos Vairo Maritime Museum of Ushuaia, USHUAIA, Argentina Abstract Tierra del Fuego being a group of islands, sailing was a must from natives to colonizers. There was no other way to get in touch with other areas for those living along the channels and on the islands. The Maritime Museum deals with regional history. Collections are designed for different audiences – 1) People living in the area 2) South American tourists 3) Tourists from the Northern Hemisphere in general with an interest in Cape Horn and Sailing 4) The Antarctic tourist: Ninety per cent of visitors on their way to Antarctica set out from the Port of Ushuaia. They are about thirty thousand visitors every year. We were faced with the challenge of putting collections together in a way that allowed diverse points of view, thus encompassing the different audiences. We had to consider the four groups above mentioned, as well as local schools. We started to work after an analysis that came to the conclusion that a Museum was necessary. This analysis took five years to be completed. But this had to be a very special Museum, because everybody was a "tourist" in the area. Not even the last Yaghan natives remembered how the bark canoes they used for over one thousand years looked like. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月五日下午十二时三十分至二时分组讨论时段（八）与小区的联系位于世界尽头监狱的乌斯怀亚海事博物馆：不同的观众，多元的兴趣和同样的收藏卡洛斯•瓦伊罗阿根廷乌斯怀亚海事博物馆摘要由于火地群岛是位于阿根廷南部的一系列的岛群，殖民者必须由海路才能到达与岛民接触。除了海路，没有其他途径可以到达这些岛群和岛民联系了。岛上的海事博物馆专注的都是有关这区域的历史。博物馆的收藏都须针对不同的观众：１）居住在那区域的人２）南美洲旅客３）那些对合恩角和航海有兴趣的北半球旅客４）前往南极的旅客：九成的南极旅客是由乌斯怀亚海港出发的，每年有大约三万访客。我们面对的挑战是如何把所有的展品排列好，以满足不同观众的不同观赏角度。我们不单要照顾到以上四组不同的观众群，还须照顾到本地学生的需要。我们花了长时间研究后，最后得到的结论是，我们需要一间与众不同的博物馆，因为那里的每个人都将是游客。就算是亚干土著，都不知道他们用了超过前年的树皮艇是甚么样子的。


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5 November 12:30 - 14:00 Parallel Session 8 – Connecting with Communities Old Ships in a New Bottle: Creating a New Identity for 100-year-old Museum Ulla Tofte Maritime Museum of Denmark, Elsinore, Denmark Abstract Old ships in a new bottle? Creating a new identity of a 100 years old museum. The M/S Maritime Museum of Denmark has been nominated to a great number of international awards for its exhibitions and architecture since it opened in 2013. The architects BIG have been praised around the world for the iconic building placed around a former dry dock. Many of the visitors have never been to a maritime museum before and are not interested in maritime history. Others are missing the large collection of ship models and the charming atmosphere in the old museum. How to satisfy both? M/S Maritime Museum of Denmark has built a new museum. But we still work on our new identity as a place that embraces both the Danish maritime history and is an international attraction – renowed for transforming heritage into world class architecture. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月五日下午十二时三十分至二时分组讨论时段（八）与小区的联系新瓶旧船：为百年博物院塑造新角色 Ulla Tofte 丹麦海事博物馆摘要自 2013 年开幕以来，丹麦海事博物馆已被提名多项展览和建筑设计相关的国际奖项。全世界对著名建筑设计师 BIG，围绕着这废弃的干船坞建造标志性的建筑物赞赏不已。访客中很多以往从来没到过海事博物馆，也对海事历史没甚么兴趣。其他的访客却怀念旧博物馆那大量的船只模型收藏，以及那令人陶醉的气氛。鱼与熊掌怎能兼得？丹麦海事博物馆已建成一间新的馆址。可是我们还在努力建立新的身份，塑造一个包含丹麦海事历史，同时又能把历史遗迹变成世界级建筑，最终能享誉全球的国际旅游胜地。


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5 November 12:30 - 14:00 Parallel Session 8 – Connecting with Communities Building Cabrillo's San Salvador of 1542 Susan Sirota Maritime Museum of San Diego, San Diego, USA Abstract The Maritime Museum of San Diego is in the final stages of constructing a full-scale seaworthy replica of Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo’s flagship San Salvador of 1542. This voyage marked the first European landing on what would become America’s Pacific Coast and first contact with the indigenous populations. As such, San Salvador embodies the United State’s diverse Pacific origins, and has been evoked for decades as a public origin symbol for California’s coastal region and state. The connection between past and the present is at the heart of a replica ship; we build them not only to recount and understand the past but to connect and engage museum volunteers and visitors with the present. Archival and historical research for a replica informs present day ship design and building plans. Our San Salvador story connects a museum and a ship with local, national and international linkages. Her original mission of 1542 and the process of building the modern San Salvador replica have initiated dialogues between various communities: academic, technological, historical and cultural and it has even exposed unhealed wounds. San Salvador has given a museum with an incoherent fleet of historic ships a chronological narrative and a cohesion that is achieved by making connections beyond our borders. This talk will discuss the how the San Diego Maritime Museum’s recent historic replica ship project San Salvador, utilized the power of an origin story, rethought it’s collections based on narrative, and made connections beyond our traditional audience and community. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月五日下午十二时三十分至二时分组讨论时段（八）与小区的联系重建 1542 年卡布里洛的「圣萨尔瓦多」号 Susan Sirota 美国圣地亚哥海事博物馆摘要圣地亚哥海事博物馆正在筹建 1542 年若奥·卡布里洛的旗舰「圣萨尔瓦多」号，制造照足全尺寸而又适航的复制品，并已经进入完工的阶段。它的远航历险标志着第一个立足北美洲太平洋海岸，与当地土著建立联系的欧洲船队。因此，「圣萨尔瓦多」号象征着美国太平洋多元文化的起源。在过去几十年间，加利福尼亚州沿岸一带的地区和州份，都沿用「圣萨尔瓦多」号为它们的公共标志。这艘复制品的核心理念，就是联系过去与现在；我们建造它不只是为了追忆和了解历史，而也为了联系历史与现今，让博物馆义工和访客参与其中。建造这艘复制品所进行的历史档案研究，丰富了今日船只设计和造船规划的知识。「圣萨尔瓦多」号的故事，把这博物馆和船只与本地、国家、国际建立联系。这艘船在 1542 年原有的使命，以及现代建造「圣萨尔瓦多」号复制品的过程，给不同的社群之间，如学术界、科技界、历史界、文化界，激起了对话。这对话还掀起旧伤疤呢！「圣萨尔瓦多」号带让本馆有缺历史的古船藏品，发展出顺序的历史纲要。它也给予我们通过与美国以外的联系，建立起巨大的凝聚力。本节将讨论圣地亚哥海事博物馆的「圣萨尔瓦多」号复制品，是如何运用一个真实故事，重新思考它的收藏理念，由此并与传统听众和社群以外建立联系。


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5 November 12:30 - 14:00 Parallel Session 9 – New Approaches in Chinese Maritime Museums Nanhai No. 1 and the Overseas Trade of the Song Dynasty Yang Zhenjie Maritime Silk Road Museum of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, PR China Abstract Nanhai No.1 is an ancient Chinese merchant ship of Southern Song Dynasty. It is loaded with ceramics, copper wares, iron wares, bronze coins and other rare cultural relics. Since the integral salvage of December 28, 2007, Nanhai No.1 has drawn the world’s attention. The wreck’s excavation work started in November 2013 and a large number of relics were retrieved. Combined with relics of Nanhai No.1 and the literature and related materials, this paper introduces the meaning of Nanhai No.1 and overseas trade of Song Dynasty. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月五日下午十二时三十分至二时分组讨论时段（九）中国海事博物馆新动向从“南海 I 号”遗物看宋代海外贸易杨桢杰广东海上丝绸之路博物馆摘要 “南海 I 号”是中国南宋时期的一艘远洋外贸商船，船体满载陶瓷、铜铁器、铜钱以及生活用品等一大批珍贵文物。自2007 年 12月 28日整体打捞以来一直受到社会各界的热烈关注。2013 年 11月，沉船的全面发掘保护工作已经启动，并出水大批文物，本文就“南海 I 号”出水文物，结合文献和相关资料，浅述通过“南海 I 号”遗物对了解和探讨宋代海外贸易的意义。


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5 November 12:30 - 14:00 Parallel Session 9 – New Approaches in China Maritime Museums The Study on the Pictorial Stories of Matsu from Qing Dynasty Exhibited in the National Museum of Amsterdam in the Netherlands Xiao Haiming Guangdong Museum, Guangzhou, PR China Abstract As a well-known sea goddess in the Chinese coastal areas, East Asia and other regions, Matsu plays an important role in the maritime beliefs in Asia. The present study focuses on the seven Pictorial Stories of Matsu from Qing dynasty currently exhibited at the National Museum of Amsterdam in the Netherlands, providing a comprehensive review of the inheritance, content, functionality, artistic value as well as the indigenous features of these paintings. It points out that the functionality of the Pictorial Stories of Mazu from Qing Dynasty exhibited in Amsterdam is likely to resemble that of the Records and Maps of Matsu’s Stories exhibited at the National Museum of China, which are used for the purposes of personal collection, appreciation and communication between the royal families or senior officials who are close to the imperial court. This paper also holds that this series of paintings was from the hands of the painters in Beijing, Tianjin and their surroundings regions and reflect the indigenous cultural features of northern China to some extent. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月五日下午十二时三十分至二时分组讨论时段（九）中国海事博物馆新动向荷兰阿姆斯特丹国立博物院藏清代《天后圣迹图》研究肖海明广东省博物馆副馆长摘要妈祖是中国沿海和东南亚等地著名的海神，在亚洲的海洋信仰文化中占有重要地位。本文聚焦于现收藏于荷兰阿姆斯特丹国立博物院的七幅清代绘画《天后圣迹图》，对该套图的传承情况、基本内容、使用功能、艺术水平以及地域文化特色等进行综合考察。指出荷兰藏《天后圣迹图》的使用功能很可能像中国国家博物馆藏《天后圣母事迹图志》绘画一样，作为与朝廷关系密切的皇室成员或高级官员的私人收藏欣赏与交流之用。并认为此套图当为北方京津一带的画师所绘，在一定程度上反映出了北方的地域文化特色。


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6 November 09:00 - 10:30 Plenary Session 4 – Connecting the Past and Present: Maritime Archaeology Maritime Museums and Research: the Benefits of an Active Research Programme Fred Hocker Vasa Museum, Stockholm, Sweden Abstract In many museums, research is something that curatorial staff carry out in their spare time, or between the collections management and administrative tasks which occupy most of their hours. Shrinking budgets, and thus shrinking staffing levels, have a disproportionately negative effect on this type of research, as it reduces the amount of time available outside of essential curatorial duties. This paper presents the potential benefits of an active research program which engages museum staff at all levels. These benefits include: • Generation of new knowledge • Increased staff competence • Increased visibility and public awareness of the museum’s activities • Expanded public expectations of what a museum can offer and thus a museum’s potential audience • Generation of new exhibitions • Increased public engagement in museum activities • Better interaction between curatorial, exhibition and public staff • Improved staff morale • Broadened potential funding base for museum activities These potential benefits are illustrated with successful research projects carried out at the Vasa Museum, the Mary Rose Museum, and the Turkish Museum of Underwater Archaeology. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月六日上午九时至十时三十分全体大会议（四）联系过去与现在：海事考古海事博物馆与研究：积极的研究项目的益处 Fred Hocker 瑞典瓦萨博物馆摘要在许多博物馆里，策展人员只会利用业余的时间、藏品管理与行政之间的空档做研究。但是他们通常的工作占据了多数时间，不断缩减的预算而导致裁减人员，也使研究面对不成比例的负面影响，因为这将大程度的减少了基本策展工作之外的空档时间。本节将提出一些让所有博物馆人员参与积极的研究项目，以及所能带来的潜在益处。这些益处包括： l 产生新知识 l 增加员工的技能 l 提升博物馆的声望和大众对我们活动的认识 l 提高公众对博物馆的期望，从而扩展博物馆的观众群 l 创造新展览 l 增进大众参与博物馆的活动 l 增强策展人员、展览人员与公众服务员的沟通 l 提升员工士气 l 扩充资助博物馆活动的资金来源我将以瓦萨博物馆、玛丽玫瑰博物馆、土耳其水下考古博物馆的实际成功研究项目，举例说明以上的潜在益处。


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6 November 09:00 - 10:30 Plenary Session 4 – Connecting the Past and Present: Maritime Archaeology Our Museum is Still Changing: the Mary Rose Christopher Dobbs, Mary Rose Trust, Portsmouth, UK Abstract The theme of this ICMM session is ‘Museums in Transition’ and transition is certainly the phase that the Mary Rose is in at present. In May 2013, over 30 years after this sixteenth-century warship was raised from the seabed, we opened a brand new exhibition in a brand new building – the permanent resting place for the Mary Rose, her contents and her crew. We have already welcomed over one million visitors in the last two years, yet we close the doors again at the end of November for 6 months to complete the final phase of the Museum. Why all this change? This presentation will outline the philosophy behind the current museum displays, the reasons for these transitions and the vision for re-opening the museum in the summer of 2016. Indeed it will make the case that museums and visitor attractions must continually refresh or even re-invent themselves, to absolutely ensure that they remain relevant to their 21st century audiences and hence continue to attract visitors. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 十一月六日上午九时至十时三十分全体大会议（四）联系过去与现在：海事考古我们的博物馆在蜕变：「玛丽玫瑰」号 Christopher Dobbs 英国玛丽玫瑰号基金摘要本分组会议的主题是“转变中的博物馆＂，而玛丽玫瑰博物馆现在肯定是处于转变的阶段。2013 年 5月这艘十六世纪战船从海底打捞上来 30 年后，我们在新的建筑物里布置了崭新的展览。这将是「玛丽玫瑰」号和其文物、船员永久的栖身之所。在过去两年里，我们已经迎接超过一百万访客，然而我们又将在十一月间再次关闭六个月，以完成博物馆最后阶段的修建。为甚么要有这些转变呢？本节将勾勒出现时博物馆展览背后的理念。我也将解释这些转变的原因。我们希望能在 2016 年夏季重新开放。为了保持与二十一世纪的社会紧扣相连，以及继续吸引访客，博物馆和观光地的确需要不断翻新或自我更新。

icmm congress 2015, hong kong: abstracts of papers presented

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